Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The enthalpy of combustion of ethanol is determined by heating a known mass of tap water in a glass
beaker with a flame of burning ethanol.
Which will lead to the greatest error in the final result?
A. Assuming the density of tap water is 1.0 g cm−3
B. Assuming all the energy from the combustion will heat the water
C. Assuming the specific heat capacity of the tap water is 4.18 J g−1 K−1
D. Assuming the specific heat capacity of the beaker is negligible
3. A 5.00 g sample of a substance was heated from 25.0 °C to 35.0 °C using 2.00×102 J of energy. What is
the specific heat capacity of the substance in Jg−1K−1?
A. 4.00×10−3
B. 2.50×10−1
C. 2.00
D. 4.00
1
C. (–x + y)
2
1
D. (x – y)
2
6. A student measured the temperature of a reaction mixture over time using a temperature probe. By
considering the graph, which of the following deductions can be made?
3H2 (g) + N2 (g) ⇌⇌ 2NH3 (g)
A. CH4(g)+2O2(g)→CO2(g)+2H2O(g)
B. HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)→NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)
C. CaCO3(s)→CaO(s)+CO2(g)
D. H2O(g)→H2O(l)
9. Why is the value of the enthalpy change of this reaction calculated from bond enthalpy data less accurate
than that calculated from standard enthalpies of formation?
11. A simple calorimeter was set up to determine the enthalpy change occurring when one mole of ethanol is
combusted. The experimental value was found to be −867 kJmol−1. The Data Booklet value
is −1367 kJmol−1 (at 298 K and 1.01×105 Pa).
During the experiment some black soot formed.
Which statements are correct?
I. The percentage error for the experiment can be calculated as follows:
(1367−867)×100%
II. The difference between the two values may be due to heat loss to the surroundings.
III. The black soot suggests that incomplete combustion occurred.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
12. Which describes the reaction shown in the potential energy profile?
A. The reaction is endothermic and the products have greater enthalpy than the reactants.
B. The reaction is endothermic and the reactants have greater enthalpy than the products.
C. The reaction is exothermic and the products have greater enthalpy than the reactants.
D. The reaction is exothermic and the reactants have greater enthalpy than the products.
1
Cu2O(s)+ O2(g)→2CuO(s) ΔHΘ=−144 kJ
2
Cu2O(s)→Cu(s)+CuO(s) ΔHΘ=+11 kJ
What is the value of ΔHΘΔHΘ, in kJ, for this reaction?
1
Cu(s)+ O2(g)→CuO(s)
2
A. −144+11
B. +144−11
C. −144−11
D. +144+11
2NO2(g)→2NO(g)+O2(g) ΔHΘ=+112 kJ
N2(g)+2O2(g)→2NO2(g)
A. −1×(+180)+−1×(+112)
B. −1×(+180)+1×(+112)
C. 1×(+180)+−1×(+112)
D. 1×(+180)+1×(+112)
16. Which combination is correct for the exothermic reaction that occurs between zinc and copper sulfate
solution.
C
17. Some water is heated using the heat produced by the combustion of magnesium metal. Which values are
needed to calculate the enthalpy change of reaction?
I. The mass of magnesium
II. The mass of the water
III. The change in temperature of the water
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
A. The reactants are less stable than the products and the reaction is exothermic.
B. The reactants are less stable than the products and the reaction is endothermic.
C. The reactants are more stable than the products and the reaction is exothermic.
D. The reactants are more stable than the products and the reaction is endothermic.
19. Identical pieces of magnesium are added to two beakers, A and B, containing hydrochloric acid. Both acids
have the same initial temperature but their volumes and concentrations differ.
Two 100 cm3 aqueous solutions, one containing 0.010 mol NaOH and the other 0.010 mol HCl, are at the same
temperature.
When the two solutions are mixed the temperature rises by y °C.
Assume the density of the final solution is 1.00 g cm−3.
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J g−1 K−1
What is the enthalpy change of neutralization in kJ mol−1?
A. 200×4.18×y / 1000×0.020
B. 200×4.18×y / 1000×0.010
C. 100×4.18×y / 1000×0.010
D. 200×4.18×(y+273) / 1000×0.010
22. What can be deduced from the facts that ozone absorbs UV radiation in the region of 340 nm and molecular
oxygen in the region of 242 nm?
A. The bond between atoms in molecular oxygen is a double bond.
B. The bonds in ozone are delocalized.
C. The bonds between atoms in ozone are stronger than those in molecular oxygen.
D. The bonds between atoms in molecular oxygen need more energy to break.
The specific heat of iron is 0.450 Jg−1K−1. What is the energy, in J, needed to increase the temperature of 50.0 g of
iron by 20.0 K?
A. 9.00
B. 22.5
C. 45.0
D. 450
25. What is the value of ΔHΔH for the exothermic reaction represented by the diagram below?
A. y−z
B. z−y
C. x−z
D. z−x
26. In a reaction that occurs in 50 g of aqueous solution, the temperature of the reaction mixture increases by 20
°C. If 0.10 mol of the limiting reagent is consumed, what is the enthalpy change (in kJmol−1kJmol−1) for
the reaction? Assume the specific heat capacity of the solution =4.2kJ−1K−1=4.2kJ−1K−1.
A. 0.10×50×4.2×20
B. −0.10×0.050×4.2×20
C. −50×4.2×20 / 0.10
D. −0.050×4.2×20 / 0.10
27. What is the temperature rise when 2100 J of energy is supplied to 100 g of water? (Specific heat capacity of
water =4.2 Jg−1K−1.)
A. 5 °C
B. 278 K
C. 0.2 °C
D. 20 °C
28. Which statement is correct given the enthalpy level diagram below?
A. The reaction is endothermic and the products are more thermodynamically stable than the reactants.
B. The reaction is exothermic and the products are more thermodynamically stable than the reactants.
C. The reaction is endothermic and the reactants are more thermodynamically stable than the products.
D. The reaction is exothermic and the reactants are more thermodynamically stable than the products.
I. CH4+2O2→CO2+2H2O
II. NaOH+HCl→NaCl+H2O
III. Br2→2Br
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
30. The specific heat capacities of two substances are given in the table below.
[1]
.
31. The enthalpy changes of three reactions are given below.
2HCOOH(l)+O2(g)→2CO2(g)+2H2O(l) ΔH=a
C2H5OH(l)+3O2(g)→2CO2(g)+3H2O(l) ΔH=b
2HCOOC2H5(l)+7O2(g)→6CO2(g)+6H2O(l) ΔH=c
HCOOH(l)+C2H5OH(l)→HCOOC2H5(l)+H2O(l)
A. a+b+c
B. a+2b−ca
1
C. a+b+12c
2
1 1
D. a+b− c
2 2
[1]
1
B. [2 × (−394) + 4 × (−286) −2 × (−333)]
2
C. 2 × (−394) + 4 × (−286) −2 × (−333)
1
D. [2 × (−333) −2 × (−394) −4 × (−286)]
2
33. Which is correct about energy changes during bond breaking and bond formation?
C
A. H2O2 < O2 < O3
B. H2O2 < O3 < O2
C. O2 < O3 < H2O2
D. O3 < H2O2 < O2
A. CO2(s) → CO2(g)
B. H2O(l) → H2O(g)
C. NH3(g) → NH3(l)
D. Fe(s) → Fe(l)
38. Which expression gives the mass, in g, of ethanol required to produce 683.5 kJ of heat upon complete
combustion?
C(s)+O2(g)→CO2(g) ΔHΘ=−390 kJ
1
H2(g)+ O2(g)→H2O(l) ΔHΘ=−286 kJ
2
CH4(g)+2O2(g)→CO2(g)+2H2O(l) ΔHΘ=−890 kJ
A. –214
B. –72
C. +72
D. +214
2C(s)+3H2(g)→C2H6(g)
A. [(−x)+(−y)]−(−z)
B. (−z)−[(−x)+(−y)]
C. [(−2x)+(−3y)]−(−z)
D. (−z)−[(−2x)+(−3y)]
41. Which equation represents the average bond enthalpy of the Si−H bond in SiH4?
A. SiH4(g)→SiH3(g)+H(g)
1 1
B. SiH4 (g) → Si(g) + H(g)
4 4
1
C. SiH4(g) → SiH3(g) + 12 H2(g)
2
D. SiH4 (g) → Si(g) + 4H(g)
42. In which reaction do the reactants have a lower potential energy than the products?
43. What is the energy, in kJ, released when 1.00 mol of carbon monoxide is burned according to the following
equation?
2CO(g)+O2(g)→2CO2(g) ΔHΘ=−564 kJ
A. 141
B. 282
C. 564
D. 1128
44. Which statements are correct for an exothermic reaction?
I. The products are more stable than the reactants.
45. When 100 cm3 of 1.0 moldm−3 HCl is mixed with 100 cm3 of 1.0 moldm−3 NaOH, the temperature of
the resulting solution increases by 5.0 °C. What will be the temperature change, in °C, when 50 cm3 of
these two solutions are mixed?
A. 2.5
B. 5.0
C. 10
D. 20
CaO(s)+CO2(g)→CaCO3(s)
A. y−0.5x
B. y−x
C. 0.5−y
D. x−y
47. Which processes have a negative enthalpy change?
I. 2CH3OH(l)+3O2(g)→2CO2(g)+4H2O(l)
II. HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)→NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)
III. H2O(g)→H2O(l)
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
48. When some solid barium hydroxide and solid ammonium thiosulfate were reacted together, the temperature
of the surroundings was observed to decrease from 15 °C to –4 °C. What can be deduced from this
observation?
49. At 25 °C, 200 cm3 of 1.0 moldm−3 nitric acid is added to 5.0 g of magnesium powder. If the experiment is
repeated using the same mass of magnesium powder, which conditions will result in the same initial reaction
rate?
D
50. When four moles of aluminium and four moles of iron combine with oxygen to form their oxides, the enthalpy
changes are –3338 kJ and –1644 kJ respectively.
4Al(s)+3O2(g)→2Al2O3(s) ΔH=−3338 kJ
4Fe(s)+3O2(g)→2Fe2O3(s) ΔH=−1644 kJ
What is the enthalpy change, in kJ, for the reduction of one mole of iron(III) oxide by aluminium?
Fe2O3(s)+2Al(s)→2Fe(s)+Al2O3(s)
A. +1694
B. +847
C. −847
D. −1694
I. CH3CH2CH3(g)+5O2(g)→3CO2(g)+4H2O(g)
II. Cl2(g)→2Cl(g)
III. CH3CH2COOH(aq)+NaOH(aq)→CH3CH2COONa(aq)+H2O(l)
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
52. Which combination is correct for the standard enthalpy change of neutralization?
53. The table shows information about temperature increases when an acid and an alkali are mixed.
What is the value of yy?
1
A. x
2
B. x
C. 2x
D. 4x
I. CH3COOH(aq)+NaOH(aq)→CH3COONa(aq)+H2O(l)
II. 2C(s)+O2(g)→2CO(g)
III. C(s)+O2(g)→CO2(g)
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
56. Which combination is correct about the energy changes during bond breaking and bond formation?
C
57. The specific heat capacity of aluminium is 0.900 Jg−1K−1. What is the heat energy change, in J, when 10.0
g of aluminium is heated and its temperature increases from 15.0 °C to 35.0 °C?
A. +180
B. +315
C. +1800
D. +2637
58. The standard enthalpy changes for the combustion of carbon and carbon monoxide are shown below.
C(s)+O2(g)→CO2(g) ΔHΘc=−394 kJmol−1
1
CO(g)+ O2(g)→CO2(g) ΔHΘc=−283 kJmol−1
2
What is the standard enthalpy change, in kJ, for the following reaction?
1
C(s)+ O2(g)→CO(g)
2
A. –677
B. –111
C. +111
D. +677
59. Which is true for a chemical reaction in which the products have a higher enthalpy than the reactants?
A
60. Which statement is correct for the enthalpy level diagram shown?
A. The reaction is exothermic and the products are more stable than the reactants.
B. The reaction is exothermic and the sign of the enthalpy change is positive.
C. The reaction is endothermic and the sign of the enthalpy change is negative.
D. The reaction is endothermic and the products are more stable than the reactants.
61. Which statement is correct for the reaction with this enthalpy level diagram?
A. Heat energy is released during the reaction and the reactants are more stable than the products.
B. Heat energy is absorbed during the reaction and the reactants are more stable than the products.
C. Heat energy is released during the reaction and the products are more stable than the reactants.
D. Heat energy is absorbed during the reaction and the products are more stable than the reactants.
62. Which equation corresponds to the bond enthalpy of the H–I bond?
1 1
A. HI(g)→ H2(g)+ I2(g)
2 2
1 1
B. HI(g)→ H2(g)+ I2(s)
2 2
C. HI(g)→H+(g)+I−(g)
D. HI(g)→H(g)+I(g)
1
2Fe(s)+1 O2(g)→Fe2O3(s) ΔHΘ=x
2
1
CO(g)+ O2(g)→CO2(g) ΔHΘ=y
2
What is the enthalpy change of the reaction below?
Fe2O3(s)+3CO(g)→3CO2(g)+2Fe(s)
A. 3y−x
B. 3y+x
C. −3y−x
D. −3y+x
64. Use the average bond enthalpies below to calculate the enthalpy change, in kJ, for the following reaction.
H2(g)+I2(g)→2HI(g))
A. +290
B. +10
C. –10
D. –290
65. The enthalpy change for the reaction between zinc metal and copper(II) sulfate solution is 217 kJmol−1.
Which statement about this reaction is correct?
A. The reaction is endothermic and the temperature of the reaction mixture initially rises.
B. The reaction is endothermic and the temperature of the reaction mixture initially drops.
C. The reaction is exothermic and the temperature of the reaction mixture initially rises.
D. The reaction is exothermic and the temperature of the reaction mixture initially drops.
N2(g)+2H2(g)→N2H4(l) ΔHΘ=+50.6 kJmol−1
N2H4(l)→N2H4(g) ΔHΘ=+44.8 kJmol−1
What is ΔHΘ, in kJ, for the following reaction?
N2(g)+2H2(g)→N2H4(g)
A. −95.4
B. −5.80
C. +5.80
D. +95.4
67. Which expression gives the enthalpy change, ΔH, for the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate?
I. N2(g)+3H2(g)→2NH3(g)
II. C2H5OH(l)+3O2(g)→2CO2(g)+3H2O
III. CH4(g)+Cl2(g)→CH3Cl(g)+HCl(g)
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
69. What is the enthalpy of formation of ethyne, in kJmol−1, represented by the arrow Y on the diagram?
A. −788−286+1301
B. −788−286−1301
C. +788+286−1301
D. +788+286+1301
70. The C=N bond has a bond length of 130 pm and an average bond enthalpy of 615kJmol-1. Which values
would be most likely for the C-N bond?
A