Question 1

1.  
Antibodies directed against HIV can enhance the infection by facilitating entry of virus into
immune cells.
Answer

 True

 False

2 points   

Question 2
1. The most common mode of transmission of HIV worldwide is which of the following
(select one)?
Answer
A. Sharing of intravenous needles
B. Heterosexual contact
C. Blood Transfusion
D. Homosexual contact

2 points   

Question 3
1.  
Match the role in HIV infection in the concept map below of the following HIV proteins
Answer
                                                                      Box A Answer
4. Read Answer Items 1 Integrase
for Question 3 .
                                                                      2 Rev
Box B .
7. Read Answer Items
3 Nef
for Question 3
.
                                                                      Box C 4 GP120
9. Read Answer Items .
for Question 3 5 Tat
                                                                      Box D .
8. Read Answer Items 6 Vpu
for Question 3 .
                                                                      Box E 7 Vpr
 2. Read Answer Items .
for Question 3 8 Reverse Transcriptase
                                                                      Box F .
1. Read Answer Items 9 Vif
for Question 3 .
                                                                      Box G
5. Read Answer Items
for Question 3
                                                                      Box H
3. Read Answer Items
for Question 3
                                                                      Box I
6. Read Answer Items
for Question 3

5 points   

Question 4
1.  
Match the following phases of a HIV infection with their associated symptoms or clinical
parameters.
Answer
                                      Helper T-cell levels Answer
C. A. Symptomatic Phase/AIDS
below 200/ml
Read Answer Items for Question 4 B. Acute Phase
                                      Steady Decline in Helper C. Asymptomatic Phase
C. T-cell levels
Read Answer Items for Question 4
                                      Elevated levels of
B. Cytoxic T-cells
Read Answer Items for Question 4
                                      Flu-Like Symptoms
C. Read Answer Items for Question 4
                                      Initial infection of
B. memory T-cells
Read Answer Items for Question 4
                                      Highest level of viremia
A. Read Answer Items for Question 4

3 points   

Question 5
1.  
It is estimated that the genetic diversity of HIV in a single individual exceeds that of the
worldwide diversity of Influenza A during a typical pandemic.
Answer

 True

 False
 2 points   

Question 6
1.  
Individuals infected with HIV are much more likely to develop aggressive cancers such as
Kaposi's sarcoma and B-cell lymphoma. Explain why this is the case (4-5 sentences max).
Answer
Press Tab to enter the content editor. For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac).

In case of HIV, the immune system of the individual is compromised. The HIV infected person is susceptible to many infections because the Helper
T cell count becomes low. The B cells which produce antibodies are also affected. In case of Kaposi sarcoma, there is a co-infection with its
oncogenic virus.
Path: p
Words:0

2 points   

Question 7
1.  
Visit the World Health Organization (WHO) website on HIV/AIDs (www.who.int/hiv/en/) and study the statistics
on world wide infections. Fill in the blanks below for the statistic for HIV infection as of the end of 2011.
more than 30

Blank 1  million individuals worldwide have died of AIDs since its discovery in the early 1980s.

1.7

Blank 2  million individuals die in 2011 from AIDs

34

Blank 3  million individuals worldwide are infected by HIV.

2.5

Blank 4  million individuals were newly infected with HIV in 2011.

Answer

2 points   

Question 8
1.  
One of the features of HIV that has made it such a severe global health issue is the fact that it
possess an asymptomatic phase that can last many years. Explain in 5-6 sentences why HIV has
a long asymptomatic phase and how this has contributed to the severity and spread of the AIDs
pandemic.
Answer
Press Tab to enter the content editor. For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac).

.
Path: p
Words:0As a result of the strong immune defense, the number of viral particles in the blood stream declines and the patient enters clinical latency .
Little virus can now be found in the bloodstream or in peripheral blood lymphocytes and, initially, the number of blood CD4+ cells is only slightly
decreased. Nevertheless, the virus persists elsewhere, particularly in lymph nodes and here viral replication continues as follicular dendritic cells
interact with more CD4+ cells that become infected. The virus is also replicated by macrophages. During this stage the patient can transfer HIV virus
to others inspite of no visible symtoms. This results in a pandemic.

2 points