32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 39

39 GEOLOGICAL TIMESCALE
SCHEMATIC MAXIMUM TECTONIC PLATE
(Gradstein and Ogg, 1996) FLOODING MARGIN
T LITHOLOGY SURFACE (MFS) MEGASEQUENCE (Date)
UL OUTCROP AREAS
Sub-era
Age
FA Zagros fold belt
Era Period Epoch and/or Stage
(Ma) West Preservation and DEVELOPMENT
I AN
Sub-Period East 1 2 3 W N E S

L Fold anticlinal trend (AP5 - AP11 not distinguished);

Quaternary or Holocene

TO
Pleistogene 0.01
Lake Tertiary volcanics Pleistocene
Final closure of Neo-Tethys-

PM
1.8
NA
Placenzian
Pliocene 3.6
A Van limit of Zagros folding Zanciian 5.3
Zagros folding and thrusting
ST FAULTS Messinian 7.1
38
EA Red Sea rifting
Tortonian
AP11

CENOZOIC
NEOGENE 11.2

ACTIVE MARGIN
Caspian Sea
Serravaltian 14.8
Miocene
38 AP10 - AP11 Normal Zagros mountain front Langhian
Burdigalian
16.4
20.5
Yemen (Aden) Volcanics
Aquitanian
TURKEY Sahaban
Kurkan Kayakoy Selmo
Reverse
23.8
Oligocene
Chattian
Rupelian
23.8
28.5
33.7
34
Garzan Boundary between stable and PALAE-
Priabonian 37.0
Beykan Silivanka AP5 - AP9 Eocene
Bartonian 41.3
Cessation of ophiolite obduction

E ZO N
E West Kayakoy Celikli
Strike-slip unstable shelf domains in the OGENE Lutetian 49.0 AP10
BITLIS SUTUR
Diyarbakir Germik Kurtalan
Ypresian 54.8 Rapid subsidence
Magrip Mesozoic 65
Palaeocene Thanetian
Danian
61.0
65.0
63
West Raman Maastrichtian 71.3 Ophiolite obduction and
Raman
Dincer Guney Ulayyan
AP1 - AP4 Regional
Campanian
Santonian
83.5 foredeeps on northeast margin,
localized uplifts
37
Continental shelf,
85.8
FOO Coniacian AP9 92
THIL structural axis 89.0

37
Turonian

GH
Kozluca Bati Karatchok L BE continental margin, CRETACEOUS Cenomanian
93.5

LT Precambrian Albian
98.9
Passive margins on northwest,
MARDIN HIGH

PASSIVE
HI

MARGIN
112.2
Ikiztepe
suture zones ocean basin Aptian
121.0 northeast and southeast

N
Barremian

S
Zurabeh Lelac Derik 127.0 margins of Arabian Plate

BE
Basement uplifts K
Hautervian

OU
132.0
Valanginian
137.0 AP8

RA
Kahtaniyeh Berriasian

AN
144.2
Kotbah Mushorah Basement Quaternary-aged Tithonian
144.2 149

MESOZOIC
150.7

UG
Rumailan Badran Kimmeridgian
Yemen rifts, Indian Ocean

AM
AL Kirbah Sulay
Ain Zalah terranes Infracambrian salt mid-ocean ridges and
Oxfordian
Callovian
154.1
159.4 rifting. Intra-shelf basins
164.4
36

S
FU Sheikh Suwaidiyah outcrops (Zagros) transform faults JURASSIC
Bathonian 169.2 AP7

RA
Mansour Al Hol Butmah Bajocian 176.5
RA

AB
Aalenian
Alan 180.1 182

KA
36
Toarcian
Sasan Atshan
T 189.6

BA
Sheikh Jeribe Pliensbachian
FA AP10 J 195.3 Onset of Mediterranean rifting
Speculative
Sulaiman Sinemurian 201.9
Boundary (approx.) between

FA
UL Tishreen Ghouna Al Aounat Ibrahim Mosul 205.7
Hettangian
205.7
Infra-cambrian
Rhaetian

UL
T Salhieh Hasw Adaiyah
Qalian
AP11 oceanic crust of different Norian
209.6
220.7

T
Back-arc rifting (north Arabia)
SINJAR Al Jubaissah
Gbeibe
Qasah salt limit megasequence age TRIASSIC
Carnian
Ladinian
227.4
234.3
Jawan Khurmala Anisian
TROUGH Margada Najmah Dome Taqtaq
241.7
AP6
An Nishan Mityaha Qaiyarah Tr Scythian
Spathian -

Ophiolite and Ophiolitic

Griesbachian
ALEPPO Sfaiyeh Derro KIRKUK EMBAYMENT

POSSIBLE
248.2
Plate vector absolute
248.2
Neo-Tethys opening - Passive
HIGH
Ammala
Wahab
El Isbah 0.6 cm/yr Bai Hassan
Melange (Mesozoic) 2.6 cm/yr Teheran
Tatarian Margin subsidence 35
El Mahash
Atallah North Sadid
Qara Chauq
Kirkuk Chemchemal
motion in cm/year Kazanian
252.1
255
35 Nicosia Habbari
Al Kharrata East
Deir Z1 Jafra
Ghawari Yimken Khabbaz Kirkuk PERMIAN Ufimian
256.0 Continental rifting on
CYPRUS
Kungurian
Thayyem Sijan Rasein
Khanuqah Oil field Gas field 1.2 cm/yr Spreading axis P
Artinskian
Sakmarian
260.0
269.0
northeast margin
AP5
Ash Shola Azraq
Omar N. Makhul Jambur half-rate in cm/year 290
Asselian
282.0
290.0
G3 Late Carboniferous/
(Oil and gas fields from IHS Energy Group)

AFGHANISTAN
Alanfal Early Permian glaciation 295
PALMYRA EUPHRATES
Omar Maleh
Galban KHLEISSIA Stephanian
Hamrin

Pennsylvanian
ZONE GRABEN GLACIATION Infill of post "Hercynian"
Younes HIGH Line of regional chrono- topography
Tanak
A A'
Pulkhana 305.0
Shdeha Abu Hardan Saddam
Sarhit Judaida
Chia Surkh IM stratigraphic section Westphalian "Hercynian Orogeny" 34
BR

CARBONIFEROUS

BACK-ARC
Al Ahmar Tikrit Qamar I (Enclosure 2)
34 SYRIA Hammar
Al Ashayer-1
Gilabat
CA
TE 315.0
Onset of compression, uplift
and plate rotation
Injana D
LEBANON Akash ANAH GRABEN LI
M
Khashm
Al Ahmar Jaria Pika
ZO
NE Namurian AP4
Mediterranean Sea Beirut IT Nau Duman

AB SUTURE

Mississippian
O
A F
Naft Khaneh

U
327.0

AP7 Balad ZA Naft-e-Shah Back-arc rifting and basaltic

JIR
LURESTAN volcanics (north Arabia)
Damascus G Visean
T

RO 33
UL

ZO
Tang-e- Bijar Initiation of subduction beneath
S C 342.0

PALAEOZOIC
FA

Hjleylan

NE
Baghdad Tournaisian northeast Gondwana margin in
33 FO 354 354.0 Early Carboniferous 364
R ANSFORM

PRE-CRETACEOUS Late
RUTBAH
OUTCROP
LD Veyzenhar
Middle
370.0
Gondwana Passive Margin
HIGH Baghdad
IN Kabir Kuh Sarkan
"S DEVONIAN 391.0
G Maleh Kuh AN D Early
DROUZ Badrah Halush AN 417 Pridoli
417.0

DA
419.0
PLATEAU Marajan Ludlow AP3
Kuh-e-Samand J -S
423.0
SEA T

1.2 cm/yr Qal 'Eh Nar

TREND
SILURIAN Wenlock
Delhuran Lab-e-Sefid
IR 428.0 32
Kabud
JA S
32 JORDAN Danan Dalpari Palangan N
ZO
Llandovery First-order post-glacial
sea level rise
DEAD

Lali 443 443.0 445

Ahdab Cheshmeh
Tel Aviv Abu Ghirab Papileh MA NE G2

INTRA-CRATONIC
Amara Khosh Ashgill Marked sub-glacial erosion
Amman Karun
IN " during Late Ordovician
AZ

Fuqa Shakheh Zeloi

Jerusalem Kifl Rafidain Buzurgan ZA 449.0 Gondwana glaciation
RA

KHUZESTAN

ORDOVICIAN
Noor Paydar GR Gondwana Passive Margin
Q

Negra
Paydar West
Masjid-e-Suleyman OS Caradoc

ME
-S

327
Heletz-Brur Hamzeh IRAQ Gharraf Halfayah Ramin Naft Safid
Par-e-Siah
FA
Broad regional subsidence
around Arabian Plate margins
IR

Rifai
U 31

SO
458.0
LT

s)
HA

Ahwaz Haft Kel

Hakanaim O Ab-e-Teymour Llandeilo
AP2

HA'IL ARCH (Pre-Tertiary Axi

Z
31 IC Marun
N

Kidod Susangerd Rig 464.0

'UN Doudrou Subsidence event
GR

Zohar Nasiryah Mamatain Llanvirn

ST Jufeyr
Parsi O Arenig
470.0
AB

AB Kupal Bangestan Shurom 495 Tremadoc

485.0 Halokinesis in Oman
L ES Shadegan 495.0
EN

Majnoon Merioneth
HEL West Qurnah 505.0
Samawa F' Nahr Dorquain Agha
CAMBRIAN St. Davids
518.0 Peneplanation 520
Rumaila
Diwan North Umr Mansouri Ramshir Jari Karanj
Khaviz-1 Cm Caerfai
Uplift of Ara/Hormuz Salt Basins
ME Subba Mokhtar 545 545.0
SO Khayrabad
30

PROTEROZOIC
Ediacara Regional shearing, AP1
Z OI Rattawi Tuba
Pazanan
Rag-e-
Gach Sarem SINIAN Vendian
Varanger onset of Najd rifting
30 SINAI C (Gach Qaraghuli) c.610

POSSIBL
Luhais Safid
JAFR Salman ' Rumaila
South
Zubair
Garangan
Chillingar IM
Sturtian
G1 Accretion of micro-continents
Siba BR RIPHEAN
Hendijan Tangu 1 and arc terranes

ST
BASIN I BASEMENT
CA

AB
Rachi Safwan Zaqeh
North Darag
Kahf Siah TE

M A N GA N A K
Ratqa Umm Qasr-1 D 55 56 57 58 59 60
Gul

LE S
AL Abdali Makan Sulabedar ZO

KAZERUN FAULT
Sudr
ST-8 Bahrgansar
Raudhatain N
f of

E
Ras Matarma
Asl JA Ash-Shaham Sabiriyah Kilur Karim E
Bibi
W

HELF'
Hakimeh Rudak-Milaton
Sue

F Mutriba
GR Bahrah ? Binak Gulkhari 29
z

Nargesi
AB
KUWAIT
Zaafarana
29

L I NE
Ras Budran EN Abu Khaimah Medina
Abouzar
(Ardeshir)
N. October
"J" Abu Rudeis Khashman Kuwait City Dorood
Saadat Abad

A ME
October Sidri Dharif Riquah Soroush (Darius) Sarvestan

N
Belayim Marine Rugei Abduliyah (Cyrus)
a

Rahmi N.'Amer Ahmadi

I
Feiran Minagish
qab

AT

NT
'Amer
Belayim Land
ertiary Axis)

Issaran

LB
of A

West Bakr
Ras Fannar Burgan Dorra Bushgan
Abu Durba Umm Gudair Aghar

IA
Ras Gharib SG 300 GS 277 LL 87 Hout Esfandiar
El Khalig SB 294 Lulu
Gulf

Ramadan S. Ramadan South Wafra

? 28

AD
Kareem SB 305 Badri (315) Umm Gudair Foroozan Kuh-i-Mand Dalan
Umm El Yusr
El Ayun Morgan Nessim (336) GS 327
Zuluf (Fereidoon)

W
28 July
Shukheir
Shukheir Bay
Waly
(356)
SB 339
Younis (347)
Amal GS 345 SB 367
Midyan
Midyan Rimthan
Fuwaris Khafji
Marjan
?
Kuh-e-Kaki
IRAN
Terrane
Gamma GS (356) Sinai / GHM South FARS
HA'IL ARCH (T

Sidki (382, 373 & 381) GH 376 Lawhah

Gazwarina
Ras El Ush
Dibdibah Safaniya Hamur Hasbah Kangan
Shoab Ali
Ashrafi
Zeit Bay Barqan Ribyan Maharah
Ras El Bahar Hilal (GH 404)
Gemsa
T Sadawi Jauf
HORMUZ
EN
Geisum
Gemsa-Southest
Tawila Harqus
Suban Nar
M Manifa SALT BASIN North Pars Varavi
EA A
Esh El Mellaha
Sharar Namak
Karan
IN ra
East Esh El Habari
Mellaha Marine Wari'ah Kurayn Bandar Abbas Sarkhun 27
SUTURE

ZEN
b
West Assaluyeh Suru
L
Hurghada Juraybi'at
Watban
27 ia
H

Abu Hadriya Jana Jurayd Assaluyeh South

MA

DAN
Gashu
n ? Gavarzin
RU

El Haba
G

MAQALAH AANTICLINE

CH
Khursaniyah

FAU
Abu Sa'fah
Bakr Berri
ul

KHURAIS - BURGAN ANTICLINE

Salakh

AR
AR

Fadhili Pars
f

LT
Faridah Jaladi South
Dhib Qatif
Samin 2.6 cm/yr Henjam/ Bukha
Al-Rayyan Bukha West
26

LT
Al-Shaheen
Dammam 2

U
FA
26 BAHRAIN Balal Saleh

A
North
HORMUZ Baih

BB
Abqaiq Field (Bahram)
T
UL

DI
Jaham
Resalat SALT BASIN FA Mubarek Umm Al
Fazran Awali
Al-Khaleej
(Rakhsh)
? LF
Qaiwain
GU
Sirri E
TREND

Reshadat C D
AN
Maydan A
N a b it a h

EGYPT Najwat (Rostam)

BIFateh
Sharjah

R
Mahzam
Gulf
Najem A

QATA
'Ain Dar Salman Falah Sajaa
North Dome Bul Hanine
AR Hamidiyah
S-
(Sassan)
Shedgum Idd Al-Shargi
Abu AN
Fateh Southwest
Moveyeid
MAKRAN ACCRETIONARY PRISM 25
of
South Dome Juwaiza
Umluj
Al Bukhoosh
TR Dubai
HA

Rashid
25 Al Wajh S. AB Doha A-Structure North Kahaif
e

'Uthmaniyah El Bunduq Nasr Mandous

L
r

Dukhan Al-Karkara Umm Khubai

tu

AN
Oman
Shaif Bu Dana Margham
- ZAR Khurais
QATAR A-Structure South Belbazem
Su

E
GH Ghawar Umm Al

TICLIN
S u t ur e

AT Satah
Bu Haseer Dholou Khusub
MAKR
bu

FAU Arzanah Umm Al Zakum Umm Al Lulu A N SUB

LT
Qirdi Hawiyah Jarnain D U C T ION Z O N E
n

Abu Jifan Salsal Bin Nashef

Bu Jufair

LA AN
Umm Al
Ya

Umm C
Dalma Dalkh
Riyadh Al Anbar 3.9 cm/yr
Harmaliyah Sath Al
A Abu Dhabi 24
Ama

Farhah B Mubarras

EN NA
Manjurah Hair Dalma
Bu Tini Razboot Hail
24 Mazalij-24
Jafura
Neewat
Bu Labyad Jarn Yaphour

Hijaz Mazalij
Reem
Al Ghalan
Al Mutarib
AP 9
r Su

Haradh Shanayel Muscat

Terrane WADI AS SAHBA Sahba
Shuweihat
Bida Al
Qemzan
Al Dabbiya
Murban-
Rumaitha
Dilam T Ruwais
EN
Wudayhi Bab Arjan
tu r

Ghazal Tinat M Saih

NE
EA SHAH-ASAB

NC HA
Afif Terrane Hatat
Ar R

Lughfah
LIN
e

Sahil

LI
Waqr TREND Jebel Akhdar

SY AA
Abu Shidad
Raghib Shaden Niban
UB

L
Shiblah Tinat South
re JA Bu Hasa Asab
23

FA
Niban
Abu Rakiz Gezira Riqeah RE

G
u
ayn

23 ut Mulayh Shamah
Dafrah UNITED ARAB Haliba Safah AT E
Nabi

S Hilwah Marzuk
Huwaila Bu Qalla R S E M AIL O
q Khuzama Jawb EMIRATES PHIOLITE
Ter

Lekhwair
Mushash L-II-B Al Barakah

m Burmah Abu Markhah Qusahwira 2

rU
L1G
? Daleel
ta h

Nisalah
ra

Bi
Nuayyim 1 3
Mezoon
Maghrib Shah Dhulaima
ne

Natih W
Hawtah
Na Shutfah Zarrarah Shibkah
Red anic crusa)

Su

Hazmiyah Sabha Amad Mender MENDER- Maqhoul S Fahud W Natih M. Huraymah Baqlah

jd Jabel Madar
(ocem c. 6

Haban Suqtan
Ghinah Shaybah LEKHWAIR Fahud

22
fro

St
tur

Habiba
Umm Jurf North ARCH Thumayd

e rik Kidan Rasafah

tur
Layla Usaylah SAUDI ARABIA Yibal Khulud Qalah
e

22
S

BU HASA- Ramlah Fushaigah

u e- Maqhoul S

dS Arabian Shield
ea

Sl SHAYBAH Hareer

e ip
Burhaan
AXIS Al Huwaisah

am
Faydah Barakat

Sy South
Musallim Qarat Al Milh
M

lH
Saih Nihayda SE

MA
s Kidan
FAHUD Saih

So te Nihayda

IN SALT BASIN

RA
t

Ramlat Rawl

Nubian Shield
Tawf Dahm
m

GH
Ghaba N

AS
Saih Rawl

DI F
B
Alam
21

U
I Mabrouk Qarn Alam Habur

RO
Jeddah ? L

AUL
21 Mecca 80 HA
Mafraq

HT
Barik
km K

T ZO
Al Ghubar

AL

A
OMAN GHABA

SIR
r e B
RU

NE
SALT BASIN
utu

MA

LT
S 50

U
ir
Hazar

FA
Sahmah

C
ss km Anzauz
RM

AR
a Hazirah
O
ak SF
Zauliyah

QF
N N 20
Hawqa
RA
A'

HU
20

T
Maqtaa Wafra

AH
WESTERN RUB AL KHALI Suwaihat
Bahja

SIR
INFRACAMBRIAN BASINS Haima

12

MA
0k ?
Katheer

m
Fayyadh

Sayyala Nafoorah
Rajaa
Zareef
Mukhaizna
F'
Bahaa
AP 11

19
Sadad
L Ghufos

HE
AP

Mukhaizna S
10

Asir Terrane S Jawdah/Jalmud N

19 LE ' SOUTH OMAN

Nabitah Suture

AB F Shahin

ST EL SALT BASIN Aseel Jalmud N

SH
Rasha

Wajid ' UN L E Maha Rima

OIC
Runib

AB
Tannum

SUDAN
Salwa Thayfut

GH
? ST

GI N
OZ
Reihan

S ' Al Noor Nimr Saham

IC
Zahra

ME

HI
Nuham

AR
ZO
Ghazara Simsim
Anuq Nuwar

H
SO

NM
Runib S
?
Karim W Yasmeen
E FA
Amin Al Rhoda
Birba N
M ?

ER
Amin S Irad Warad Halal
AS
OmraanBirba
Maurid Amal
18
ST
Jadeer
0.8 cm/yr ? Nasir Waha Amal S/SE
KH

POSSIBLE Marmul Ihsan/Mawhood Naseem

WE
Tuqaa
18
Marmul NW Basma
Uqa Al Burj
SUTURE GHUDUN
Kaukab Durra
Marmul W
Saqr
Jisr Al Dhabi
AP 10

Wadi Haka Qata

TREND Zumurrud Thamoud
BASIN
-

Rahab Bayyinah
N
AP
11

Qarmous
DU

Rahab Qaharir
Dhiab
Thuleilat
HU

? Ghanuq
Kuria Muria Islands
G

Dhahaban S
CAMBRIAN
Amar ?

Jazal
DEFORMATION
ZONE

Mirbat
17
17 RCH ARC H
AM AUT A Q A RA
HADR
TH
NOR

AP
10
QAMAR AP
ERITREA Afi 11 16
M f Te JEZA TROUGH
16 ar rra
ib-
Sh ne
ab RAS
wa
Ba YEMEN FAR
TAK
sin H IGH
Meem Wadi Taribah Tasour Sunah NE
Raydan
Jabal Samadan Camaal N. Sunah Hemiar North 1.2 cm/yr
Hemiar
Tihama

Wadi Bana Azal As Ad Al-Kamil

E
Kharir
Camaal Hemiar S.
SAYUN- T SHEBA RIDGE 15

ZON
Ma'een Dostour
EAS
Dahban
15 Al-Tahreer Lam Alif
Al-Wadah Atuf NW Haru AL MASILA
Al-Wihdah Shaharah Heijah
Tawila BASIN
Sana'a

RE
Jabal Nuqum Halewah/
Mawza Sabatayn

CTU
West Ayad
HAJAR 2.1 cm/yr
Basin

Jabal Habah Al-Shura

Amal
BASIN MUKALLA
HIGH
34 35 36 37 38
FRA
ne

East Ayad
C
AR Sharmah
14
a

D
AN
Terr

EN

SL
14
TECTONIC ELEMENTS
I
LLA
OW

KA
d A da

A L MU
s

rc
an ay
Aba

14
OF THE ARABIAN PLATE hfid
Isl l-B

M a e
A

Al- erran
T
13
BALHAF
0 100 200 300 BASIN
1.0 cm/yr

Km 13 Arabian Sea
Aden
Scale: 1: 4,000,000 Socotra
12
12
IDGE
Arabian Plate Sequence Stratigraphy 12
ETHIOPIA W ES T S H E B A R
P.R. Sharland, R. Archer, D.M. Casey, R.B. Davies, DJIBOUTI Gulf of Aden
S.H. Hall, A.P. Heward, A.D. Horbury and M.D. Simmons (oceanic crust
from c.10 Ma) 11
11
13
Enclosure 1 SOMALIA
GeoArabia Special Publication 2, 2001 11 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58

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