GATE TUTORIAL: ADVANCE SPINNING-3rd(AIR JET SPINNING)

FALSE TWISTING
strand A is held
Figure I demonstrates the principle of operation of false twisting. If a fiber
between them, this
firmly at two spaced points by clamps K and Kz and is twisted somewhere
element (1).
strand always takes up the same number of turns of twist before and after the twist
the example in
However, these turns have opposing directions of twist, which are represented in

Figure lA as Z-twist on the right and S-twist on the left. If the clamps replaced by rotating
are
while
cylinders (Z1 Z2 in Figure 1B) and the yarn is allowed to pass
and through the cylinders
and is different from the case
twist is being imparted, the result is governed by the false-twist law
the section (b) already
of the stationary yarns, as previously assumed. A moving yarn entering ofZ
illustrated (B), there are turns
has turns of twist imparted in section (a). In the example
tWist.
hand section, this simply means that
As the twist element is generating turns of S twist in the left
turn of S twist imparted
first section (a) is canceled by a
each turn of the Z twist imparted in the element
between the twisting
second section (b). The fiber strand thus never has any twist
in the between the
false-twist assembly, turns of twist are present only
and the delivery cylinder. In a
in false-twist
element. This principle is exploited, for instance,
feed cylinders and the twisting
texturing.

Twisting
Figure 1: Principle of False
TWISTINGG:
YARN THROUGH FALSE
FASCIATED
fibres
consists of parallel
shown in Figure 2
yarn, as of same staple fibre
The idealized structure of the fascinated and core fibres
are composed

wrapper fibres.
The wrapper facilitate high
held together by this type of yarn
structures

real twist in the

core,
material. Since there is no

production rates

LOTUS ACADEMY
 E TSp INNING)
(AIR JJET
SPINNING-3"(AIR
ADVANCE

TUTORI
GATE
arouna

w r a p p e d

f i b e r s

u l a c e

r e f i b e r s p a r a l l e l

Cor

Yarn
Fasciated

Idealized
Structure
of
usina.
2: yarn the false
Figure
in the
production offascinated
involved
demonstrates the principle
Figure 3
twisting method.

EDGE FTBERS ARE

NOT FA1SE TWISTED

YARN
OF
WITH CORE
FALSE TWISTER

TWIST T R A N S F E R E N C E

EDGE FIBERS ARE AS CORE UNTWISTS

NOT FALSE TWISTED EDGE FIBERS WRAP
WITH CORE OF YARN AROUND TO PRODUCE
WRAPPER FIBERS

Figure 3: Principle of Production of Fasciated Yarn through False Twisting.

As already explained, the fibres
upstream of the false twister have twist which gels celle
with opposite
twist once passes false twister leading to no twist
it the Ca the fals
twister. If there are enough
edge fibres in the feed fibrous downstream Ol

get twisted with the core fibres assembly, then these edge f1b dono
upstream
untwisted after the false twister, these of the
wrappers falsehad
which no twist earlier, get wrapP
twister. core fibre
Hence, as the core around
the core fibres. This
produces fascinated yarn structure. Nere
lis
promoted by DuPont. These types of yarn strucu

LOTUS ACADEMY
 I
GATE TUTORIAL: ADVANCE SPINNING 3" (AIR JET SPINNING)
-

Edge fbres are not twisted into yarn

cone but produce wrapper fibres as
they pass through false twist unit

Yarn cone is twisted then untwisted

Drafting rollers To
False
winding
twist
unit
unit

commercial success.
DuPont system which did not get
Figure 4 shows the schematic of the

AIR-JET SPINNING

Tandem Jet Svstem and

fasciated yarn spinning,
is generally known as

technique of surface fiber wrapping and polyester-cotton/polyester

A second
which used to produce 100% polyester named after
the commercial process,
or Murata jet spinning
(MJS,
referred to as air-jet spinning
viscose blends, is widely
Murata Co.).
the machine manufacturer,
unit, two compressed-air
3-over-3 high-speed roller drafting
consists of a build unit (see
This spinning system rollers, and a yarn package
in tandem, a paiY of take-up 6.
twisting jets arranged commercial design)
is illustrated in Figure
basic design of a jet (not a
The the ribbon
Figure 5). channel) through
which
channel (the spinning channel axis, but
is a central tubular Inclined to the spinning
As shown, there into
roller of the drafting unit passes. air is injected
from the front which compressed
issuing four nozzles through
circumfèrence,
are
the
1angential to vortex flow. of
create a components
he channel to channel has
two velocity
ne
into the and vz,
and expanding circumference,

entering channel
aCn compressed air jet of the air around the
inlet created by
V2 gives
motion the jet the
VI, a circular suction at taut within
rflow: The is not
the channel outlet. drafted ribbon
of the air to Provided the
OVement process.
of the spinning
Jtomatic up
threading

LOTUS ACADEMY
 JET PINNING
SPINNIN.

SPINNING
-3"(AIR
ADVANCE
action and a
aci
f a l s e - t w i s t

TUTORIAL:
GATE
r o t a t e s
it.
inducing
a
m o v e c m e n t
o r the twisted
ribbon
assIsts
flow V2
of
while
channel. the V1 component waveform)

standing
balloon (i.e.. a rotating rafting rollers is within
front draf
rollers to
through the channel.
of take-up Z-S
false-twi.twisting action, and a
ratio a
surface peed give
in jet I
to
Relerring to Figure 5. the is set up
Vortex
counterclockwise
0.9 to 1.0. A action.
an S-Z higher twisting vortes
ex.
clockwise vortex in jet 2 gives >> Pl: i.e.jet
2 has the

such that
P2
pressures applied to the
jets are

he

Air Jct Spinning

Slivct

Winding Unit

Aiu Jct 1

AirJet 2

(
Take-UpRoller

Yam Packag

Figure 5

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ACADEMY
 GATE TUTORIAL: ADVANCE
SPINNING-3rd (AIR JET SPINNING)
FrontRoller
Back
Roller

Middle First Nozzle N

Roller

wns Second Nozzle N

Front
Rolle
N2

Spin ing Tensjon

Figure 6

Although the jets impart false twist, while doing so they do not have a positive hold on the
ribbon being twisted. High-speed photographic studies have shown that the absence of a positive
hold enables S twist from jet 2 to propagate along the twisted ribbon and null the Z twist of jet 1,
line of the front rollers. As in ring spinning, a
leaving some S-twist to travel toward the nip
spinning triangle will form just below the nip line of the front roller.
The line tends to keep the edge fibers of the spinning triangle from
ballooning of the thread
fibers that subsequently form the yarn core.
being twisted together with the main bulk of
Consequently, the leading ends of the edge fibers are not controlled by the S-twist propagating
from jet 2, and they are free to move with the vortex of jet 1, in the opposite direction (Z-

to the twist in the The vortex of jet 1 is therefore able to wrap the edge fibers
direction) core.

around the twisted core of fibers.

LOTUS ACADEMY
 RIAL: ADVANCE SPINNING -3" (AlR JET
SPINNIN-
STRENGTH OF THE AIR JET SPINNING YARN

Red Edge Fibres

Since "edge fibers" are oon Blue Core Fibres
the outsidetheir number is
not
dependent on count

Figure 7: Disposition of Edge fibres in Fasciated Yarn.

The
tenacity of the
fascinated yarns spun with air jet
are weaker than the finer depend on the yarn count. The coarser
yarns for the sanme fibre yar-
produced with finer fibres show type. Contrary to the
lower tenacity expectation, yarm
fibres. compared to the yarns produced with coars=
The reason for the
above observations is that
the amount of the strength of the
wrapper fibres and the fascinated yarns is derived fror
ultimately get converted into wrapperintensity
fibres.
of wrapping. The edge fibres are the ones whic
surface of the yarn and are The numbers of
independent of the
edge fibres are limited to the
number of fibres in the core
as shown in Figure 7

H Length

This leads to reduction in the

LOTUS
of wrap is

Figure 8 Extend of
In case of finer fibres, the numbe
shorter for coarser

Wrapping
of core fibres
proporti of
in Fine and

increase but the

yarns

Coarse Yarns

edge fibres, which in edge fibres rema

ACADEMY
Red Edge Fibres

Blue Core Fibres

emains
-

turn reduces the

constant.
lateral stress
 GATE rUTORIAL:
ADVANCE SPINNING-3rd
(AIR JET SPINNING)
brought in by the
wrapper fibres. This results in
coarser yarns, decrease in yarn
in addition to
having lesser proportion of strength. Again in case ol
also less as shown in
Figure 8 as compared to finer wrapper fibres, the intensity of wrapping
yarns.
Important Points
>Pressure of airjet in nozzle NI <
pressure of airjet in nozzle N2
Nozzle NI> not influence core fibres
Fibre migration ring airjet
Packing fraction airjet ring> rotor

Tensile properties ring>airjet

(Because straight and bundle of core fibres held together by irregular wrapping of edge fibres)

Abrasion resistance airjet ring

I f First nozzle pressure increases

Tenacity 1
Breaking extensionf
Wrapper fibres
Yarn Flexural Rigidityt
Yarn Irregularityt
Imperfection

I f Second nozzle pressure increases

Yarn Tenacity f
Breaking Extensiont
Flexural Rigidityt
No Change in Imperfection

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