Name: Angel Grace D.
Galamay
Block: 22
Theorist Nursing Theorist Nursing
Florence Environmental It was comparable to that of
Nightingale Theory motherly instincts. She
believed that every woman
would be a nurse because
nursing is having the
responsibility for someone
else’s health - a
characteristic shared by
women.
Jean Watson Theory of Nursing is the human
Transpersonal science of person and
Caring human health - illness
experiences that are
mediated by professional,
personal, scientific, aesthetic
and ethical human care
transaction
Patricia Caring, Clinical It is described as a caring
Benner Wisdom and Ethics relationship and practice
in Nursing Practice that cares for and studies the
lived experiences of patients
on health, illness, and
disease, and the relationship
among these three elements.
Environment
It was viewed as “those
elements external to and
which affect the health of
the sick and healthy person”
and included “everything
from the patient’s food and
flowers to the patient’s
verbal and nonverbal
interactions.”
Caring (and nursing) has
existed in every society.
Every society had some
people who cared for others.
A caring attitude is
transmitted by the culture of
the profession as a unique
way of coping with its
environment.
Benner talked about
situations instead of
environment. Situation is
described as the social
environment with a social
definition and
meaningfulness.
Health
She viewed health as being
well, it is alo living up to
one potential to the fullest
extent.
Illness is not necessarily
disease, it is a subjective
turmoil or disharmony
within the sphere of the
person. In the mind, body
and soul, consciously or
unconsciously.
This is defined as what can
be assessed. Health is not
merely the absence of
disease or illness. A person
may also have a disease but
not an illness.
Date: 11/09/21
Person
A patient is a person who
needs nursing care
regardless of the patient’s
social worth. Nurses are
totally in control of the
patients and their
environment.
Humans cannot be treated as
objects and that humans
cannot be separated from
self, other, nature, and the
larger Universe.
It is viewed as a
self-interpreting individual.
What is Theory
Nursing is the art of
utilizing the patient's
environment for his or her
recovery. The components
of the environment are
proper ventilation, adequate
light, cleanliness, warmth,
quiet, diet, and management.
The essence of nursing is in
the caring aspect and caring
is taking the wholeness, the
totality of the patient in
consideration. Nurses today
should try to care for a
patient for who he is. After
all, all of us were created
equal and in his likeness.
As a person improves in
skill level, there is a
corresponding change in the
performance of a given skill.
Learning by experience will
allow you to gain mastery of
a given skill.
Marilyn Theory of Nursing is holistic,
Anne Ray Bureaucratic relational, spiritual, and
Caring ethical caring that seeks the
good of self and others in
complex community,
organizational, and
bureaucratic cultures.
Dwelling more deeply with
the nature of caring reveals
that the foundation of
spiritual caring is love.
Through knowledge of the
inner mystery of the
inspirational life within,
love calls forth a responsible
ethical life that enables the
expression of concrete
actions of caring in the lives
of nurses. As such, caring is
cultural and social.
Transcultural caring
encompasses beliefs and
values of compassion or
love and justice or fairness,
which find significance in
the social realm, where
relationships are formed and
transformed
Environment for her was a
complex spiritual, ethical,
ecological and cultural
phenomenon.It embodies
knowledge and conscience
about the beauty of life
forms and symbolic systems
or patterns of meaning.In
addition,these patterns are
transmitted historically and
are preserved or changed
through caring values,
attitudes and
communication.
Health provides a pattern of
meaning for individuals,
families, and communities.
In all human societies,
beliefs and caring practices
about illness and health are
central features of culture.
Health is not simply the
consequence of a physical
state of being.The social
organization of health and
illness in society (the
healthcare system)
determines the way that
people are recognized as
sick or well. It determines
how health professionals
view health and illness, and
how individuals view health
and illness.
She viewed a person as a
spiritual and cultural
being.Persons are created by
God,the Mystery of Being
and they engage
co-creatively in human
organizational and
transcultural relationships to
find meaning and value.
The Bureaucratic Caring
Theory is spiritual-ethical
caring emerging in
bureaucracies.
Bureaucracies are complex
systems with political, legal,
economic, technological,
physical, educational and
social-cultural dimensions.
By understanding and
incorporating the Theory of
Bureaucratic Caring, nurses
bring caring into being that
makes a human community
and an organization edifying
to our spiritual well-being
and intellectual lives.
Kari Philosophy of “Nursing is founded on
Martinsen Caring caring for life, on
neighborly love, … At the
same time, it is necessary
that the nurse is
professionally educated…”
Space and situation - a It does not only reflect the This means bearing the Caring is fundamental in
person is always in a condition of the organism. It fellowship of tradition that nursing. Trinity of caring
particular situation in a is also an expression of the turns the individual into a includes relational, practical,
particular space. In space current level of competence person. and moral.
are found time, ambience, in medicine. The tendencies
and power. of the modern concept of
health are such that if one
has an unnecessary ‘defect’
or an organ which ‘could’ be
better, one is not completely
healthy.

Katie Caritative Caring Love and charity, or caritas,Good caring and true Defined as soundness, The conception of the The fundamentals of natural
Eriksson Theory as the basic motive of knowledge become visible freshness, and well-being. human being in Eriksson’s caring are constituted by the
caring, the principal idea. through ethos. Ethos Implies being whole in theory is based on the axiom
idea of motherliness, which
The foundation of the caring originally refers to home, or body, soul, and spirit. Health that the human being is an implies cleansing and
professions through the ages to the place where a human is a pure concept of entity of body, soul, and nourishing,and spontaneous
has been an inclination to being feels at home. It wholeness and holiness. She spirit. and unconditional love. The
help and minister to those symbolizes a human being’s sees health as both ultimate goal of caring is to
suffering. innermost space, where he movement and integration. alleviate suffering and serve
appears in his nakedness. life and health.
Myra Estrin The Conservation The goal of nursing care is The environment Ability to function in a Refers to holistic being: Nursing is a human
Levine Model to support adaptation and completes the wholeness of reasonable manner; health is wholeness is integrity which interaction that promotes
the strong drive of the the individual.The implied to mean unity and Integrity means a person has adaptation and maintains
individual to seek wholeness individual has both an integrity. The goal of freedom of choice and wholeness either by acting
internal and external nursing is to promote health. movement. in the therapeutic sense or
environment. The person is also described by providing supportive care
as a unique individual in in order to influence
unity and integrity, feeling, adaptation. The theory has
believing, thinking and four principles: (1)
whole system of system. conservation of energy, (2)
conservation of structural
integrity, (3) conservation of
personal integrity and (4)
conservation of social
integrity.
Martha E. Unitary Human The study of unitary,
Rogers Beings Conceptual irreducible, indivisible
Models of Nursing humans and the
environment. She also
claims that nursing exists to
serve people and the safe
practice of nursing depends
on the nature and amount of
scientific nursing knowledge
the nurse brings to his or her
practice.
Dorothea E. Self-Care Deficit It is an art through which the
Orem Theory of Nursing practitioner of nursing gives
specialized assistance to
persons with disabilities,
making more than ordinary
assistance necessary to meet
self-care needs. The nurse
also intelligently participates
in the medical care the
individual receives from the
physician.
Imogene M. Interacting Systems Nursing as the interaction
King Framework and and relationship of person
Goal Attainment with the environment to
Theory attain health and improve
human well being
It is “ an irreducible,
indivisible, pandimensional
energy field identified by
pattern and integral with the
human field”
It has physical, chemical,
and biological features. It
includes the family, culture,
and community.
Environment as the process
of balance involving internal
and external interactions
inside the social system
Defined health as an
expression of the life
process. The events vary in
their expressions from
greatest health to those
incompatible with the
maintaining life process.
It is "being structurally and
functionally whole or
sound". Also, health is a
state that encompasses both
the health of individuals and
groups and human health is
the ability to reflect on
oneself, symbolize
experience, and
communicate with others.
Health is a dynamic human
life experience that includes
constant adjustments to
stressors in the internal and
external environment
through the most efficient
use of one's resources in
order to reach maximum
basic daily capacity.
A person is defined as an
indivisible, pan-dimensional
energy field identified by a
pattern and manifesting
characteristics specific to
the whole. A person is also a
unified whole, which has its
own distinct characteristics
that can’t be viewed by
looking at, describing or
summarizing the parts.
Humans are defined as
"men, women, and children
cared for either singly or as
social units" and are the
"material object" of nurses
and others who provide
direct care.
A person existing in an open
system as a spiritual being
and rational thinker who
makes choices, selects
alternative courses of action,
and has the ability to record
their history through their
own language and symbols,
unique, holistic and have
different needs, wants and
goals.
Nursing as an art and
science that seeks to
promote symphonic
interaction between the
environment and man, to
strengthen the coherence
and integrity of human
beings .
It focuses on the ability of
every individual in
performing self-care, which
they initiate and do on their
own sake in maintaining
life, health, and well-being.
In case that the person can't
perform it or has limitations
in providing self-care, the
nurse will assist the patient
or his/her dependents to
meet self-care needs and
regulate or develop their
own functioning.
Nursing is a process of
action, reaction, and
interaction whereby nurse
and client share information
about their perception in the
nursing situation.
Betty Systems Model Nursing’s primary concern
Neuman is to define the appropriate
action in situations that are
stress-related or concerning
possible reactions of the
client system and stressors.
Sister Adaptation Model The goal of nursing is] the
Callista Roy of Nursing promotion of adaptation for
individuals and groups in
each of the four adaptive
modes, thus contributing to
health, quality of life, and
dying with dignity.
Environment is a vital arena
that is germane to the
system and its function. It
may be viewed as all factors
that affect and are affected
in the system. Based on this
theory the 3 relevant
environments are internal,
external and created.
The environment is defined
as conditions,
circumstances, and
influences that affect
humans' development and
behavior as an adaptive
system. The environment is
a stimulus or input that
requires a person to adapt.
These stimuli can be
positive or negative. Roy
categorized these stimuli as
focal, contextual, and
residual.
Health is defined as the
condition or degree of
system stability and is
viewed as the continuum
from wellness to illness.
When system needs are met,
optimal wellness exists.
When needs are not
satisfied, illness exists.
When the energy needed to
support life is not available,
death occurs.
Roy defined health as the
process of being and
becoming an integrated and
complete person. Roy's
model of nursing defined
nursing as a science, and the
adaptation of this scientific
knowledge into the practice
of nursing.
Humans are defined as
“men,women, and children
cared for either singly or
social units” and are the
“material object” of nurses
and others who provide
direct care.
She was a nursing professor
at Boston College before
retiring in 2017. Roy was
designated as a 2007 Living
Legend by the American
Academy of Nursing.
This theory is based on the
person's relationship to
stress, response and
reconstitution factors that
are progressive in nature. It
focuses on the patient
system response to actual or
potential environmental
stressors and maintains the
client systems stability
through primary, secondary,
and tertiary nursing
prevention interventions to
reduce stressor
In 1976, Roy developed a
theory now known as the
Roy Adaptation Model,
which states that the goal of
nursing care is to promote
patient adaptation. Her
model asks questions about
the person who is the focus
of nursing care, the target of
that care and when that care
is indicated.
Dorothy E. Behavioral System Dorothy Jhonson’s theory
Johnson Model defined Nursing as “an
external regulatory force
which acts to preserve the
organization and integration
of the patient’s behaviors at
an optimum level under
those conditions in which
the behavior constitutes a
threat to the physical or
social health, or in which
illness is found”
Hildegard Theory of Hildegard Peplau considers
Peplau Interpersonal nursing to be a “significant
Relationship therapeutic interpersonal
process” She defines it as a
“human relationship
between an individual who
is sick or in need of health
services, and a nurse
specially educated to
recognize and to respond to
the need for help”
Johnson behavioral theory is
related to clinical
environments and can be
used in hospitals as a
framework for diagnosing
the problems of patients and
proposing and evaluating
comprehensive nursing care.
Peplau defines the
environment as forces
outside the organism and in
the context of the
socially-approved way of
living,from which vital
human social processes are
derived such as norms,
customs and beliefs.
However, these given
conditions that lead to health
always include the
interpersonal process.
Johnson’s theory defines
health as a purposeful
adaptive response to internal
and external stimuli in order
to maintain stability and
comfort. The main goal of
nursing is to foster
equilibrium within the
individual patient.
Peplau defines a person as a
man who is an organism that
lives in an unstable balance
of a given system. “Health”
is a word that symbolizes
movement of the personality
and other ongoing human
processes that directs the
person towards creative,
constructive, productive and
community living.
Dorothy E. Johnson was an
American nurse, researcher,
author, and theorist. She is
known for creating the
Behavioral System Model
and for being one of the
founders of modern system
-based nursing theory.
She was an American nurse
and the first published
nursing theorist since
Florence Nightingale. She
created the middle-range
nursing theory of
interpersonal relations,
which helped to
revolutionize the scholarly
work of nursing.
Johnson’s theory defines
health as a purposeful
adaptive response to internal
and external stimuli in order
to maintain stability and
comfort. The main goal of
nursing is to foster
equilibrium within the
individual patient. The
practice of nursing is
concerned with the
organized and integrated
whole, but maintaining a
balance in the behavior
system when illness occurs
is the major focus of the
career.
Peplau’s theory teaches the
nurse how to interact with
his or her patient so that the
patient feels more in control
of his treatment which can
also give him the sense that
the assistance of the nurse
once the patient is
discharged from her care.
Ida Jean Theory of Orlando speaks of nursing
Orlando Deliberative as unique and independent
Nursing Process in its concern for an
individual's need for help in
an immediate situation. The
effort to meet the
individual’s need for help is
carried out in an interactive
situation and in a disciplined
manner that requires proper
training.
Joyce Human to Human An interpersonal process
Travelbee Relationship Model whereby the professional
of Nursing nurse practitioner assists an
individual, family or
community to prevent or
cope with the experience of
illness and suffering and if
necessary to find meaning in
these experiences.
Orlando completely
disregarded the environment
in her theory, only focusing
on the patient’s immediate
need.
This can be indirectly
equated to the environment.
She defined human
conditions and life
experiences encountered by
all men as illness, suffering,
pain and hope.
Health is replaced by a
sense of helplessness as the
initiator of a necessity for
nursing. She stated that
nursing deals with
individuals who require
help.
▪ Subjective health- an
individually defined state of
well- being in accord with
self appraisal of
physical-emotional-spiritual
status
▪ Objective health- absence
of discernable disease,
disability or defect as
measured by physical
examination, laboratory
tests and assessment by
spiritual director
Orlando uses the concept of
human as she emphasizes
individuality and the
dynamic nature of the
nurse-patient relationship.
For her, humans in need are
the focus of nursing
practice.
a unique irreplaceable
individual- a one time being
in this world- like yet unlike
any person who has ever
lived or ever will live. a
unique, irreplaceable
individual who is in a
continuous process of
becoming, evolving and
changing. patients are only
individual human beings in
need of care, services and
assistance of other human
beings who can render the
assistance that is needed
Immediacy is emphasized in
her theory, the nurse seeks
to find out and meet the
patient’s immediate need for
help. This can be applied in
OR, ER, and ICU.
Means through which the
purpose of nursing is
fulfilled. Model emphasizes:
empathy, sympathy, rapport
and emotional aspects of
nursing. Sympathy and
empathy are both acts of
feeling.
Ernestine Helping Art of Nursing primarily The concept of She said any individual who Person is defined Wiedenbach’s theory
Wiedenbach Clinical Nursing consists of environment is not is receiving help of some as any individual reiterated the helping
Theory identifying a directly addressed kind, be it care, instruction who is receiving role of the nurses in
patient’s need for by Wiedenbach or advice from a member of help of some terms of providing
help through thus, she the health profession or kind, instruction direct care to
determining the recognized the from a worker in the field of or advice from a patients needing
patient’s ability to potential effects of health. member of the help. Furthermore,
resolve the environment. health profession the theory states that
discomfort or if the or from a worker each person,
patient has a need in the field of whether a nurse or
for help from the nurse or health. patient, has a unique
other potential to develop
healthcare self-sustaining
professionals. resources. People
tend to be
independent and
fulfill their own
responsibilities.

Nancy Roper, Model of Nursing “Nursing is the practice of It is viewed as a reflection There are a set of 12
Winifred Based on Activities assisting patients live of the person’s ability to activities of living which
Logan, of Living through life.” perform the activities of represent those activities
Alison living in the light of the five engaged in by individuals
Tierney factors that influence its whether sick or well. There
- degree of performance and - are also 5 main factors that
within the context of the influence ADLs: Biological,
person’s developmental age. Psychological,
Sociocultural,
environmental, and
politico-economic.
Lydia Hall Care, Cure, Core Nursing is identified as
Theory of Nursing consisting of participation in
the care, core and cure
aspects of patient care.
Faye Glenn 21 Nursing Nursing is based on art and
Abdellah Problems Theory science that molds the
attitudes, intellectual
competencies, and technical
skills of the individual nurse
into the desire and ability to
help people, sick or well,
cope with their health needs.
Virginia Nursing Need Temporarily assisting an
Henderson Theory individual who lacks the
necessary strength, will, and
knowledge to satisfy 1 or
more of 14 basic needs.
Assist and support the
individual in life activities
and the attainment of
independence.
In such a setting, the focus
of the action of the nurses is
the individual, so that any
actions taken and relation to
society or environment are
for the purpose of assisting
the individual in attaining a
personal goal.
Environment is
referred to as the
home or
community from
which patient
comes.
Settings in which an
individual learns a unique
pattern for living. All
external conditions and
influences that affect life
and development.
Health can be inferred to be
a state of self-awareness
with a conscious selection of
behaviors that are optimal of
the individual. Hal stresses
the need to help the person
explore the meaning of his
or her behavior to identify
and overcome problems
though developing
self-identity and maturity.
She does not define health,
she speaks of “total health
needs” and “ a healthy state
of mind and body”
Definition based on an
individual’s ability to
function independently as
outlined in the 14
components.
Hall emphasizes the
importance of the individual
as unique, capable of growth
and learning. And requiring
a total person approach.
Abdellah
describes people
as having
physical,
emotional, and
sociological
needs
Have basic needs that are
components of health.
Requiring assistance to
achieve health and
independence or a peaceful
death.
Nursing is a distinct body of
knowledge that provides
nursing care to patients who
are in need of nursing care
in support of medical
interventions, in
collaboration with other
members of the health team
or exclusively and
independently by the nurse
herself.
Abdellah’s theory
provides a basis for
determining and
organizing nursing
care. The problems
also provide a basis
for organizing
appropriate nursing
strategies. The
problems also serve
as a foundation for
developing effective
nursing solutions.
Nurses assist the individual,
sick or well, in the
performance of activities
contributing to health or its
recovery to help him gain
independence as rapidly as
possible. There are 14
components, which are
nursing activities and based
on human needs.
Nola J. Health Promotion “Nursing is a helping
Pender Model profession that empowers
patients towards
self-attribution,
self-evaluation, and
self-efficacy.
Madeleine Culture Care This is defined as a learned
Leininger Theory in Nursing humanistic and scientific
profession and discipline
which is focused on human
care phenomena and
activities in order to assist,
support, facilitate, or enable
individuals or groups to
maintain or regain their well
being in culturally
meaningful and beneficial
ways or to help people face
handicaps or death,
Margaret A. Theory of Health as Nursing is “caring in the
Newman Expanding human health experience”. It environment as a “universe
Consciousness is seen as a partnership
between the nurse and
client, which both grow in
the sense of higher levels of
consciousness.
- -
Environmental context is the
totality of an event,
situation, or particular
experience that gives
meaning to human
expressions, interpretations,
and social interactions in
particular physical,
ecological, sociopolitical
and/or cultural settings.
She described the
of open systems”.
A positively dynamic state
rather than simply the
absence of disease.
It is a state of well-being
that is culturally defined,
valued, and practiced, and
which reflects the ability of
individuals (or groups) to
perform their daily role of
activities in culturally
expressed, beneficial, and
patterned life ways.
Health and illness are
synthesized as health - the
fusion of one state of being
(disease) with its opposite
(non-disease) results in what
can be regarded as health.
Such are believed to be
caring and to be capable of
being concerned about the
needs, well-being, and
survival of others.
The human is unitary, that
cannot be divided into parts,
and is inseparable from the
larger unitary fields. Persons
are “centers of
consciousness” within an
overall pattern of expanding
consciousness.
Health promotion is directed
at increasing a patient’s
level of well-being. This
theory focused on health
promotion and disease
prevention, which is highly
applicable in community
health settings.
The main focus of this
theory is for nursing care to
fit with or have beneficial
meaning and health
outcomes for people of
different or similar cultural
backgrounds. The goal of
nursing care is to provide
care congruent with cultural
values, beliefs, and
practices.
Newman’s Theory sees the
patient as a whole person:
physical, emotional,
intellectual, spiritual. The
patient is a result of his or
her unique life experience,
so to understand the patient
and his or her health or
illness requires
understanding as much as
possible of the patient’s
whole life experience.
Rosemarie Theory of Human A human science and art Everything about the person Open process of being and Open being who is more The Parse theory of human
Rizzo Parse Becoming that uses an abstract body of and his experiences. becoming. Involves than and different from the becoming guides nurses in
knowledge to serve people. Inseparable, complimentary synthesis of values. sum of the parts. their practice to focus on
to and evolving with. quality of life as it is
described and lived. The
human becoming theory of
nursing presents an
alternative to both the
conventional biomedical
approach and the
bio-psycho-social-spiritual
approach of most other
theories of nursing.
Rozzano Technological Compassion, confidence,
Locsin Competency as commitment and conscience
Caring are all essential components
of caring in nursing. He also
stated, “The level of
knowledge a nurse
possesses is not what makes
the person the focus of
nursing. Instead, it is the
intentional and authentic
presence brought into the
situation that enables the
nurse to know the other as a
person living unique hopes,
dreams, and aspirations.
Moreover, he emphasized
that the function of the nurse
is to be with patients in their
pursuit of their health goals
and desires through caring
and intentional
relationships.
Environment centers mainly
on the technological world.
Technology use allows
greater insights of the whole
state of health. Competence
in technological knowledge
allows for continual
movement between tasks
and improved presence with
patients through mastery.
Technology and machine
skill competence is only a
tool to optimal patient care
and the focus of care is the
person as a whole.
Health is the “enhancing of
personhood,” allowing each
person to develop and
progress moment to
moment. It is important to
avoid considering persons as
existing with a “box of
predicted conditions”
needing to be fixed; rather,
each person is unique and
individual, and the
definition of health varies
from person to person
depending on their hopes
and desires.
A human being is that of a
“whole” person, complete in
the moment and continually
growing, changing in
response to unique personal
conditions, and experiences.
He believes that a person is
appreciated through his or
her component parts,
including sensory data about
a person obtained through
technology. However, one of
the potential risks of the use
of technology in nursing is
that by its very nature,
technology requires a
deconstructionist or
reductionist perspective of
human beings as mere parts
or objects. Meaning, it is
easy for nurses to fall into
the practice of
objectification of persons
and considering nursing as
merely the completion of
tasks.
A person is believed to be
more than just a sum of his
parts. He is considered
whole whether sick or not.
The nurse’s role is to fully
know the patient with the
use of technology; and that
information from
technology use is utilized to
care for the patient and not
to complete tasks. As Locsin
(2001) stated, “Nurses have
always used techniques and
tools in meaningful ways to
achieve valued ends” (as
cited in Brodell, 2009).
Carolina S. CASAGRA CASAGRA transformative
Agravante Transformative leadership is a
Leadership Model psycho-spiritual model and
was an effective means for
faculty to become better
teachers and
- - - - servant-leaders.The
CASAGRA
servant-leadership formula
is an effective modality in
enhancing the nursing
faculty's servant-leadership
behavior.
Carmelita C. Composure Model Determine the effects of the
Divinagracia composure behavior of the
advanced nurse practitioner
- - - -
on the wellness outcome of
selected cardiac patients

Sister Letty Retirement and In Kuan’s theory of

G. Kuan Role Discontinuities retirement and role
Model discontinuities, she values
the effect of retirement as a
phase of one’s life and its
accompanying adjustments.
- - - -
She identified the
determinants of positive
perceptions in retirement
and positive reactions
toward role discontinuities.
Carmencita Prepare Me Holistic PREPARE ME (Holistic
M. Abaquin Nursing Nursing Interventions) are
Interventions the nursing interventions
provided to address the
multi-dimensional problems
of cancer patients that can
- - - -
be given in any setting
where patients choose to be
confined. This program
emphasizes a holistic
approach to nursing care

Cecilia Theory of Nursing The nurse can help the

Laurente Practice and Career patient through their support
Synchronicity in system, which is the family.
Human-Space-Time This is by strengthening the
: A Theory of family's knowledge, skills,
Nursing and attitude.
Engagement in
Global Community

Abraham Hierarchy of Needs There are 5 levels:

Maslow Theory Physiological, Safety,
Belongingness, Esteem, and
Self-Actualization. A person
- - - - should meet the first level
before moving into another.
Also, this is used to guide
nurses on who to prioritize.
Harry Stack Transactional The purpose of all behavior
Sullivan Analysis is to get needs met through
interpersonal interactions
and decrease or avoid
anxiety. There 6 stages of
- - - - interpersonal development:
Infancy, Childhood, Juvenile
Era, Pre-adolescence, Early
Adolescence, and Late
Adolescence.

Ludwig Von General Systems Ludwig von Bertalanffy first

Bertalanffy Theory proposed it under the name
"general system theory." All
systems investigated by
physicists were closed,
- - - -
according to von
Bertalanffy: they do not
engage with the outside
environment.

Kurt Lewin Change Theory He theorized a three-stage

model of change, the
Unfreezing-Change-Refreez
e Model. People grow and
change throughout their
- - - -
lives, it involves
modification or alteration
and it may be planned or
not.

Sigmund Psychosexual Patient’s personality is

Freud Theory of strongly influenced by
Development childhood experiences. By
considering conscious and
- - - -
unconscious influences, a
nurse can identify and begin
to think about the root
causes of patient suffering.
Erik Erikson Stages of There are 8 stages of the life
Psychological cycle: Infancy, Early
Development Childhood, Play Age,
School Age, Adolescence,
Early Adulthood,
Adulthood, and Old age.
This helps in analyzing a
patient’s symptomatic
behavior in the context of
traumatic past experiences
and struggles with current
developmental tasks.

Jean Piaget Cognitive Nursing theory development
Development is characterized by nursing's
unique perspective: a
distinct focus of the
discipline of nursing.
He believed that children
create knowledge through
interactions with the
environment. The child
derives much fulfillment in
this, and hence, his
self-learning is motivated.
The environment provides
children with endless
opportunities to learn.
Piaget's stage theory
describes the cognitive
development of children.
Cognitive development
involves changes in
cognitive process and
abilities.In Piaget's view,
early cognitive development
involves processes based
upon actions and later
progresses to changes in
mental operations.
Jean Piaget's theory of
cognitive development
suggests that children move
through four different stages
of mental development. His
theory focuses not only on
understanding how children
acquire knowledge, but also
on understanding the nature
of intelligence.
Piaget's theory of cognitive
development is a
comprehensive theory about
the nature and development
of human intelligence. It
was originated by the Swiss
developmental psychologist.
The theory deals with the
nature of knowledge itself
and how humans gradually
come to acquire, construct,
and use it

Lawrence Theory of Moral Refers to the capacity of the

Kohlberg Development individual to act in accord
with conscience and moral
imperatives rather than
egocentric values. "As
judgments of value, as
- - - -
social judgments, and as
judgments that oblige an
individual to take action".
 OWN THEORY
Angel Grace A Helping Hand Nursing is about lending a It is all external factors that It is accessed if someone It is an individual who can This theory indicates that
Galamay Theory helping hand on every surround the person. It is needs assistance. It is in care for themselves or are nurses are willing to lend
individual who can't care for where the person lives. continuum from healthy to dependent from others. assistance to every
themselves and/or has Also, it either affects the illness individual who needs help
limitations in providing patient positively or or care. In helping, the
self-care. negatively. physical, mental, emotional,
spiritual, and socio-cultural
aspects of the patient should
not be a reason to not treat
or assist him/her. Every
individual is given equal
care and respected the same
way from others.