Chapter 9 Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

1) The basis of the VSEPR model of molecular bonding is ________.

A) regions of electron density on an atom will organize themselves so as to maximize s-character
B) regions of electron density in the valence shell of an atom will arrange themselves so as to maximize overlap
C) atomic orbitals of the bonding atoms must overlap for a bond to form
D) electron domains in the valence shell of an atom will arrange themselves so as to minimize repulsions
E) hybrid orbitals will form as necessary to, as closely as possible, achieve spherical symmetry

2) In counting the electron domains around the central atom in VSEPR theory, a ________ is not included.
A) nonbonding pair of electrons
B) single covalent bond
C) core level electron pair
D) double covalent bond
E) triple covalent bond

3) The electron-domain geometry of ________ is tetrahedral.

A) CBr4
B) PH3
C) CCl2Br2
D) XeF4
E) all of the above except XeF4
4) Of the following species, ________ will have bond angles of 120°.
A) PH3
B) ClF3
C) NCl3
D) BCl3
E) All of these will have bond angles of 120°.

5) The molecular geometry of the BrO3- ion is ________.

A) trigonal pyramidal
B) trigonal planar
C) bent
D) tetrahedral
E) T-shaped

6) The molecular geometry of the left-most carbon atom in the molecule below is ________.

A) trigonal planar
B) trigonal bipyramidal
C) tetrahedral
D) octahedral
E) T-shaped
7) The molecular geometry of the right-most carbon in the molecule below is ________.

A) trigonal planar
B) trigonal bipyramidal
C) tetrahedral
D) octahedral
E) T-shaped

8) The bond angles marked a, b, and c in the molecule below are about ________, ________, and ________,
respectively.

A) 90°, 90°, 90°

B) 120°, 120°, 90°
C) 120°, 120°, 109.5°
D) 109.5°, 120°, 109.5°
E) 109.5°, 90°, 120°

9) The bond angles marked a, b, and c in the molecule below are about ________, ________, and ________,
respectively.

A) 109.5°, 109.5°, 109.5°

B) 120°, 109.5°, 120°
C) 109.5°, 109.5°, 120°
D) 90°, 180°, 90°
E) 109.5°, 109.5°, 90°

10) The central Xe atom in the XeF4 molecule has ________ unbonded electron pair(s) and ________ bonded
electron pair(s) in its valence shell.
A) 1, 4
B) 2, 4
C) 4, 0
D) 4, 1
E) 4, 2
11) An electron domain consists of ________.

a) a nonbonding pair of electrons

b) a single bond
c) a multiple bond

A) a only
B) b only
C) c only
D) a, b, and c
E) b and c
12) The molecular geometry consists of ________.

a) a nonbonding pair of electrons

b) a single bond
c) a multiple bond

A) a only
B) b only
C) c only
D) a, b, and c
E) b and c

13) The electron-domain geometry and the molecular geometry of a molecule of the general formula ABn will
always be the same if ________.
A) there are no lone pairs on the central atom
B) there is more than one central atom
C) n is greater than four
D) n is less than four
E) the octet rule is obeyed

14) What is the molecular shape of H2O?

A) T-shaped
B) tetrahedral
C) linear
D) trigonal pyramidal
E) bent
15) PCl5 has ________ electron domains and a ________ molecular arrangement.
A) 6, trigonal bipyramidal
B) 6, tetrahedral
C) 5, square pyramidal
D) 5, trigonal bipyramidal
E) 6, seesaw

16) For molecules of the general formula ABn, n can be greater than four ________.
A) for any element A
B) only when A is an element from the third period or below the third period
C) only when A is boron or beryllium
D) only when A is carbon
E) only when A is Xe
17-18:Consider the following species (i) BCl3 (ii) CCl4 (iii) TeCl4 (iv) XeF4 (v) SF6

17) Of the molecules below, only ________ is polar.

A) CCl4
B) CH4
C) SeF4
D) SiCl4

18) Of the molecules below, only ________ is nonpolar.

A) BF3
B) NF3
C) IF3
D) PBr3
E) BrCl3

19) Three monosulfur fluorides are observed: SF2, SF4, and SF6. Of these, ________ is/are polar.
A) SF2 only
B) SF2 and SF4 only
C) SF4 only
D) SF6 only
E) SF2, SF4, and SF6

20) The molecular geometry of the PF3 molecule is ________, and this molecule is ________.
A) trigonal planar, polar
B) trigonal planar, nonpolar
C) trigonal pyramidal, polar
D) trigonal pyramidal, nonpolar
E) tetrahedral, unipolar

21) Of the following, the central atom is sp3d2 hybridized only in ________.
A) PCl5
B) XeF4
C) PH3
D) Br3-
E) BeF2
22) The sp3d2 atomic hybrid orbital set accommodates ________ electron domains.
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

23) The sp2 atomic hybrid orbital set accommodates ________ electron domains.
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

24) The hybridizations of nitrogen in NF3 and NH3 are ________ and ________, respectively.
A) sp2, sp2
B) sp, sp3
C) sp3, sp
D) sp3, sp3
E) sp2, sp3

25) The hybridizations of iodine in IF3 and IF5 are ________ and ________, respectively.
A) sp3, sp3d
B) sp3d, sp3d2
C) sp3d, sp3
D) sp3d2, sp3d
E) sp3d2, sp3d2

26) The hybridizations of bromine in BrF5 and of arsenic in AsF5 are ________ and ________, respectively.
A) sp3, sp3d
B) sp3d, sp3d2
C) sp3d, sp3
D) sp3d2, sp3d
E) sp3d2, sp3d2

27) The hybrid orbitals used for bonding by the sulfur atom in the SF4 molecule are ________ orbitals.
A) sp
B) sp2
C) sp3
D) sp3d
E) sp3d2

28) What are the hybrid orbitals used for bonding by Xe in a XeCl4 molecule?
A) sp2
B) sp3d2
C) sp3
D) sp3d
E) sp

29) The hybridization scheme for BeF2 is ________.

A) sp
B) sp2
C) sp3
D) sp3d
E) sp3d2
30) What is the hybridization of the carbon atom attached to the two oxygen atoms in the structure below?

A) sp3
B) sp
C) sp3d2
D) sp2
E) sp3d

31) When four atomic orbitals are mixed to form hybrid orbitals, how many hybrid orbitals are formed?
A) one
B) six
C) three
D) four
E) five

32) A triatomic molecule cannot be linear if the hybridization of the central atoms is ________.
A) sp
B) sp2
C) sp3
D) sp2 or sp3
E) sp2d or sp3d2

33) Valence bond theory addresses all of the following except ________.
A) molecular shape
B) covalent bonding
C) excited states of molecules
D) hybridization
E) multiple bonds

34) A typical double bond ________.

A) is stronger and shorter than a single bond
B) consists of one σ bond and one π bond
C) imparts rigidity to a molecule
D) consists of two shared electron pairs
E) All of the above answers are correct.

35) A typical triple bond ________.

A) consists of one σ bond and two π bonds
B) consists of three shared electrons
C) consists of two σ bonds and one π bond
D) consists of six shared electron pairs
E) is longer than a single bond

36) There are ________ σ bonds and ________ π bonds in H3C-CH2-CH CH-CH2-C CH.
A) 14, 2
B) 10, 3
C) 12, 2
D) 13, 2
E) 16, 3

37) A molecule must have at least two resonance structures in order to display ________.
A) delocalized σ bonding
B) trigonal planar electron group geometry
C) localized π bonding
D) delocalized π bonding
E) localized σ bonding

38) In a C=C bond, the σ bond results from overlap of ________ orbitals and the π bond(s) result from overlap
of ________ orbitals.
A) sp2-hybrid, p-atomic
B) sp2-atomic, p-hybrid
C) sp3-hybrid, p-atomic
D) sp-hybrid, p-atomic
E) σ-atomic, π-hybrid

39) The carbon-hydrogen σ bond in ethylene, H2C CH2, results from the overlap of ________.
A) sp2-hybrid and s-atomic orbitals
B) sp hybrid orbitals
C) sp3 hybrid orbitals
D) s-hybrid and sp2-atomic orbitals
E) s atomic orbitals

40) The π bond in ethylene, H2C CH2, results from the overlap of ________.
A) sp3 hybrid orbitals
B) s atomic orbitals
C) sp hybrid orbitals
D) sp2 hybrid orbitals
E) p atomic orbitals

41) A typical double bond consists of ________.

A) three sigma bonds
B) three pi bonds
C) one sigma and two pi bonds
D) one sigma and one pi bond
E) three ionic bonds
42) The N-H bond in ammonia consists of ________.
A) one σ bond and one π bond
B) one σ bond and no π bonds
C) one σ bond and two π bonds
D) two σ bonds and one π bond
E) two σ bonds and two π bonds
43) The bond order of any molecule containing equal numbers of bonding and antibonding electrons is ______.
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 1/2

44) In comparing the same two atoms bonded together, the ________ the bond order, the ________ the bond
length, and the ________ the bond energy.
A) greater, shorter, greater
B) greater, greater, greater
C) greater, longer, greater
D) smaller, longer, smaller
E) smaller, greater, greater

45) In comparing the same two atoms bonded together, the ________ the bond order, the ________ the bond
length, and the ________ the bond energy.
A) greater, shorter, greater
B) greater, greater, greater
C) greater, longer, greater
D) greater, greater, smaller
E) smaller, greater, greater

46) Based on molecular orbital theory, the bond orders of the H—H bonds in H2, H2+, and H2- are ________,
respectively
A) 1, 0, and 0
B) 1, 1/2, and 0
C) 1, 0, and 1/2
D) 1, 1/2, and 1/2
E) 1, 2, and 0

47) According to MO theory, overlap of two s atomic orbitals produces ________.

A) one bonding molecular orbital and one hybrid orbital
B) two bonding molecular orbitals
C) two bonding molecular orbitals and two antibonding molecular orbitals
D) two bonding molecular orbitals and one antibonding molecular orbital
E) one bonding molecular orbital and one antibonding molecular orbital

48) A molecular orbital can accommodate a maximum of ________ electron(s).

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 6
E) 12

49) Molecular Orbital theory correctly predicts paramagnetism of oxygen gas, O2. This is because ________.
A) the bond order in O2 can be shown to be equal to 2
B) there are more electrons in the bonding orbitals than in the antibonding orbitals
C) the energy of the π2p MOs is higher than that of the σ2p MO
D) there are two unpaired electrons in the MO electron configuration of O2
E) the O—O bond distance is relatively short
50) Molecular Orbital theory correctly predicts diamagnetism of fluorine gas, F2. This is because ________.
A) the bond order in F2 can be shown to be equal to 1
B) there are more electrons in the bonding orbitals than in the antibonding orbitals
C) all electrons in the MO electron configuration of F2 are paired
D) the energy of the π2pMOs is higher than that of the σ2p MO
E) the F—F bond enthalpy is very low
51) Based on molecular orbital theory, the only molecule in the list below that has unpaired electrons is _____
A) C2
B) N2
C) F2
D) O2
E) Li2

52) According to molecular orbital theory, how many unpaired electrons are in a peroxide ion, O22-?
A) 0
B) 1/2
C) 1
D) 2
E) 3

53) According to molecular orbital theory, the bond order of N-N in nitrogen gas is ________.
A) 0
B) 1/2
C) 1
D) 2
E) 3

54) According to molecular orbital theory, the bond order of He-He in the He2 molecule is ________.
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
55) Which of the following is expected to be paramagnetic?
A) F2
B) O2
C) N2
D) H2
E) He

56) Which of the following molecules would be expected to be attracted to a magnetic field?

F2 N2 O2
A) F2 and N2
B) F2 and O2
C) O2 only
D) N2 only
E) N2 and O2
57) According to MO theory, overlap of two p atomic orbitals produces ________.
A) two bonding molecular orbitals
B) one bonding molecular orbital and one antibonding molecular orbital
C) two bonding molecular orbitals and two antibonding molecular orbitals
D) two bonding molecular orbitals and one antibonding molecular orbital
E) three bonding molecular orbitals and three antibonding molecular orbitals

58) According to MO theory, overlap of two p atomic orbitals produces ________.

A) one π MO and one σ* MO
B) one π MO and one σ MO
C) one π MO and one π* MO or one σ MO and one σ* MO
D) one π+ MO and one σ* MO
E) two π MOs, two π+ MOs, one σ MO, and one σ* MO
59) An antibonding MO ________ the corresponding bonding MO.
A) is always lower in energy than
B) can accommodate more electrons than
C) can accommodate fewer electrons than
D) is always higher in energy than
E) is always degenerate with

60) The more effectively two atomic orbitals overlap, ________.

A) the more bonding MOs will be produced by the combination
B) the higher will be the energy of the resulting bonding MO and the lower will be the energy of the resulting
antibonding MO
C) the higher will be the energies of both bonding and antibonding MOs that result
D) the fewer antibonding MOs will be produced by the combination
E) the lower will be the energy of the resulting bonding MO and the higher will be the energy of the resulting
antibonding MO

61) The bond order of a homonuclear diatomic molecule can be decreased by ________.
A) removing electrons from a bonding MO or adding electrons to an antibonding MO
B) adding electrons to a bonding MO or removing electrons from an antibonding MO
C) adding electrons to any MO
D) removing electrons from any MO
E) The bond order of a homonuclear diatomic molecule cannot be decreased by any means.

62) The order of MO energies in B2, C2, and N2 (σ2p > π2p), is different from the order in O2, F2, and Ne2
This is due to ________.
A) less effective overlap of p orbitals in O2, F2, and Ne2
B) the more metallic character of boron, carbon and nitrogen as compared to oxygen, fluorine, and neon
C) greater 2s-2p interaction in O2, F2, and Ne2
D) greater 2s-2p interaction in B2, C2, and N2
E) less effective overlap of p orbitals in B2, C2, and N2
ANSWER KEY
1D 2C 3E 4D 5A 6C 7A 8D 9C 10B 11D 12E 13A 14E 15D 16B 17C 18A 19B 20C 21B 22E
23B 24D 25B 26D 27D 28B 29A 30D 31D 32D 33C 34E 35A 36E 37D 38A 39A 40E 41D 42B
43A 44D 45A 46D 47E 48B 49D 50C 51D 52A 53E 54A 55B 56C 57B 58C 59D 60E 61A 62D