Ee7ee?7@fa8d3b:7@73@63b3e76a@ +3DK @9F:7@F7D35F A@@7d9ka788 5 7@fe

EE7EE?7@FA8D3B:7@73@63B3E76A@
+3DK;@9F:7@F7D35F;A@@7D9KA788;5;7@FE

3E3@>D3<:;>E;D3<;
>75FD;53>@9;@77D;@97B3DF?7@F
A>>797A8@9;@77D;@93@6E>3?;5
D5:;F75FGD7
*??>CGD3*@;H7DE;FK
"3==3:(3G6;D34;3
=D3<:;GCG76GE3
% # BB>K;@9F:7)?7F:A6FA?A67>EF35=764;>3K7D9D3B:7@7

## E:77FEBDAH;67E3@7;97@H3>G7BDA4>7?F:3F53@47EA>H764K
## @G?7D;53>FAA>EEG5:3E")!):7D78AD7F:743@693B
$ # A8 4;>3K7D 9D3B:7@7 67B7@6E A@ E7H7D3> B3D3?7F7DE EG5: 3E
# ##
"
EF35=;@9FKB73BB>;53F;A@A87>75FD;53>8;7>63@6;@F7D35F;A@
# " 7@7D9K 5A788;5;7@F 0 1 55AD6;@9 FA 0
1 F:7 D7>3F;A@E:;B
! 47FI77@ F:7 ;@F7D35F;A@ A8 7@7D9K 5A788;5;7@FE 3?A@9 FIA

& 3FA?E;@F:7E3?7>3K7D3@66;EF3@57;E>;@73D3@6A@57F:7
! 6;EF3@57 ;@5D73E7E F:7 ;@F7D35F;A@ 47FI77@ F:7 7@7D9K
! 5A788;5;7@FE;EE;9@;8;53@F>K675D73E763@6H;57H7DE3
):;EB3B7DBD7E7@FE3@3EE7EE?7@F3@6EFG6KA89D3B:7@7

43@6 93BE 43E76 A@ H3DK;@9 ;@F7D35F;A@E A8 7@7D9K

5A788;5;7@FE 47FI77@ FIA >3K7DE >F:AG9: 9D3B:7@7 :3E
3>D736K 477@ EFG6;76 ;@ E7H7D3> IAD=E ;@ F:7 >;F7D3FGD7 3E
#)'$*)$# 9D3B:;F7 ?3F7D;3> AD ?G>F;>3K7D 9D3B:7@7 F:7 7JFD35F;A@ A8
D3B:7@747:3H7EB:KE;53>>K3E3FIA6;?7@E;A@3>?3F7D;3> A@7>3K7DA89D3B:7@7;E@AIBAEE;4>70 1):GEF:76;EF3@57
I:;5: ;E 3 E;@9>7 >3K7D A8 53D4A@ 3FA?E 0 1 ):7D78AD7 F:7 47FI77@9D3B:7@7>3K7DE53@475A@FDA>>76GE;@9G??7DTE
EF35=;@9 A8 9D3B:7@7 >3K7DE >736E FA F:7 8AD?3F;A@ A8 3 ?7F:A6I;F:35:7?;53>?3F7D;3>):7D78AD7F:7;@F7D35F;A@
9D3B:;F7?3F7D;3>>F:AG9:9D3B:7@7;EA@>K3F:;@5DKEF3>A8 7@7D9K5A788;5;7@FEI;>>H3DK43E76A@F:76;EF3@5747FI77@
53D4A@ 3FA?E ;F ;E EFDA@97D F:3@ EF77> 6G7 FA F:7+)1 4A@6 F:7 9D3B:7@7 >3K7DE ):7 ?3;@ 5A@FD;4GF;A@ A8 F:;E EFG6K ;E
47FI77@FIA53D4A@3FA?E0 1):78>7J;4;>;FKA89D3B:7@7TE F:3F;FE:AIEF:778875FA8F:76;EF3@5747FI77@F:7E75A@63@6
7>75FD;53>BDAB7DF;7E3@6;FEAF:7D7J57BF;A@3>5:3D35F7D;EF;5E F:;D6 9D3B:7@7 >3K7DE A@ F:7 43@6 93B ):;E B3B7D 3>EA
EG5: 3E :;9: 7>75FDA@ ?A4;>;FK :3H7 93D@7D76 E;9@;8;53@F ;@FDA6G57E 3 @AH7> ?7F:A6 FA FG@7 F:7 9D3B:7@7 43@6 93B
;@F7D7EF ;@ @3@AD7E73D5: 3D73E D3B:7@7 :3E H7DK :;9: 43E76 A@ 5:3@9;@9 F:7 ;@F7D>3K7D 6;EF3@57 "AD7AH7D F:;E
?A4;>;FK3@6F:78>7J;4;>;FKFA4735A?B>7J5A?BAG@60
1 B3B7D;@H7EF;93F7EFIAFKB7EA89D3B:7@7EF35=;@90 1
AI7H7DF:7?3;@6;E36H3@F397A8E;@9>7>3K7D9D3B:7@7;E 3@6 8AD FD;>3K7D 0 1 ;@3>>K F:7 EFG6K 5A?B3D7E F:7
F:3F;F:3E3L7DA43@693BF:7D78AD7;FEBD35F;53>3BB>;53F;A@ 78875FA@F:743@693B47FI77@F:7FIAFKB7EA8EF35=;@9
3E 3 EI;F5: 67H;57 ;E >;?;F76 01 ,:;>7 @G?7DAGE D7E73D5: ))##"$!'%#
EFG6;7E:3H73FF7?BF76FA676G573?7F:A6F:3FI;>>>736FA
AB7@;@9 3 43@6 93B ;@ 3 E;@9>7 >3K7D A8 9D3B:7@7 *E;@93FA?;5YAD4;F3>E>736EFA3ID;FF7@D7BD7E7@F3F;A@
010 10101 F:7;D D7EG>FE :3H7 E:AI@ BAAD ?A4;>;FK 3@6 A8F:73?;>FA@;3@?3FD;JF:7D78AD7;@5>G6;@9F:73FA?;5X
BAAD 5A@FDA> A8 9D3B:7@7 7697 EF3F7E 01 G7 FA F:7 AD4;F3>E;E@AF@757EE3DK;@F:73?;>FA@;3@?3FD;J4753GE7;F
6;E36H3@F397A8E;@9>7>3K7D9D3B:7@7F:75A@57BFA8GE;@9 ;E83D3I3K8DA?F:77D?;7@7D9K0 13EE:AI@;@;9
4;>3K7DADFD;>3K7D9D3B:7@7;EBD787D34>7;@F7D?EA835:;7H;@9 (A>H;@9 F:7 3?;>FA@;3@ ?3FD;J BDAH;67E F:7 7@7D9K
3 43@6 93B 47FI77@ F:7 5A@6G5F;A@ 3@6 H3>7@57 43@6E 7;97@H3>G7E 0 1 I:;5: 3D7 GE76 FA D7BD7E7@F F:7 ;@F7D@3>
8GDF:7D?AD7F:743@693B53@47FG@34>743@693BI;F: ;@F7D35F;A@ ;@ F:7 ?3F7D;3>E 0 1 7@57 F:7 7@7D9K H75FAD
?AD7 F:3@ A@7 >3K7D ;E A4F3;@76 EA F:3F F:7 ;@F7D>3K7D .;E38G@5F;A@A8F:7D75;BDA53>>3FF;57H75FAD 3EE:AI@
;@F7D35F;A@ 7@7D9;7E 3D7 D7EBA@E;4>7 8AD F:7 5A@6G5F;H;FK ;@C 0 1
3H;@9 @A ;@F7D35F;A@E A8 7@7D9K ?;9:F D7EG>F ;@ 3 L7DA YTQZ[
Z[ O PR
67@E;FKA8EF3F7E3FF:77D?;>7H7>01 Y
I:7D7PRTQ;EF:73?;>FA@;3@?3FD;J3@6Z[;EF:7I3H7
*E;@94;>3K7D9D3B:7@7F:3F;EE7B3D3F764K3H7DKF:;@>3K7D
H75FAD
A8 E;>;5A@ 53D4;67 0 1 I;>> BDAH;67 3 FG@34>7 43@6 93B H;3
):7 3?;>FA@;3@ ?3FD;J 53@ 47 8AG@6 4K GE;@9 F:7
5:3@9;@9F:73BB>;767>75FD;53>8;7>60 1):7D78AD7FAEFG6K
EG??3F;A@A8F:77@7D9K4;@6;@9B3D3?7F7DEF:3F3BB73D;@3
F:743@693BA84;>3K7D9D3B:7@7;F;E@757EE3DKFA3BB>K3
G@;F57>>3?A@9F:73FA?E3EE:AI@;@C
):7E;L7A8
@G?7D;53> ?7F:A6 FA 67F7D?;@7 ;FE H3>G7 EG5: 3E F:7 F;9:F
F:7
4;@6;@9)?7F:A6):7)?7F:A6;EGE76FA;67@F;8KF:7
43@6 93B A8 EA>;6E F:7D74K 67F7D?;@;@9 F:7 5DKEF3> I3H7
8G@5F;A@ I:;5: ;E 3 >;@73D 5A?4;@3F;A@ A8 3FA?;5 AD4;F3>E
0
1

!"# $$%!&' 878
Authorized licensed use limited to: University of Waterloo. Downloaded on November 07,2020 at 15:13:41 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

(5:7?3F;56;39D3?A8F:7H3>7@57AD4;F3>EA853D4A@3):7F:D77;@
B>3@7XEBJBKAD4;F3>E;@9D3B:7@73@6F:7YBLAD4;F3>B7DB7@6;5G>3D
FAF:7E:77F4):75ADD7EBA@6;@94A@6;@93@6F:73@F;4A@6;@9X43@6E3D7
E7B3D3F764K3>3D977@7D9K93BA8
7+0
1

;9D3B:7@77@7D9K6;EB7DE;A@8DA?YAD4;F3>E

;9
(5:7?3F;58>AI5:3DFFAE:AI3G@;F57>>%5A@@75F76FA;FE@7;9:4AD;@9
G@;F57>>E?0 1

3?;>FA@;3@ ?3FD;J ;E 7CG3> FA
#W
# I:7D7 # ;E 3 >3K7D
@G?47D;@6;@9F:77;97@H3>G7A8F:73?;>FA@;3@?3FD;J !3K7DAD;7@F3F;A@E;@4;>3K7D9D3B:7@7
BDAH;67EF:743@6EFDG5FGD7A8F:79D3B:7@7I:;5:;EF:7
D7>3F;A@E:;B X
K
K
K L S'C !== U ^'D !== _
K
PRYTQ O W\:9 ] Z78YZ6YF6YG[[ Z[ O K
K
K

K
9 K 1
L ^'D !== _

):7;@67JF7D?@;@:9 ;E5A@EF3@F8ADF:7G@;F57>>3@6F:7 $"#*&%"%$*("-&("#.( ('!%
;@67JF7D??67F7D?;@7EF:7@G?47DA8@7;9:4AD;@9G@;F57>>
;@F7D35F;A@E 3E E:AI@ ;@ ;9
3E76 A@ F:7 F:7AD7F;53> ):7G@;F57>>A84;>3K7DEF35=;@95A@E;EFEA88AGD3FA?E
F:7D78AD7EF35=;@95A@8;9GD3F;A@?73@EF:3F3@3FA?
53>5G>3F;A@ F:7 ;@F7D35F;A@ 7@7D9;7E 3?A@9 F:7 3FA?E 3D7
A@A@7E:77FA89D3B:7@7EF35=EB7D875F>KA@FABA83@AF:7D
38875F76 4K F:7 ;@F7D>3K7D 6;EF3@57 ):GE F:7 ;@F7D>3K7D
6;EF3@57 B>3KE 3@ ;?BADF3@F DA>7 ;@ 5:3@9;@9 F:7 7>75FDA@;5 3FA?A@F:7E75A@6E:77FA89D3B:7@7>F7D@3F;H7>K3@
BDAB7DF;7EA8F:79D3B:;F74;>3K7D9D3B:7@70
1 EF35=;@95A@8;9GD3F;A@?73@EF:3F3@3FA?EF35=EB7D875F>K
A@FABA833FA?3EE:AI@;@;9
"!)$##")'- E ?7@F;A@76 34AH7 F:7 3?;>FA@;3@ ?3FD;J E;L7 8AD
4;>3K7D 9D3B:7@7 ;E W ):7 7>7?7@FE A8 F:7 3?;>FA@;3@
):7 3?;>FA@;3@ ?3FD;J 7>7?7@F 5A@E;EFE A8 3 EFDG5FGD7 ?3FD;J 53@ 47 E77@ ;@ C 8AD EF35=;@9 I:7D7 F:7
H75FAD &Y? ?G>F;B>;76 4K F:7 ;@F7D35F;A@ 7@7D9;7E AD F:7 6;39A@3>A8F:7?3FD;J;E7CG3>FAL7DA6G7FAF:7E;?;>3D;FKA8
:ABB;@9 5A788;5;7@F ,> ):7 H3>G7 A8 &Y? D7BD7E7@FE F:7 F:7 5:7?;53> 7@H;DA@?7@FE 8AD 4AF: 9D3B:7@7 3FA?E I:;5:
BAE;F;A@ A8 F:7 H75FAD 5A@@75F;@9 F:7 @73D7EF @7;9:4ADE*> 3D7 3@6 D7EB75F;H7>K 0 1 "AEF A8 F:7 EFG6;7E ;@ F:7
3@6 F:7 B3D3?7F7DE A8,> 67F7D?;@7 F:7 ;@F79D3F;A@ 7;F:7D >;F7D3FGD7 3EEG?7 F:3F F:7 ;@F7D>3K7D 6;EF3@57 ;E 7CG3> FA
47FI77@ 3FA?E ;@ F:7 E3?7 B>3@7 AD ;@ 6;887D7@F B>3@7E 3E N43E76A@?;@;?;L;@9F:7FAF3>7@7D9KK7F@AIF:;E
E:AI@;@;9
):GEC
53@47ID;FF7@3EC3@6 6;EF3@5753@475A@FDA>>763@6H3D;76):7D78AD7F:7D7;E3
7JB3@6763EC3E76A@CF:7D7>3F;A@E:;B8ADF:7 FD7@6F:3FE:AIEBDA?;E;@967H7>AB?7@F8AD9D3B:7@7FA47
YAD4;F3>ET 7>75FDA@ 7@7D9K 6;EB7DE;A@ ;E 9;H7@ 4K C GE76;@7>75FDA@;567H;57E;@F:78GFGD70
1
7@57 F:;E 7CG3F;A@ 6;EB>3KE F:7 5A@6G5F;A@ 3@6 H3>7@57
43@6EA89D3B:7@73EE:AI@;@;9 Y' Y'
2 ,( & ,

, &
Y? O W % Z>?BH[
& , YYY
& YYY
, &' ,
P&RY'TQ O ( ' Y

Y
, &
, , &'
>50 '
2 2
Y? O % R><E?JD
T L %
&
^> <E ?I C
4 <E ?J D
_
1 1 YYY'
, & YYY'
, , &

2 2
^> <E ?I C
3 <E ?J D
_
1 1 I:7D7F:7H3>G7A8!A ;EF:7;@F7D35F;A@7@7D9K47FI77@FIA
L%
3FA?E;@F:7E3?7B>3@73@6F:7:AD;LA@F3>6;EF3@57;E7CG3>
879

;9 ):743@6B3D3?7F7DE3E38G@5F;A@A8675D73E;@9F:7;@F7D>3K7D6;EF3@57
;9 ):7 43@6 B3D3?7F7DE 3E 3 8G@5F;A@ A8 675D73E;@9 AD ;@5D73E;@9 F:7
;@F7D>3K7D6;EF3@57
FA
NI:;5:;E35A@EF3@FH3>G73@6!0 ;EF:7;@F7D35F;A@
7@7D9K47FI77@FIA3FA?E;@6;887D7@FB>3@7E>EAF:7H3>G7
A8 !2 ;E F:7 ;@F7D35F;A@ 7@7D9K A8 F:7 @7JF@73D7EF 3FA?
47FI77@FIA3FA?E;@36;887D7@FB>3@7

$"#*&%"%$*("-&(*("#.( ('!%
):7 7>7?7@FE A8 3?;>FA@;3@ ?3FD;J 8AD
5A@8;9GD3F;A@FKB753@47E77@;@C>>A8F:7H3>G7EA8
!> 3D738G@5F;A@;@F:7;@F7D>3K7D6;EF3@573@6F:7K53@47
53>5G>3F76 4K ;@F79D3F;@9 F:7 3D73 A8 F:7 7@7D9K ;@F7D35F;A@
GE;@9 F;9:F4;@6;@9 3BBDAJ;?3F;A@ 3E E:AI@ ;@ CE

;93@693B8AD4;>3K7D9D3B:7@7>3K7D3F7+
0
1
Y ,2 &Y? ,1
,A &? ,0

,A YYYY
&? ,2 YYYY
&? ,0 ,1
Y ,A & Y? ,0 ,2 & Y?
, , &
P&R'YTQ O 0 2 ?
YYYY

,2 YYYY
&? ,0 ,/ & YYYY ,2 & ? ,0
?
, ,0 Y?
,2 & ,A &Y?
1

YYYY
,1 ,2 & ? ,0 YYYY
,/ & ?
,:7D7!1 ;EF:7;@F7D35F;A@7@7D9K47FI77@F:78;DEF3@6F:;D6
>3K7DEA89D3B:7@7 ;93@693B8AD4;>3K7D9D3B:7@7>3K7D3F 7+

,/ O V Z* M *; [ Z* M *; M "@ [$- 675D73E7E8DA? FA N4K3BB>K;@9BD7EEGD7A@F:7

9D3B:;F7 0
1 AI7H7D F:7D7 ;E @A 5A@E;67D3F;A@ 8AD
,0 O V Z* M *; N #[ Z* M *; M "@ [$- ;@5D73E766;EF3@574KGE;@9G??7DTE?7F:A6I:;5:;EF:7
?3;@5A@FD;4GF;A@A8F:;EB3B7D3EE:AI@;@;9
F ;E 5>73D F:3F ;@5D73E;@9 F:7 6;EF3@57 47FI77@ F:7
,1 O V Z* M *; N #[ Z* M *; M "@ [$-
9D3B:7@7>3K7DE:3E3>;?;FI:;5:;E3BBDAJ;?3F7>K7CG3>FA

N):;E;E3@7JFD36;EF3@57F:3F53@4736676FAF:7
,2 O V Z* M *; [ Z* M *; M "@ N #[$-

;@F7D>3K7D 6;EF3@57 43E76 A@ F:7 E;?G>3F;A@ D7EG>FE ;9
I:7D7 Z* M *; [ ;E F:7 Y AD4;F3>E 57@F7D76 A@ 3FA? 3 F:7 E:AIE 3 5D;F;53> BA;@F A8 F:7 ;@F7D35F;A@ 7@7D9;7E I:7@ F:7
B3D3?7F7D "@ D7BD7E7@FE H75FADE 5A@@75F;@9 3@ 3FA? FA ;FE ;@F7D>3K7D 6;EF3@57 ;@5D73E7E ):7D78AD7 F:7 5GDH7 38F7D F:7
@73D7EF@7;9:4AD;@F:79D3B:;F;5B>3@7I:;5:;EF:7;@F7D>3K7D 5D;F;53> 6;EF3@57 53@ 47 @79>75F76 6G7 FA F:7 GE7 A8 3 F;9:F
6;EF3@573@6F:7#H3>G7;EF:7G@;F57>>43E3>H75FAD0
1 43@6;@9 3BBDAJ;?3F;A@ ?A67> 3@6 F:7 ;@F7D35F;A@ 7@7D9K
5A788;5;7@FEI;>>5:3@978DA?5A@6G5F;A@FAH3>7@5743@63@6
+ #)')$##'.$#)( H;57 H7DE3 @6776 F:7 ;@F7D35F;A@ 5A788;5;7@F 47FI77@ FIA
):7 67F7D?;@3F;A@ A8 F:7 ;@F7D35F;A@ A8 5A788;5;7@FE 53D4A@3FA?E;@F:7E3?7B>3@7;E3>?AEF5A@EF3@F3EE:AI@
67B7@6E A@ F:7 6;EF3@57 47FI77@ F:7 >3K7DE ;@ F:7 53E7 A8 ;@F:74>35=5GDH7;@;9
EF35=;@9 FIA AD ?AD7 >3K7DE >EA F:7 ;@F7D35F;A@ + #()'*)*'!*!)$#$() #
5A788;5;7@FET78875FI;>>:3H7E53FF7D;@9BAF7@F;3>):7D78AD7 !.''%#).%
F:;E 5AG>6 D7EG>F ;@ 7;F:7D 3 BAE;F;H7 AD 3 @793F;H7 H3>G7
67B7@6;@9A@I:7F:7DAD@AF;F;ED787DD;@9FA5A@6G5F;A@AD +%#% ',"''#."% %-*(%##*("#
H3>7@5743@60
155AD6;@9FA0
13>>,> B3D3?7F7DE3D7 "#
8G@5F;A@E ;@ F:7 ;@F7D>3K7D 6;EF3@57 3@6 5ADD7>3F76 FA A@7
3@AF:7D@AF:7DIAD6EI:7@F:7;@F7D>3K7D6;EF3@575:3@97E G7 FA F:7 @3FGD7 A8 F:7 FG@34>7 43@6 93B A8 4;>3K7D
F:7?3<AD;FKA8F:7E7B3D3?7F7DEI;>>D7EBA@6FAF:;E35F;A@ 9D3B:7@74K3BB>K;@93@7JF7D@3>7>75FD;53>8;7>6FAH3DKF:7
43@693BH3>G7;9E:AIEF:743@693B47FI77@F:7
;9E:AIEF:7,> B3D3?7F7DET47:3H;ADI:7@F:76;EF3@57
880

;9 3@6 93B 8AD 4;>3K7D 9D3B:7@7 >3K7D 3F ;@F7D>3K7D 6;EF3@57 ;9 3@693B8ADFD;>3K7D9D3B:7@7>3K7D3F7+

N

;9 3@693B8ADFD;>3K7D9D3B:7@7>3K7D3F 7+

;9 3@6 93B 8AD 4;>3K7D 9D3B:7@7 >3K7D 3F ;@F7D>3K7D 6;EF3@57
N !> ;EBD7E7@F76;@F:;EB3B7D3E38G@5F;A@A8F:7ABF;?3>H3>G7
A8 F:7 ;@F7D>3K7D 6;EF3@57 ):7 D3F;A@3>7 47:;@6 F:7
8G@5F;A@3>;L76 ;@F7D35F;A@ 7@7D9K ;E FA EFG6K F:7 78875F A8
5:3@9;@9F:7;@F7D>3K7D6;EF3@57A@F:743@693B47:;@6F:7
8G@5F;A@3>;L76 ;@F7D35F;A@ 7@7D9K ):;E I;>> 3;6 ;@ EFG6K;@9
F:778875FA85:3@9;@9F:7;@F7D>3K7D6;EF3@57A@F:743@693B
;9E:AIEF:3FF:743@693B47FI77@F:7EF35=;@9FKB7
A89D3B:7@7>3K7DEI:7@F:7ABF;?3>H3>G7A8F:7;@F7D>3K7D
6;EF3@57675D73E7E4K N@F:;E53E7F:743@693B;E7CG3>
FA 7+ E I7>> A@57 F:7 ;@F7D>3K7D 6;EF3@57
;@5D73E7E 4K N AH7D F:7 ABF;?3> H3>G7 A8 F:7 ;@F7D>3K7D

;9 3@6 93B 8AD 4;>3K7D 9D3B:7@7 >3K7D 3F ;@F7D>3K7D 6;EF3@57 6;EF3@57F:743@693B;E7CG3>FA 7+3EE:AI@;@

N3@6F:73BB>;53F;A@A83@7JF7D@3>7>75FD;53>8;7>6 7+ ;9
F;E5>73DF:3F675D73E;@9F:7;@F7D>3K7D6;EF3@57;@5D73E7E
F:7 43@6 93B H3>G7 3E E:AI@ ;@ ;9 #A@7F:7>7EE
675D73E;@9 F:7 ;@F7D>3K7D 6;EF3@57 3>EA ;@5D73E7E F:7
5A@6G5F;A@ 3@6 H3>3@57 43@6ET B73= 3E76 A@ F:7 D7EG>FE
9D3B:7@7 :3E FIA 679D77E A8 8D776A? FA FG@7 ;FE 43@6 93B
;9 E:AIEF:3FF:743@693B;E7CG3>FA 7+I:7@
3@ 7JF7D@3> 7>75FD;53> 8;7>6 ;E 3BB>;76 4K 7+ 3@6 F:7
;@F7D>3K7D6;EF3@57;E675D73E763FF:7E3?7F;?7@5A@FD3EF
3BB>K;@93@7JF7D@3>7>75FD;53>8;7>64K 7+3@6;@5D73E;@9
;9
3@6 93B 8AD 4;>3K7D 9D3B:7@7 >3K7D 3F ;@F7D>3K7D 6;EF3@57 F:7 ;@F7D>3K7D 6;EF3@57 E:AIE F:3F F:7 43@6 93B ;E 7CG3> FA
N3@6F:73BB>;53F;A@A83@7JF7D@3>7>75FD;53>8;7>6 7+
7+ 3E E:AI@ ;@ ;9
):7D7 ;E @A 6AG4F F:3F
5:3@9;@9F:7;@F7D>3K7D6;EF3@57:3EFIA679D77EA88D776A?
EF35=;@9 FKB7 A8 9D3B:7@7 >3K7DE 3F ABF;?3> H3>G7 A8 F:7 FA5A@FDA>F:743@693B4K 7+3@6;@5D73E;@9F:7;@F7D>3K7D
;@F7D>3K7D6;EF3@57):743@693B;E7CG3>FA
7+ 6;EF3@57E:AIEF:3FF:743@693B;E7CG3>FA
7+3E
K3BB>K;@93@7JF7D@3>HA>F3977CG3>FA 7+A@A@7A8F:7 E:AI@ ;@ ;9
):7D7 ;E @A 6AG4F F:3F 5:3@9;@9 F:7
>3K7DEF:743@693BI;>>5:3@973EE:AI@;@;9EAF:3F ;@F7D>3K7D6;EF3@57:3EFIA679D77EA88D776A?FA5A@FDA>F:7
;F;E7CG3>FA 7+ 43@693B

+%#% ',"!% "% *!"%*(#.(")*% + #()'*)*'!*!)$#$() #
):7 43@6 93B 53@ 47 73E;>K FG@76 4K H3DK;@9 F:7 !.''%#).%
;@F7D35F;A@ 7@7D9K 5A788;5;7@F GE;@9 G??7DTE ?7F:A6 A8
834D;53F;A@ 3@6 F:;E ;E F:7 ?3;@ ;673 ;@ F:;E B3B7D @ 835F +%#% ',"''#."% %-*(%##*("#"#
G??7DTE ?7F:A6 53@ 5A@FDA> F:7 6;EF3@57 47FI77@ F:7 @5D73E;@9F:7@G?47DA8EF35=76>3K7DE:7>BEFA;@5D73E7
>3K7DE A8 9D3B:7@7 I:;5: ;E 3@ ;@6;D75F I3K FA 5A@FDA> F:7 F:743@693BH3>G74GFF:7D7;E3>;?;FFAEF35=;@99D3B:7@7
43@693B4K5:3@9;@9F:7;@F7D35F;A@7@7D9K5A788;5;7@FE):7 >3K7DE6G7FAF:7?3F7D;3>TEBDAB7DF;7E5:3@9;@90
1
;@F7D>3K7D6;EF3@57I3E67F7D?;@7643E76A@3@ABF;?;L3F;A@ )D;>3K7D9D3B:7@7;E34>7FABDA6G573@6E;L7F:743@693B
F75:@;CG7 FA ?;@;?;L7 F:7 FAF3> 7@7D9K A8 9D3B:7@7 >3K7DE I:7F:7DAD@AFF:7D7;E3@7>75FD;53>8;7>6ADF:;E53E7;9
3@6 ;F I3E 8AG@6 F:3F F:7 ;@F7D>3K7D 6;EF3@57 ;E 7CG3> FA
N0
1):7D78AD7F:78G@5F;A@3>;L76;@F7D35F;A@7@7D9K
881

7@7D9K 43@6 EFDG5FGD7 ;@ EFD3;@76 9D3B:7@7S #*("# %&($*"&%

%&$$+%"*"&%!%&#& . HA> BB Q

01 '&G:7/:7@9!GA&!;G'&;@/:AG.G(#393E7
,#"7;/3A3@6!GR)G@34>73@6E;L34>743@693BA8E;@9>7
>3K7D 9D3B:7@7 E3@6I;5:76 47FI77@ :7J39A@3> 4ADA@ @;FD;67S
)"*(HA>@ABB Q

0 1 ' 3>A9 PD97@E7@ ! #;>EEA@ " @67DE7@ ';7@=E "
;3@5:; " 3@7FF; !O9E933D6 3D3>6; ( !;LL;F /
(><;H3@53@;@ 7E7@435:7D 3??7D ) %767DE7@ %
A8?3@@3@6!AD@7=ODR3@693BAB7@;@9;@9D3B:7@7;@6G576
4KB3FF7D@76:K6DA97@36EADBF;A@S**(HA>@ABB Q
;9 3@693B8ADFD;>3K7D9D3B:7@7>3K7D3F;@F7D>3K7D6;EF3@57

N 01 -7@9.,G3; 3@93@6/:3@9R>75FDA@;5EFDG5FGD7
FG@;@93@643@693BAB7@;@9A89D3B:7@74K:A>77>75FDA@5A6AB;@9S
!.) ** * % * &#" ** !.) HA> @A BB
Q

01 +3D>7F " !;G ;E5:A88 % (;?A@7F ) )3@;9G5:;
,3F3@347 ';5:F7D):@3@6 @EE>;@R3@693B3@64DA=7@
5:;D3>;FK;@E;@9>7>3K7D3@64;>3K7D9D3B:7@7S!.)**+)&#""
@A
BB Q

01 %%G>ER>75FDA@;543@6EFDG5FGD778875FE;@?A@A>3K7D4;>3K7D3@6
:K4D;69D3B:7@7EFDG5FGD7ES):7%7@@EK>H3@;3(F3F7*@;H7DE;FK

01 ' %3>E7D R@F7D>3K7D ;@F7D35F;A@E ;@ 9D3B:;F7 3@6 53D4A@
@3@AFG47ES!.)!$!$!.)HA> @A BB Q

0 1 "53@@3@6+3>T=AR!3@63G>7H7>6797@7D35K3@6CG3@FG?
;9 3@693B8ADFD;>3K7D9D3B:7@7>3K7D3F;@F7D>3K7D6;EF3@57 :3>> 78875F ;@ 3 9D3B:;F7 4;>3K7DS !.) , ** HA> @A B
N

0 1 ) $:F3 AEFI;5= ) (7K>>7D AD@ 3@6 'AF7@47D9
6;EB>3KEF:743@693B8ADFD;>3K7D9D3B:7@7EF35=;@943E76 RA@FDA>>;@9F:77>75FDA@;5EFDG5FGD7A84;>3K7D9D3B:7@7S"%
HA> @A BB Q

A@ F:7 5A@8;9GD3F;A@ FKB7 4K 3BB>K;@9 3@ 7JF7D@3> 0
1 ' %7F7DE7@ R);9:F4;@6;@9 43E76 ?A67>;@9 A8 9D3B:7@7 3@F;6AF
7>75FD;53>8;7>6A@F:78;DEF>3K7D):743@693BH3>G7;E7CG3> EFDG5FGD7ES

FA
7+ I:;5: ;@5D73E7E E;9@;8;53@F>K 5A?B3D76 FA 0 1 " A=; 3@6 ?3I3E:; R7B7@67@57 A8 43@6 EFDG5FGD7E A@
4;>3K7D EF35=;@9 >EA I:7@ 3@ 7JF7D@3> 7>75FD;53> 8;7>6 ;E EF35=;@93@68;7>6;@>3K7D769D3B:7@7S&#"**&$$+%HA>

@ABB
Q

3BB>;76 A@ F:7 FD;>3K7D 9D3B:7@7 F:7 43@6 93B ;E 7CG3> FA 0 1 7;?3@6 (#AHAE7>AHR):7D;E7A89D3B:7@7S**(

7+3EE:AI@;@;9 HA>@ABB Q

0 1 A!!GI3@9%:3@93@6"!;@RAG>A?4

+%#% ',"!% "% *!"%*(#.(")*% 7J5;F3F;A@E;@3@6EF35=764;>3K7D9D3B:;F7ES!.),

@F:;E53E7F:7;@F7D>3K7D6;EF3@57E47FI77@3>>9D3B:7@7 &%%)**(*(!.)HA>@ABB Q

0 1 % :3@9 RJ35F EA>GF;A@ A8 F:7 EB75FDG? 3@6 ?39@7FAABF;5E A8
>3K7DE 3D7 5:3@976 FA97F:7D @ AF:7D IAD6E F:7 ;@F7D>3K7D ?G>F;>3K7D :7J39A@3> 9D3B:7@7S ''# !.) HA> @A B
6;EF3@5747FI77@F:78;DEF>3K7D3@6F:7E75A@6>3K7D;EE;?;>3D

FA F:7 ;@F7D>3K7D 6;EF3@57 47FI77@ F:7 E75A@6 >3K7D 3@6 F:7 0 1 !!G%:3@9.G3@9"!GI3@93@6"
F:;D6>3K7D;9 BD7E7@FEF:743@693BH3>G7A8F:7FD;>3K7D !;@ R!AI7@7D9K 7>75FDA@;5 BDAB7DF;7E A8 F:7 EF35=76 87I>3K7D
9D3B:;F7ES!.)&%%)**(HA> @A
BB Q
9D3B:7@7I:7@F:7ABF;?3>;@F7D>3K7D6;EF3@57E3D7675D73E76

4K N):743@693B;E7CG3>FA 7+I:;5:;E?AD7 0 1 (3FF3+%*+$(%)'&(*/ *&$*&(%)")*&(

F:3@FI;57F:7H3>G7A8F:7BD7H;AGE53E7@5A@FD3EFI:7@ 0 1 R(;?G>3F;A@E ;@HA>H;@9 53D4A@ @3@AFG47E 3@6 @3@AD;44A@ES ):7
F:7;@F7D>3K7D6;EF3@57E3D7;@5D73E764K NF:743@693B *@;H7DE;FKA8>AD;63

0
1 :3D>;7D%=>G@6/:G3@67DD3D;R>75FDA@3@6B:A@A@
;E7CG3>FA
7+3EE:AI@;@;9 BDAB7DF;7E A8 9D3B:7@7 ):7;D D7>3F;A@E:;B I;F: 53D4A@ @3@AFG47ES
(&%%&*+HA> BBQ

+ $#!*($# 0
1 :3D>;7D 3@6 % ";5:7@3G6 R;DEFBD;@5;B>7E EFG6K A8 F:7
):7FG@34>743@693BEA84;>3K7D3@6FD;>3K7D9D3B:7@7 7>75FDA@;5BDAB7DF;7EA8E;?B>7:7J39A@3>9D3B:;F7S!.),
HA>
@A BB Q
E:77FE43E76A@EF35=;@95A@8;9GD3F;A@:3H7477@EFG6;76 0
1 #;=A>37H 3@6 " *>K4KE:7H R7J39A@3> >3FF;57 ?A67> A8 F:7
I;F:F:79A3>A8BDAH;6;@93@AH7>?7F:A6FAFG@7F:743@6 EF35=764;>3K7D9D3B:7@7S+%%*(%*"&%# ,%!&&#
93BEA8?G>F;>3K7D9D3B:7@7):;EB3B7D:3EE:AI@F:3FF:7 & !&(*"# !.)")
0$@>;@71 H3;>34>7
BDABAE76 ?7F:A6 :3E 3 E;9@;8;53@F 78875F A@ F:7 43@6 93B :FFBF:7AD<;@DDGM6;3EFBEG??7D BAEF7DEBAEF7D2#;=A>37HB68
0
1 (383D; % AEE7;@;G@ '3:43D; 3@6 " ' 3>:AD RD3B:7@7
FG@;@9 A8 9D3B:7@7 3@6 F:7D78AD7 F:7 BDABAE76 ?7F:A6 43E76 7>75FDA@;5 67H;57S %* #*( &$'+* %( #*(&%
BDAH;67E3@7I679D77A88D776A?8ADFG@;@99D3B:7@743@6 &$$+% % HA>@ABB Q

93BE):7F7EFEKEF7?;@F:;EB3B7DI3EE;?G>3F764KGE;@93 0
1 :3D>;7D 3@6 % ";5:7@3G6 R);9:F4;@6;@9 ?A67> 8AD F:7
")!7@H;DA@?7@F 7>75FDA@;5BDAB7DF;7EA8E;?B>7:7J39A@3>9D3B:;F7S!.),
HA>@A
BB
Q

0
1 ( 3E3@ R>75FDA@ B:A@A ;@F7D35F;A@ ;@ 53D4A@ @3@AFG47 67H;57ES
''#(

0 1 7;?3@6 (#AHAE7>AHR):7D;E7A89D3B:7@7S
0
1 $33ER)D3@EBADFA@3@A@AE53>7CG3E;7>3EF;5@7GFDA@E53FF7D;@9
0
1 (%3D=3@6:A;R3@693BAB7@;@9;@9D3B:7@7D7H7DE7 3@6 6K@3?;5 EFG6;7ES #3F;A@3> *@;H7DE;FK A8 (5;7@57E 3@6
7@9;@77D;@93BBDA35:S!.),
HA>
@AB

)75:@A>A9K

01 ((3D=7D""E>3?3@6'E>3?R@3@3>KF;53>3BBDA35:FAEFG6K

882

Ee7ee?7@fa8d3b:7@73@63b3e76a@ +3DK @9F:7@F7D35F A@@7d9ka788 5 7@fe

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ee7ee?7@fa8d3b:7@73@63b3e76a@ +3DK @9F:7@F7D35F A@@7d9ka788 5 7@fe

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

% # BB>K;@9F:7)?7F:A6FA?A67>EF35=764;>3K7D9D3B:7@7

,/ O V Z* M ; [ Z M *; M "@ [$- 675D73E7E8DA? FA N4K3BB>K;@9BD7EEGD7A@F:7

7@7D9K 43@6 EFDG5FGD7 ;@ EFD3;@76 9D3B:7@7S #("# %&($"&%

You might also like

Ee7ee?7@fa8d3b:7@73@63b3e76a@ +3DK @9F:7@F7D35F A@@7d9ka788 5 7@fe

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ee7ee?7@fa8d3b:7@73@63b3e76a@ +3DK @9F:7@F7D35F A@@7d9ka788 5 7@fe

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats



% # BB>K;@9F:7)?7F:A6FA?A67>EF35=764;>3K7D9D3B:7@7

,/ O V Z* M *; [ Z* M *; M "@ [$-  675D73E7E8DA?  FA  N4K3BB>K;@9BD7EEGD7A@F:7

7@7D9K 43@6 EFDG5FGD7 ;@ EFD3;@76 9D3B:7@7S #*("# %&($*"&%

You might also like

% # BB>K;@9F:7)?7F:A6FA?A67>EF35=764;>3K7D9D3B:7@7

,/ O V Z* M ; [ Z M *; M "@ [$- 675D73E7E8DA? FA N4K3BB>K;@9BD7EEGD7A@F:7

7@7D9K 43@6 EFDG5FGD7 ;@ EFD3;@76 9D3B:7@7S #("# %&($"&%