Gutierrez, Princess Jovelyn C.

BSN1Y1-5
 “Good Day I’m Dyesebel Leininger or
commonly called “Madeleine M. Leininger”
and I am the founder of the Transcultural
Nursing or the Theory of Culture Care
Diversity and Universality .The importance
of this theory, is to guide the provision of
nursing care for meaningful and beneficial
outcomes by providing a culture specific
and culturally congruent care.

 Background of the Theorist: On July 13, 1925 I was

born at Sutton, Nebraska. I have a German father
and an Irish mother that early opened my
understanding about the diversity of different
cultures by the way I have been raised.

 I’ve began my nursing career after I obtained my

diploma program at St. Anthony’s School of
nursing in Denver, Colorado then take my
Bachelor’s degree in Biological Science at
Benedictine College and Masteral in Psychiatric
Nursing at University on Cincinnati and lastly my
PHD that made me special from others is a PHD in
Social and Cultural Anthropology at University of
Washington
 Origin of Theory: It was 1950s when I’m at
Cincinnati, working on a child guidance home as a
clinical psychiatric nurse. I have observed there that
the staffs are lacked in understanding cultural factors
that influenced the behaviours of children. Then the
thing that really bothered me is psychoanalytic
theories and therapy strategies doesn’t seem to
reach children from diverse background. Then I
started questioning myself about cultural factors
about cultural factors in the diagnosis and treatment
of clients. Until I had a conversation with Margaret
Mead and I asked her about my concerns and she
only replied “Well that is for you to discover”
Gutierrez, Princess Jovelyn C. BSN1Y1-5
 Conceptual Model and Major Concepts: The Sunrise Enabler
model depicts human beings as inseparable from their cultural
backgrounds and social structure factors, worldview, and
environmental context and as the interrelationship of culture
care diversity and universality and also illustrates the major
component of my theory. Level 1 – reflects one’s world view on
cultural structure dimension
 Level 2 – represents the person with different parts which
includes factors such as technological ,religious and
philosophical, kinship and social, and educational factors
Arrow code- influencers- shows the person is a product of a
culture
 Level 3 –represents health whereas it provides information
about folk and professional systems. The folk health systems
are those nursing practices learned cognitively through formal
or professional school of learning. The combination of folk and
professional health care systems needs the biological,
physiological, and cultural health needs of the patient and
client. In this level nurse act as a bridge between folk and
professional health systems
 Level 4 – represents the nursing part that depicts 3 modes of
nursing care actions. The 1sth mode is culture care
preservation or in the nurse health declined family preserved
or maintains their health beliefs and values. The 2nd mode is
culture care accommodation wherein the nurse negotiates
with the health well-being or to deal with illness for dying. The
3rd mode is culture care repatterning which refers to nursing actions and decisions that help the client and
the family in restructuring or changing their lifestyle. To
achieve new and different patterns that is culturally congruent
care.
 Metaparadigm: I defined person as to be caring and capable
of being concerned about the needs well beings, and survival
for others. Health as a state of well-being that is culturally
defined, valued, and practiced with. Environment is the totality
of geophysical situations and ecological settings of cultures.
Nursing a learned scientific and humanistic profession that
focuses on human care phenomena and caring activities in
order to help, or enable patients to maintain or regain health in
culturally meaningful ways and achieve.
 Application to the hospital: The nurse needs to communicate
to the patient and client in order to know their cultural
backgrounds. Then identify the factors or cultural and social dimensions that may affect their health like
technological and religious factor. Lastly, the nurse must use the 3 modes of nursing culture care actions
which are to preserve, accommodate, repattern so you can apply the culturally and congruent care
effectively.