JRE Nov 2012.ppsx

Speaker :
Mr. Herman Chan,

Director of Careers & Placement
Joint AO / EO / MSO
Recruitment Examination
(JRE) Preparation Workshop
21 Nov 2012 (Wed) 3:00 pm - 5:00 pm T1, MWC
This PowerPoint will be put in our website :

http://www.careers.hku.hk/crp/material.html
H:\1213\CE\WS\HK\HKSARCSB\001-121121.pptx
Outline
Previous Case & Questions (2011, 2010)
Examination Topic Selection Criteria &

2012 (Dec) Potential Topics
Example Case, Questions & Suggested Answers
Advice on Case Handling Procedures
Slide 2 of 104
Selection Process
16/8 21/9 24/9

• Application • Recruitment Talk • Recruitment Talk
Deadline (MSOII) (EOII)
(CRE & BLT)
6/10 3/10 26/9

• CRE & BLT • Application • Recruitment Talk
Deadline (AO)
(AO, EOII, MSOII)
8/12 2013 Feb - Mar/Apr

• Interviews
• JRE
Slide 3 of 104
JRE Questions in Dec 2011
JRE Questions
• Test your analytical and written communication abilities -
180 min
– Question One - English
• Case Background
• Your Task : To draft a discussion paper for the topic, set
out the pros and cons the likely impact, the
implications of the proponent's requests, and all other
relevant considerations. You also need to set out your
recommendations with arguments and the actions
your government should take.
– 問題二 - 中文作答
• 問題二與以上問題一 ( 即 Question One) 的個
案無關。
• 考生須就一個具爭議性的指定議題，闡述
個人的立場和看法。
Slide 5 of 104
JRE Questions (Dec 2011): Question One - English
Traffic congestion & solution
• Background: (Total length app: 4-6
pages) = HK? Typical JRE
– Aromapolis is a city in Southeast Asia pattern.
– Population is around 8 million

– It is an international financial centre
– Railway is the backbone of the city’s
transport system
– The total length of the city’s road network is
about 2,100 km
HK: in Mar 2012,
there were over
634,400 vehicles on
2,087 km of roads
Slide 6 of 104
• Background:
– Thanks to improving living standard of citizens of
Aromapolis, car ownership is on the rise
– On average, drivers use their cars on 5 days per week on
average
– Traffic congestion is becoming more serious. Traffic is very
slow on some roads in Aromapolis
– Vehicle speed per hour can be as low as only 22 km per
hour. Sometimes it is just 11 km/hour. At times it is fastest
to walk from one point to another than to drive
Slide 7 of 104
• Background:
– Traffic congestion is causing loss of productivity
– Roadside pollution is another concern
– Commercial vehicles cause some 80-90 percent of
the pollutants that contribute to roadside pollution Major source of
– The government cuts the first registration tax by 30 pollution
percent for drivers who switch to private cars that
are run on environmentally-friendly fuel
– However, significance in reduction in greenhouse
gas emissions is offset by rising number of private
cars
– The business community is not happy about the
twin problems of traffic congestion and roadside
pollution
Slide 8 of 104
• Background:
– The government suggest the introduction of a ‘parking
tax’, where car-park operators collect, on behalf of the
government, a tax imposed on top of parking fees paid by
drivers for parking in car parks
– The Environmental Ministry would like to impose such a
new tax. The Finance ministry has reservations, for
Aromapolis is experiencing high inflation
– Association of Private Car Owners opposes the tax. They
argue that the average road distance each private car
travels is much lower than that of buses and commercial
vehicles - Lower share of
space & time, each
– Measures targeted at private cars are not fair car
- How about the
total share?
Slide 9 of 104
• Tasks : You are an officer of the ministry of transport. For style, use of
Write a paper that includes the following: word, check
1. Explain whether there are enough justifications from government &
the transport and environmental perspectives for Legislative Council
policy measures directed at private car owners. for sample papers
2. Discuss practicability and effectiveness of the ‘parking
tax’ in curbing car ownership and keeping car usage
under control.
3. Suggest two extra feasible measures on top of the practicability,
‘parking tax’. Explain what the Ministry of the effectiveness
Transport should take note of when introducing the
two extra measures. You are expected to think out of That means 3 tasks:
the box but should still justify with sound reasons and comment &
assumptions. evaluate on tax,
your 2
recommendations,
compare & contrast
the 3. Conclude &
recommend.
Slide 10 of 104
JRE Questions (Dec 2011): Question One – English
Data file (2 – 4 pages):
Differentiate: Be careful:
Time constrain, noise
• Useful content, data
• Noise: take time & not useful
What to focus:
• Guided by what answers/consideration you need to
prepare
• What data can help argument
Think in the Box:

• Given data
Think out of the Box:

• Given same data
• Different policy approach/perspective
Slide 11 of 104
JRE Questions (Dec 2011): Question One – English
Data file: Focus on what you have to tackle (Key Task)
Key Task
Comment & evaluate practicability & effectiveness
●
1. Parking tax
●
2. Two extra measures
●
3. Compare & contrast 3. (may overlap 1, 2, see how
you organise)
●
4. If really run out of time & rush: table bullet point
form
Slide 12 of 104
• Data file:
– Statistics showing the numbers of different types of Around 4 pages,
vehicles: background +
appendix, total 6-8
1. Private cars constitute the largest share of the total
pages
number of vehicles (more than half of the total
number of vehicles in Aromapolis) and
2. The percentage increase in number of private cars
Total no. = largest
has been getting bigger since 2006
3. The percentage increase in number of private cars
has been the largest among all forms of vehicles Relative increase
since 2006 (the percentage increase from 2009-2010 rate: highest
was some 5 percent)
4. The percentage increases of the other types of
vehicles have either slightly gone down or remained
stable
5. The types of vehicles mentioned in the statistics
include private cars, taxis, buses, commercial
vehicles and mini-buses
Slide 13 of 104
• Data file:
– Statistics showing the different types of pollutants from
different sources (e.g. fuel combustion, power
generation)
– Rates of first registration tax on different types of
vehicles and licensing fees for different types of vehicles.
The government increased the licensing fee for private Not enough?
cars only once during the 2006-2010 period. Licensing
gives vehicles the right to use roads and licensing
payable annually when drivers apply for the licenses (a
Fact: 1st registration
bit confusing, as the info does not mention whether
tax + annual license
drivers need to renew their license once a year). On the
fee: 1st year → then
other hand, the first registration tax is a one-off levy,
annual license fee
payable when a private car is purchased and calculated
on the basis of the ‘taxable value’ of a vehicle. The info
does not mention what ‘taxable value’ means or how it is
Fact: based on
calculated.
engine capacity &
other built-in
equipment
Slide 14 of 104
Analysis
Analysis Template
Objective: cut congestion (which is no. 1?), pollution (which is no. 1?)
Data:
• Ranking of contribution source: what no. 1, 2, 3
• Why no. 1 (congestion/pollution source) is on the road?
• How and what impact of suppressed usage & growth?
• What reaction?
Method Impact Practicability Effectiveness
+ - + -
Note:
- Formulate rough
outline at start
- Guide organisation
& points coverage
Slide 15 of 104
Analysis
Analysis Template
+ - + -
Car Park Tax: • Cut car • Easy to • Commercial car park •  Could •  on + may not lead to
• Assume park use administer, business drop reduce . Cars not in car park
both private • Cut cars on just add on • Hit car park owners cars in car could be on roadside. More
car, the road? to car park • Gov’t car park space park/  illegal road side parking
commercial • Cut fee (levy) underutilised probably • Commercial vehicle, no
vehicles, e.g. pollution • Little • Car owners with no private on the choice, forced to pay.
trucks, vans congestion hardware car park have no choice but road Increase business operation
• What cars investment pay even if car not in use • More cost, increase CPI
cut the • Road side • Force public car park owner gov’t • More government
most? meter to give up car, or pay more revenue revenue not a part of
• (Which one adjustment even if a car is a must use original objective
is elastic? simple purpose • Conflict between
which one is • Same • Temporary unregistered car commercial car park
inelastic?) manpower park (e.g. empty operator & private car
on gov’t construction site) avoid tax owner. Both use the road.
• More work for commercial Commercial car operator
car park operator: collect & pressed with no choice,
pay tax. Will gov’t pay cannot give up the car.
admin. Fee? Private car owner could use
public transport
Slide 16 of 104
Analysis
Analysis Template
+ - + -
Other methods: • Could cut • Easy to • Commercial • Major cause of • Increase
• Targeted tax (levy) major source of administer in operation problem under business
on diesel commercial pollution: diesel 1st registration efficiency control, more road operation,
vehicles plus time on & congestion of & annual restricted space, less increase CPI
road and access time large vehicles licensing fee • Increase cost pollution
use limitation for if operation
certain commercial forced to late
vehicles: e.g.: night more
construction waste labour cost
material dump truck • Cannot be
can only use the road used on
after 9:00 pm; passenger bus
container truck cannot
enter commercial/
town centre 9:00 am –
9:00 pm.
• Exemption only for
very high emission
standard trucks e.g.
Euro: Mark IV, V
Slide 17 of 104
Analysis
Analysis Template
+ - + -
Electronic Toll • Could effectively • Targeted & • Could breach • Cut in pollution & • Congestion &
Fare System control vehicle more precise privacy congestion, pollution spread
access in targeted control of ordinance: targeted zone & to other zones
zones & targeted roadside individual driver time • Overall, more
time pollution & GPS tracking • Increase in gov’t expensive
• Could cut congestion by • Car could go revenue business
congestion & zone, by time longer distance operation, private
pollution in targeted to avoid car owners have
zones electronic fare to pay
• More even • Need electronic
transport monitoring
distribution system
installation.
Gov’t & all cars,
private &
commercial
• Bad debt
collection
expenses
Slide 18 of 104
JRE Questions (Dec 2011): 問題二 - 中文作答
• 背景：社會流動，指一個自然人因著本身的個
人成就或失敗，從而達至社會階層的轉變。自
身的努力必能向上流，提升個人職位、身份上
的位置。有人說雖然香港仍然是一個開放、公
平、充滿機會的社會，不過香港中產人士覺得
自己沒有機會「向上流」，相反覺得自己在「向
下流」。社會普遍認為青少年現時的發展機
會，比六、七十年代差。跨化貧窮、貧富差距的
現象十分明顯。你是否同意香港的「社會流動
性」已經響起警號？政府已經推行了不同的措
施去幫助低下階層，你認為是否足夠？若不足
夠，應該推行甚麼措施去推動「社會流動性」？
Slide 19 of 104
• 註： 2013 熱門，可能重現。
(Long Question? Interview?)
• 香港會否步入 M 型社會結構？中產
減少，中產向下移，下層數量增加，財
富逐漸集中上層，年青一代向上社
會流動機會減少，不滿情緒累積，社
會不安穩。
• 參考：呂大樂教授 , Head of Sociology, HKU
http://www.sociodep.hku.hk/html//ppl_teach_lui.htm
2005-2007. ‘Social Class, Mobility Experience and Mobility
Strategy’, funded by the Research Grants Council.
Slide 20 of 104
1. 背景
1.1 經濟發展的循環起落引致工商業變
化，經濟結構轉型，工作及專業工作
類別變化致增加或減少，全部影響中
產工作機遇增加或減少，不同類別及
專業有個別不同增減。
1.2 從 1.1 變化引致不同階層之間流動。
註 : 解決方案
• 引導 / 扶助新產業、高增值行業 / 工作增加 ( 稅、資助、地、優惠 )
推動產業結構轉型 ( 北歐、新加坡、美國？ )
• 教育普及、專業、創意產業培訓
Slide 21 of 104
香港的社會流動與機會
• 首席研究員呂大樂 ( 香港大學社會學系教授 )
• 研究方法
1. 面對面訪問方式進行，按統計處的住戶抽樣框架，
凡年齡 18-64 歲人士。
2. 不限性別，但全職學生除外，隨機抽樣。調查於 2006
年 5 月至 2007 年 1 月進行， 1,779 份問卷，回收率為
40.88 % 。
• 研究結果
1. 檢視香港的階級結構有無重大轉變。
2. 階級結構並未出現突然的巨變。
3. 中產階級基本上維持在 20% 左右。
4. 經濟轉型並未導至中產階級的消失。
5. 中產未有消失，只是增長速度緩慢。
6. 在絕對數字或相對比例上，均未見到中產收縮或消
失的情況。
Slide 22 of 104
香港的社會流動與機會
7. 有人憂慮機會結構的轉變會逼人向下流動。
8. 44.4% 受訪者經歷了上向流動。
9. 23.1% 停留於原位。
10. 而 18.6% 向下流動。
11. 不要妄下定論，認為下向社會流動已成為了普遍現
象。
• 政策上的意義和建議
1. 香港大致上仍有流動的機會。
2. 對來自非動力勞動工作及小僱主的家庭的人士而
言尤其明顯。
3. 香港仍有流動的機會。
4. 但並非沒有障礙。
5. 研究並不支持那些認為社會變得封閉，缺乏流動機
會的意見。
Slide 23 of 104
Hong Kong Economic Journal | 雷鼎鳴 | 2010-03-29
社會流動與機會平等
• 很多人認為，近年香港的流動性減慢
了。
• 流動性的快慢與經濟的好壞有着密切關
係。
• 經濟水平低企或經濟增長速度緩慢，往
上流動的機會將大大減少。
• 若社會充滿往上流動的機會，人民自會
被激勵更加奮發向上。
• 現在的「筍工」是否比從前少呢？
• 醫生、律師畢業，不少於幾十年前。
• 投資銀行做事，以前沒有。
Slide 24 of 104
香港住戶的人均收入
1996 2006
住戶人均收入變化
累積百分比累積百分比
(1996 年物價 ) 百分比百分比 96/06
低→高高→低低→高高→低
0元 0.05% 0.05% 99.64% 1.01% 1.01% 99.73% 0.96%
1-999 元 1.94% 1.99% 99.59% 1.90% 2.91% 98.72% -0.14%
1,000-1,999 元 7.67% 9.66% 97.65% 5.93% 8.84% 96.82% -1.74%
2,000-2,999 元 13.18% 22.84% 89.98% 10.25% 19.09% 90.89% -2.66% A
3,000-3,999 元 14.12% 36.96% 76.80% 10.51% 29.60% 80.64% -3.61% (-)
4,000-4,999 元 11.98% 48.94% 62.68% 9.75% 39.35% 70.13% -2.63%
5,000-5,999 元
1
10.41% 59.35% 50.70% 8.82% 48.17%(-11.8%) 60.38% -1.59%
6,000-6,999 元 7.26% 66.61% 40.29% 7.73% 55.90% 51.56% 0.11%
7,000-7,999 元 6.00% 72.61% 33.03% 6.47% 62.37% 43.83% 0.47%
8,000-8,999 元 4.37% 76.98% 27.03% 5.29% 67.66% 37.36% 0.92%
B
9,000-9,999 元 3.41% 80.39% 22.66% 4.38% 72.04% 32.07% 0.97%
(+)
10,000-19,999 元 13.42% 93.81% 19.25% 18.62% 90.66% 27.69% 5.20%
20,000-39,999 元 4.83% 98.64% 5.83% 6.34% 97.00% 9.07% 1.51%
40,000 元或以上 1.00% 99.64% 1.00% 2.73% 99.73% 2.73% 1.73%
1
6,000 元以下累計減 11.8%
A: 低收入階層減 B: 6,000 元以上 C: 9,000 元以上 D: 6,000-9,000 元
少收入階層增加收入階層增加明顯 = ? 階層 Slide 25 of 104
「青貧族」收入零增長有打拼無未來？
《經濟日報》 2012 年 11 月 20 日
• 2011 年 15 至 24 歲男女月入中位數為 8,000 元，與 2001

年數字一樣
• 25 至 34 歲女性的月入中位數為 1.2 萬元，十年來也是零
增長
• 只有 25 至 34 歲男性月入中位數過去 10 年增加 500 元，
略升 4%
• 45 至 54 歲女性十年間收入增 42.9%
* Prime Earning
Periods *
*
Slide 26 of 104
JRE Questions in Dec 2010
• Background:
– City A is a densely populated area with 4 million
population living in 500 square kilometers. One third of the
land is restricted for nature and green preservation use.
The remaining is subjected to hills, infrastructure and built-
up areas. There is always competing demands for land use
in commercial and recreational activities.
Slide 28 of 104
• The Bungalow Policy :
– "Bungalow policy" was implemented in 1970s in City A so
that early settlers can erect a house known as bungalow in
rural area at a concessionary land price. Female settlers
aged 21 are eligible for applying to erect such small house.
They have to bear the construction cost but the building is
subject to simplified approval procedures. They are
restricted from selling the house to others within 5 years
since the construction was completed.
Slide 29 of 104
• Complaints from early settlers
– Since the implementation of the policy 30 years ago,
10,000 applications are pending for approval and yet the
council can only approve on average 400 applications each
year. The early settlers always complain that the waiting
time of 3-4 years is too long.
– The reason of causing such long approval time is that it is
difficult to locate land which has transportation and
infrastructure support. Moreover, it takes time to verify
the eligibility of applicants and identify any abuse.
Slide 30 of 104
• Problems
– Whenever the official record is incomplete the officials go
to the village representatives and check the eligibility of
applicants. There has been abuse of the policy as some of
the people make use of the name of those who have
already migrated in the application.
– The Council estimates that there are 100,000 early settlers
are eligible for such application. If all settlers apply, there
would not be enough land to satisfy such demands.
Slide 31 of 104
• The government may consider these solutions:

1. restricting, redefining, and buying the rights of
the early settlers
2. abolishing the rights and replacing with public
housing units (PHUs)
3. doing nothing
• It is expected that early settlers will not
support any proposal which harms their
rights.
Slide 32 of 104
Analysis
• Topic = Problems : New Territories Small House Policy ( 丁

權、丁屋 )
• A sticky subject
– No solution in sight
– Preservation of heritage right : by birth & gender
– Why?
– What cost?
– Equality between urban citizen & indigenous inhabitant ( 原居
民 ) with line of differentiation getting blur
– Good AO topic for future, panel interview : ask from different
angles
– Tough test for AO assignment ( 林鄭月娥 (Carrie Lam) ：
「困擾」 : unlimited demand for limited land capacity)
Slide 33 of 104
• Replacing with public housing units (PHUs)?
– The Finance Minister suggests buying out the right of the
early settlers, but such buy-out cost would be a huge
burden to the coffers.
– A feasible alternative would be replacing those with public
housing units, offering eternal free rent for those early
settlers. However, putting the early settlers in queue would
lengthen the waiting time of the existing applicants of
PHUs and it would make the government unable to
achieve its performance pledge that the average waiting
time would be kept as long as 3 years per application.
Slide 34 of 104
• Task: It is known that more and more people living in the
bungalows are non-early settlers. It is in doubt whether the
objective of the policy to preserve the tradition and close
family connections of the early settlers would be
compromised. You are the official of the Council of Planning &
Development. You need to prepare a draft letter to the Mayor
discussing the issue. You need to include the pros and cons of
the various suggested solutions, including the restricting,
redefining, and buying the rights of the early settlers;
abolishing the rights; and doing nothing; or other options
possible, This would be used in internal discussion purpose.
You would also need to include your recommendation after
such evaluation.
Slide 35 of 104
Answer Analysis Template
Options Pros Cons
Restricting - Define liability limit & put a - Objection from descendent of early settlers
boundary to confine future basic rights taken away. Fierce objection.
liability - What restriction criteria?
Redefining - Same as above
Rights buy out - Relief pressure on limited land - Drain on real financial resource. Just substitute
resource one loss with another.
- Easy for execution if agreed - Still unlimited future demand of right by birth,
not changed.
Abolish the right - Put an end to low land space - Substitution valuations 村屋 vs. 公屋
substitute with public utilisation (village vs. public housing)
housing - Wide choice of locations - Drain on public housing resources & unfair
impact to the lower income group
- Future unlimited demand risk not solved
Do nothing - Keep the peace, demand - Kicking the can down the road
partially met, some discontent - Problem just accumulated & could explode one
but manageable; till land used day
up
Other options: Increase - Ease backlog - Change of ground rule on restriction & benefit
plot ratio: 10 or more - No additional land cost of 原居民
floors (suggested - Only upper space used, if not - Open a controversial debt: ownership of upper
recently in 2012) make use of = waste space above building
Slide 36 of 104
• 丁屋、丁權：土地有限，丁權無限？

• 背景資料
A. 可建丁屋土地 = 認可鄉林範圍， 642
認可鄉村周圍 300 呎。
B. 在鄉村式發展土地申建丁屋，要城規
會批准。
– A + B = 4960 公頃，現剩餘 1640 公頃。
– 丁屋政策施行 41 年： 36,094 間丁屋。
Slide 37 of 104
• 丁屋需求
– 仍在申請： 9947 。
– 潛在丁權：目前估算 20 萬，未算世代
相傳千秋萬代數目。
• 目前處理原則
– 緊守「認可鄉村範圍」：即 642 認可鄉
村周圍 300 呎，不可擴大。
Slide 38 of 104
解決方案 Pros Cons
1. 丁屋、丁廈 - 以高度解決平面空間不足 - 增加原居民與非原居民

，應付龐大需求。高度放寬矛盾，原居民變為地產發
成本 = 0？展商。
- 並以高度放寬換取丁屋特 - 非原居民要付高昂屋價
權終止？。
- 同一地點上蓋 3-4 丁屋共 - 申請大增，新界大興土
9 – 12 層或更高，可行？ ( 交通木。
、排水、道路、設施、通風？ ) - 政府要支付額外交通及
基本設施。 ( 負荷不來？ )
2. 丁權換公屋 - 解決土地供應短缺問題。 - 原居民不接受公屋？
業權 - 非原居民公屋供應減少
？
- 不解決世代相傳問題。
3. 丁權自由買 - 潛在利益現金化，解決要 - 仍不能解決土地短缺問
賣市場錢不要屋問題，各取所需。題。
- 參與丁權買賣金錢交易者 - 丁屋已在市場公開買賣
會最終提出建丁屋要求？。
- 丁權 = 與生俱來政府送
錢權利引起非原居民或廣
大市民不滿。 Slide 39 of 104
• 背景：近年，很多城市都開展其博彩業，
包括台灣、馬來西亞。有論者指出澳門
靠發展博彩業令人均收入遠超香港。開
放賭業能帶動整體經濟發展，如旅遊及
會議、航空交通、酒店、百貨零售等行
業，製造就業機會。有人郤認為開放賭
業敗壞社會道德，令社會問題更加嚴
重。試分析香港應否考慮開放博彩，發
牌予賭博場所及相關之娛樂設施；說明
開放賭業的利弊；你贊成或反對香港開
放賭業。
Slide 40 of 104
• 賭博合法化已 tip 兩年，在 2010 年考。
• 留意賭博合法化可能在 2012 年重現以 interview
(preliminary or final round panel interview) 形式出
現，因永遠可以討論。 ( 例如同性婚姻及
安樂死 )
Slide 41 of 104
開放賭業分析
利弊
- 增加稅收 ( 部分撥作 - 濫賭上癮令家庭破裂
反賭博宣傳及濫賭輔，製造社會問題，得不
導。 ) 償失。
- 市民可參與合法渠道 - 賭博不是實質經濟生
賭博，漸取代非法賭博產，如多數是本港市民
。參與，則只是把錢由甲
轉去乙，中間由賭場抽
水，政府抽稅，沒有真正
經濟價值創造。
- 非法賭博沒落令黑社 - 可引致洗黑錢活動。
會活動減少經營範圍，
如收保護費、互相打鬥
、廝殺。 Slide 42 of 104
開放賭業分析
利弊
- 賭業正規化可發展相 - 政治不正確。香港開
關娛樂、旅遊、娛藝表演賭會與澳門競爭，令澳
、飲食等行業，增加就門唯一經濟支柱動搖，
業。增加中國整體經濟不穩
定。
- 賭業及相關行業管理 - 香港旅遊及相關行業
在美國等國家已發展為已發展良好，並不迫切
一專業系統，賭博合法要用賭業來刺激發展，
化可令此專業發展起來沒有賭業原來發展一樣
，甚至可輸出專才。健康。
- 香港沒有土地空間去
建娛樂城。
Slide 43 of 104
For 2006-2009 topics, please refer to :
http://www.careers.hku.hk/crp/material.html
Earlier JRE Questions

Examination Topic
Selection Criteria &
2012 (Dec) Potential Topics
Examination Topic Selection Criteria
• Past 6-12 months government policy issue. Policy dilemma

(between 2 or more evils or best among 2-3 choices)
• Issues still being discussed or opinion being collected.
Opinions are divided with no obvious direction.
• Mostly related to people's livelihood, education, environmental
protection, transportation, cultural heritage protection
• There is urgency to handle/resolve it in next 12-24 months or wide
negative implication: social conflict & instability
• Requirement : Write policy position paper, speech for Secretary or
Minister. Write answer to questions raised by legislators/political parties.
• Controversial policies or recent events too close to Dec. 2012 may not be
in time for Exam. Question (selection & answer preparation)
Slide 46 of 104
Potential Topics ( 土地開發 )
邊境地區開發土地出賣香港 ?
新界東北發展計劃
填海增加土地
Where? What principle onsite selection? 開發大嶼山
Substitution: 修改勾地表內兩年或以上未被勾過土
地為公屋地 ( 北角海傍超豪公屋 ) ? HOT
Slide 47 of 104
Potential Topics ( 房屋 )
居屋 ( 熱 )
如何公平處理現居屋業主出售居屋要補地價單身青年宿舍
（因此大量居屋不放盤？）
但不補地價轉讓引致居屋價飆升至 7-8 千元 /
呎…政府收回 / 不收回政策 ?
白表補地價買居屋 ?
工廈改建細出租單位舒緩劏房壓力
工廈改小型住宅
( 歐 / 美 / 英 : LOFT Condos Style )
放買地積比率 ( 啟德發展區 ) - Landuse premium
( 九龍塘九龍城新批地 : 馬鞍山元朗上 - Location, physical condition
水) Slide 48 of 104
Potential Topics ( 教育、國民身分 )
•適齡入學兒童下降 , 中學不殺校加
國民教育、中國國
北區小學額不足快推廣小班教學或縮班劃一 / 自願
民身份認同：
政府資助深圳港童 ( 熱 ); 留心過渡期後中學生數目回
- 如中小學教基本
交通接送至九龍區升 , 要較長期 10-15 年規劃 .
法，如何推廣，執 •教育局 /18 區中學校長會 211,111
小學 ?
行？
暫緩方案
- 甚麼內容 ? •教協未接納
•小班 = 提高教育質素 (arguable?)
高等教育：
• 應否擴充大學學
額招收副學士學生
？
• 如何保持大學畢
業生質素？
教科書分拆
Slide 49 of 104
Potential Topics ( 教育、國民身分 )
• 香港人國民身份認同不足 ?
• 國民身份 = 中華人民共和國公民身份 ?
• 基本法 : 香港特別行政區居民包括 :
• A. 中國公民 ( 是包括不是等於 )
• B. 英美加南亞各國僑民 ( 居港 7 年可轉為香港居民 )
• 問題 :
• 香港居民在何等程度上視自己為本地市民及國家公民 ?
•日常生活中港人如何受到對自己身份認同影響 ?
• 多元化身份對香港居民有甚麼意義 ? 為甚麼不單一化為中國公民 ?
• 香港人
• 中國人
• 中國的香港人
• 香港的中國人
• 中華人民共和國國民身份 17% 港人認同
( 對以上分辨作民意調查是否多此一舉 ?)
2012 年 4 月爭論議題 : 鍾庭耀 Vs. 中聯辦郝鐵川
Slide 50 of 104
Potential Topics ( 醫療 )
發展香港醫療產業醫療美容管制公私營協作計劃

私營醫院監管
( 牟利非牟利 )
如政府預 100 億建醫院

醫療融資 ( 熱 ) 中醫院 ? 西醫院 ?
Slide 51 of 104
Potential Topics ( 勞工 )
立法工會代表及勞工集體談判權 ?
立法 2% 公司職位留於傷殘人士 ? 政府先行
( 中國英國加拿大美國歐洲等多國有此法例 )
( 中國已立法 )
建築工程
工人嚴重短缺
輸入外勞 ?
Slide 52 of 104
Potential Topics ( 最低工資、標準工時 )
應否訂立標準工時或加班上限？
(熱)
訂立 ? 不訂立 ?
外國參考 ( 法國 ): 有 : 35/ 週 , 爭論未
止
最低工資每年跟通漲調整
( 可加可減 ?) ( 有加無減 ?)
Slide 53 of 104
Potential Topics ( 退休、人口政策 )
全民推休保障
應否制定長遠人口政策 ?
Slide 54 of 104
Potential Topics ( 退休、人口政策 )
強積金 ( 熱 ) ：只令基金公司得益，參與者受損，政府不
理。
MPF: High Fee Low Return 「十大漏洞」、「七宗罪」等
， What next?
- 政府資助不牟利受扥人 (Trustee), 可以省多少 ? 但基金
經理管理費仍高。
- 政府資助成立低收費債券基金 (ETF Exchange Traded
Fund: 交易所買賣債券基金 )
- 政府上身 ? 十年前政府甩身， why now? 基金界投訴。
- 基金從業員職位不保 ?
Slide 55 of 104
Potential Topics ( 老人、扶貧 )
扶貧委員會可做甚麼 ? 老人政策
是否訂立貧窮線 ? 利 / 弊老人生活津貼 – 扶貧 ?
免入息 / 資產審查
2012 年 11 月樂施會調查 :
1/6 港人是窮人 : 45 萬戶註 : 參考信報、經濟日報、
(117.7 萬人 ) 入息低於入息中明報、星島等評論
位數
10% 在職住戶是在職貧窮
註 : 參考樂施會發布的《香港貧窮報告：在職貧窮家庭狀況報告 (2003-2012) 》
http://www.oxfam.org.hk/filemgr/1972/20121113_povertyreport_TC_final.pdf
Slide 56 of 104
Potential Topics ( 經濟 )
• 香港定位：國際金融中心
• 香港過度依賴金融銀行服務業？危機？
註 : 參考信報評論
Slide 57 of 104
Potential Topics ( 倫理、道德 )
Trans-sexual sex status & 幹細胞研究

same sex marriage ( 熱 )
同性婚姻合法化 =
相關家庭成員權利
責任合法 : 例如領養子女 , 醫療 , 福
利 , 遺產承繼
香港開賭場 ?
Slide 58 of 104
Potential Topics ( 環境 )
• 膠袋收費擴大至大部份零售並建議零售商
收費後不用上繳，合理？可行？（零售商將
膠袋包括在售貨價錢內＝無收膠袋稅？或收
• 海水化淡另闢水源留後着費自用 = 多此一舉） ( 熱 )
(熱) • 是否有需要做到如此細緻，製造笑話？
• 東江水新協議
• 多此一舉，為甚麼？
• 數十年前 (1970/80) 樂安排
海水化淡廠 ( 近屯門青山灣 )
建好後廢置多年最終拆舍，當
廢鐵賣。超級高溫垃圾焚化爐
選址及諮詢 ( 熱 )
Slide 59 of 104
Potential Topics ( 交通 )
用 6 億協助三巴裝置 /
買減排設施，以紓減加 • 過海隧道回購及分流 ( 熱 )
價壓力？ • 政府沒有錢回購西隧？
• 政府為甚麼不可以提早回購東
隧，要「等」五年營運期滿後歸
還政府？
• 現建議紅 (+) 東 (-) 或政府每年
資助東 2 千萬
Support electric car ?

Slide 60 of 104
Potential Topics ( 娛樂 )
限制樓上酒吧營業時間 ?
可能是作文試題 :
民居受過度滋擾
大量投訴或衝突
民政局酒牌局
醫務衛生 ?
政策矛盾 ?
Slide 61 of 104
Example Case, Questions and Suggested
Answers
Example 1 - 醫療保障計劃：自願醫療保險方案
前一兩年的 interview question ，今年是 written? 高永文一大工作項目。
A. 背景：醫療融資自願醫保規則 :
原文： http://www.myhealthmychoice.gov.hk
1. 建標準化及具透明度的『標準保障
計劃』，作受資助醫保產品的先
決條件。
•保單承保範圍和條款需清晰和合理
•賠償水平和範圍，需確保病人能真正
使用私營服務，如入住私院三等房
•保費水平和結構需合理反映承保風
險和成本，並且有客觀釐定標準和具
透明度
•現時醫療產品『鋪鋪清』，即每年供款
只夠當年保費支出，自願醫保需具儲
蓄成分，鼓勵市民預留儲備，應付未
來退休保費和醫療支出
Slide 63 of 104
醫療保障計劃：自願醫療保險方案 … ( 續 )
2. 考慮額外誘因，鼓勵保險公
司為消費者提供有利條款
• 長期續保保證〈尤其是退休後〉
•無索償或低索償保費回饋
•年輕投保和長期投保保費折扣
3. 投保人可攜保單隨時『跳
槽』，如手提電話可帶號碼
過台，以及現有保險可過渡
至自願醫保
Slide 64 of 104
B. 在醫保計劃下提供的醫療保險計劃（核
准醫保）必須具備以下主要特點：
– 人人受保、終身續保
– 按照年齡劃分保費，調整保費根據指引
– 投保前已有的病症，一年等候期過後亦可受
保
– 高危人士亦可受保，附加保費設有上限
– 業界設高風險分攤基金，分擔高危人士風險
– 保費設無索償折扣（可高達 30% ）
– 可在離職後續保，可轉換保險公司
– 保險公司須呈報所有成本、索償及開支
– 劃一業界醫療保險條款及定義
– 設立政府規管的醫療保險索償仲裁機制
Slide 65 of 104
• 政府承諾從財政儲備撥出 500
億元，待醫療輔助融資的安排
落實後，用來支援醫療改革的
推行。我們會考慮運用這 500 億
元撥款來提供誘因，鼓勵市民
持續參與計劃，藉以紓緩對公
營醫療服務的長遠需求。
Slide 66 of 104
C. 計劃優點：
– 政府建議的醫療保險計劃（醫保計劃）
旨在加強消費者保障、收費透明度、質
素保證，以及私人醫療保險和私營醫
療服務界別的市場競爭。具體目標包
括：
• 為有能力又願意付款購買私人醫療保險和
使用私營醫療服務的人士提供更多及更好
保障的選擇。
• 透過讓更多市民選用私營醫療服務，紓緩
公營醫療服務的輪候情况，並把公營醫療
資源集中服務目標人口組別和用於目標範
疇。
• 令購備醫療保險的人士持續投保並負擔保
費直至年老，並透過使用私營服務以滿足
其醫療需要。
• 提高私人醫療保險和私營醫療服務的透明
度、市場競爭、使其更物有所值，以及加Slide強67 of 104
港人買醫保情況
年齡組別自行買保險由僱主提供醫同時自購及僱合計
(歲 ) 保或福利保障主提供
0 至 17 180,800 153,100 60,500 394,400
(46%) (39%) (15%) (100%)
18 至 39 313,000 469,200 304,700 1,086,900
(29%) (43%) (28%) (100%)
40 至 64 422,700 533,000 255,000 1,210,700
(35%) (44%) (21%) (100%)
65 或以上 27,300 38,700 2,000 68,000
(40 %) (57%) (3%) (100%)
總計 943,800 1,194,100 622,100 2,760,000
(34%) (43%) ( 註 1) (23%) ( 註 2) (100%) ( 註 3)
註 1 ：除僱主為員工購醫療保險外，當中 30 萬人屬獲政府提供醫療福利的公僕
及其家屬
註 2 ：在政府提供醫保外， 13 萬名公務員及其家屬另自購
註 3 ：扣除 43 萬名獲政府醫療福利的公務員及其家屬，即有 230 萬人正投保
註 4 ：上述數字以四捨五入計算，各數字相加或與總數不符
資料來源：政府統計處於 08 年進行的主題性住戶調查
Slide 68 of 104
私人醫保保單數目及保費
年份保單數目平均每受保人保費
( 元 / 每年 )
團體保單個人保單團體保單個人保單
04 23 萬 140 萬 2,224 2,147
05 25 萬 140 萬 2,300 2,225
06 26 萬 160 萬 2,422 2,345
07 28 萬 160 萬 2,721 2,327
08 29 萬 170 萬 2,906 2,543
資料來源：綜合保險業聯會及保險業監理處資料
Slide 69 of 104
• 計劃：問題阻力
1. 醫療保險界別
– 醫療保險公司認為規管過『辣』，計劃
令醫療保險運作面對無形利潤管制，
因收費及賠償都受更嚴密監管，例如
被逼接受 BAD RISK ，但整體營業是否上
升則不明朗，因現有客戶大多已經是
中產階層，將來參與此計劃者亦以中
產為主，未見其利，先見其『憂』。
– 第二憂慮是政府會與保險公司競爭。
如保險公司對此計劃推行及參與興趣
不大，政府可能組織類似保險機構，根
據規則需要，向市民提供醫療保險。
2. 私家醫生和醫院
– 面對醫療保險公司相同憂慮。
– 醫療程序可以異常複雜，要視乎個別
病人病情，根本無法訂立標準收費。
Slide 70 of 104
• 計劃：問題阻力 … ( 續 )
3. 中產者
– 留在現有私營醫療保險，小病用保險，大病大
手術用政府，還可以從私營保單爭取 rebate 〈回
補〉，享受雙重保障，參加政府自願計劃誘因
不足。
4. 貧困者及長期病患者
– 在新計劃中全無得益，他們沒有能力支付保
費，仍要在公立醫院輪後，中產階層仍用私家
醫療，但遇到重大事故〈如電腦掃描證實急性癌症〉會
到公立醫院插隊。
– 現時香港政府醫療開支只佔本地 GDP 不到
5% ， OECD 國家是 8.1% ，政府應為低下貧困階層
供應免費保險。
– 長期病患者， 65 歲以上老人為何不用政府服
務，轉賣保險？
– 500 億資金不如直接注入醫局，改善社區醫療
服務，對各階層更加實惠。
Slide 71 of 104
• 問題：這自願醫保方案
是否推行成功，市民反
應、保險及私營醫療公
司配合是關鍵，你在食
物及衛生局工作〈副局
長〉，負責向有關團體
解釋計劃，解除其憂
慮。
Slide 72 of 104
• 解釋：
醫療保參加新計劃的大部分市民預計是由現有私人醫保轉過來，
險公司市民用於醫療總開支維持在 GDP 約 6% 左右〈半公半私〉，但
〈假設是預計亦有部份是以前未買醫保市民，總增加多少未能預算
與醫療，但預計不會減少，以前私營醫保不保項目會在新計劃立
保險公入受保範圍，將會吸引更多或新投保者。
司聯會如有政府成立的獨立新保險計劃執行監管及糾紛仲裁，透
代表開明度提高，會增加市民參加新計劃信心，更多人參加。
會〉
政府出資 500 億資助貧困、老弱及長期病患者購買新計劃，
整體持醫療保險計劃市民增加，不是減少，醫療保險公司客
戶增加。
私家醫現時私家醫生和醫院已有與醫療保險公司合作或甚至聯盟
生和醫，早已認識一般醫療保險公司級別、賠償範圍、限額等條款
院 (e.g. HK ，新計劃亦是同類安排，沒有在原則及保障範圍上有
Slide重大104
73 of
• 解釋：
中產階新計劃設立收費，服務素質監管，由現有私營計劃轉到新
層〈假設計劃不會令費用增加，但在將來收費變動及服務素質更有
是中產保障。
聯盟〉這計劃從長遠角度看有儲蓄成分，一旦加入計劃，並長期參
與，則前期保險金有助減低後期老年時保險金加價壓力。
政府預留 500 億撥款以降低前期參與費用，鼓勵市民參與。
有需要市民仍可使用公立醫院。
低收入政府已撥款 500 億作為津貼補助基金以幫助有需要階層。
及長期原有公營醫療系統運作不變，香港居民不會因經濟擔當能
病患者力低而無法使用公營醫療。
〈假設是
500 億直接注入醫管局只解決短期 3-5 年問題，長期 10-15-20
社區組
年人口老化引致醫療開支大增對政府財政構成重大壓力。
織、社
會服務 Slide 74 of 104
醫療保障計劃 … ( 續 )
• 公共專業聯盟 2011 年 8 月意見

1. 把強化醫療及私營醫療規管與自願
醫保「綑綁」，難分辨新舊制度優、
劣。
2. 自願醫保如何影響現有醫保門診？
Slide 75 of 104
2011 年 8 月 – 11 月意見：星島、經濟日報楊森
500 億包底
Pros Cons
令自願醫保有折扣，減要吸引大量年輕健康市
輕市民負擔。民參與，分擔風險及延
續性。
承保高風險長期病患人對年青人不公平，要間
士。接資助整體供費，他們
無責任資助 ( 政府 ) 此
自願醫保計劃。
套餐式收費令保險公司
及醫院因價就貨重量
( 成本 ) 不重質。醫生亦
會被壓價 ( 美國多此例
Slide 76 of 104
自願醫保：醫療私營化政策借屍還魂？
Pros Cons
政府監管：私營醫療私營醫療：牟利為主多
- 收費做多收 ( 多做不必要手
- 服務質素術？檢驗？ ) 。
多人參與，整體成本降保險公司審批索償嚴苛
低，個別分擔減輕。。
蜜月期後保費上升。
政府奉行大市場小政府。
如何有效監管保險公司
及醫療集團？會否是翻
版強積金監管收費失敗
歷史？ Slide 77 of 104
Example Case 2 - Columbarium Policy
只作參考 , 問題基本舒緩 , 還有私營不合格者在上訴 ?
Advisory Council on Food and Environmental

Hygiene - Review of Columbarium Policy
(2 Sep 2010)
1. The number of deaths and the number of
cremations have been rising gradually every
year, resulting in an increasing public
demand for columbarium facilities.
2. Prevailing practice in the community is to
deposit the cremains of the deceased in
columbaria on a permanent basis.
Slide 78 of 104
Columbarium Policy … (Cont’d)
3. Columbarium development should be taken
forward in the following directions –
① Increasing the supply of columbarium facilities
to meet the overall public demand;
② Encouraging public acceptance of more
environmentally friendly and sustainable means
of handling cremains;
③ Enhancing consumer protection in the choice of
private columbaria; and
④ Enhancing the regulation of private columbaria
to ensure better handling of non-compliant
cases.
Slide 79 of 104
4. Increasing the supply of columbarium facilities
– To expedite the provision of niches ( 龕位 ),
different districts (18 districts) and / or regions (five
LegCo geographical constituencies) should
collectively share the responsibility of developing
columbarium facilities. Government will step up
efforts to identify suitable locations for the
development of columbarium facilities across the
territory.
– The Government has tentatively shortlisted 12 sites
in seven districts for studying whether it would be
feasible and appropriate to develop them for
columbarium use.
– Construction of or conversion of multi-storey
buildings into columbarium blocks can also be
considered.
Slide 80 of 104
District Potential Site
1 Eastern Cape Collinson Road, Chai Wan Chinese Permanent Cemetery
Columbarium, next to Wan Tsui Estate Park
2 Wong Tai Sin Diamond Hill columbarium extension
3 Sha Tin On Hing Lane, Shek Mun, next to Shatin Refuse Transfer Station
4 Sha Tin Fu Shan columbarium extension
5 North Surplus coffin burial grounds, Wo Hop Shek Cemetery
6 North Undeveloped areas, Sandy Ridge Cemetery
7 Tuen Mun Tsang Tsui ash lagoon, Black Point Power Station
8 Kwai Tsing Ex-Kwai Chung Incineration Plant on Kwai Yu Street
9 Kwai Tsing Kwai Tai Road, ex-Kwai Chung Incineration Plant
10 Kwai Tsing Tsing Tsuen Road near Tsuen Wan Chinese Permanent Cemetery
11 Islands Cheung Chau Cemetery extension
12 Islands Mui Wo Lai Chi Yuen extension
For further details, please refer to the on-line version :

http://www.careers.hku.hk/crp/material.html Slide 81 of 104
hide
• Community Reaction : Anger over industrial unit columbarium
plan
– Kwai Tsing residents are angry about a planned private project to
convert an industrial building in the area into a four-storey
columbarium, fearing traffic in the district will increase.
– A plan to convert an industrial building at 14-15 Yip Shing Street in
Kwai Chung into a columbarium, offering some 43,500 niches, is at
the centre of the dispute.
– In the application filed with the government, the landlord, who
bought the building for HK$48.5 million early this year, says the
columbarium could start operating early next year if approval is
given.
– More than 100 residents of Shek Mun Estate petitioned Government
House against the proposal to build a columbarium near their
homes.
Slide 82 of 104
hide
• Assume : As Assistant Secretary of Food & health
Bureau and you are going to take part in Kwai
Ching District Committee Meeting, how could you
explain & keep government to get this new policy
accepted?
• Supporting Points :
1. According to a Democratic Party survey, 60
percent of the 778 interviewees supported the
idea of converting idled industrial buildings into
multi-storey columbarium buildings to increase
the supply of columbaria.
Slide 83 of 104
hide
2. The Hong Kong Institute of Architects supports the increase
supply alternative and legal means for providing columbarium
facilities should be explored
2.1. In the urban areas, small columbaria annexed to parks or even
country parks, underground columbaria, defunct air-raid shelters, rock
cravens, abandoned land fills etc. should be explored.
2.2. Scientific analysis on sufficiency of infrastructure and transport
facilities during peak seasons should be studied to justify the
anticipated increase.
2.3. Allowing high-rise buildings for storage of urns, and converting
industrial buildings into columbarium facilities. Actions on planning
and design of the last remaining zoned piece of land for large urban
scale columbarium facilities at Tuen Mun.
2.4. Columbaria in remote areas are only acceptable if the problems on
means of transportation during peak seasons can be resolved
Slide 84 of 104
hide
Increasing the Supply of Columbarium Facilities
Slide 85 of 104
hide
Increasing the Supply of Columbarium Facilities
Slide 86 of 104
hide
3. Private Columbarium Development
3.1. Lands Department and Planning Department
should strictly enforce cases of lease and
violations respectively
3.2. Besides strict compliance to Building
Regulations, criteria like greening, maximum
number of niches, air pollution abatement
measures, and infrastructure capacity should all
be taken into consideration
Slide 87 of 104
hide
4. 'Not in my backyard' mind set have to change to accommodate changes
when space is limited like cities in Japan with urban integrated
columbarium
4.1. Chief Executive Donald Tsang said columbariums should be built in
each of Hong Kong's 18 districts and the responsibility to meet public
needs did not lie only with officials but also with district residents.
Every district has an obligation to actively consider it whenever the
government suggests a site.
4.2. Tsang said at the annual Summit on District Administration. "People
do not welcome some unpopular facilities. Despite growing public
needs for these facilities, there is a 'not in my backyard' attitude.“
Many churches and temples in Central and Western District, the
most urbanised and busy zone, but these will be good locations to
add columbarium.
4.3. At present, there is no public columbarium in Tuen Mun, which has
complained about becoming the dumping ground for unpopular
facilities such as rubbish dumps, incinerators and offensive
industries.
Slide 88 of 104
hide
Columbarium Policy : could come back as AO topic
Latest development : Nov 2011

1. Published classification list
1.1 conform sites
1.2 non-conform sites
A). still being process for conformity
B). not approved columbarium : restore site to non
columbarium use (evacuation? public uproar? PR
& government policy)
C). This could be AO interview on
administration/execution problem. PR skill, uphold
policy. What intermediate 緩衝辦法 ?
Slide 89 of 104
hide
Columbarium Policy : could come back as AO topic
Latest development : Nov 2011
2. Still search for bigger sites from the 12 districts…a
long & tedious process with extensive
consultation
3. Extensive district consultation not actively
pursued
4. Develop underground caves “ 熔洞” . The most
feasible & least objected approach. From
engineering point, not complicated & can be
done. Hong Kong has very strong civil engineering
experience in this, e.g. MTR tunneling
Slide 90 of 104
Example Case 3 - 新居屋計劃
由曾蔭權提出 , 梁振英不再提 , 擱置 ? Makes no sense.
供應歷史：居屋 / 私樓
居屋私樓總
1977 - 1987 9,000 2.6 萬 3.5 萬
( 入住 2.3 萬 )
1987 - 1997 1.58 萬 3 萬 4.58 萬
( 入住 2.5 萬 )
1997 - 2002 1.5 萬 2.3 萬 3.8 萬
( 入住 1.9 萬
發展商受壓 )
2003 SARS 0 1 – 1.5 萬 ?
8 萬 5 示威 2 萬
2009, 2010, 2011 8 千 – 1.2 萬 1 – 1.5 萬 ( way
發展商一年 below 2.5 萬平
Slide 91 of 104
新居屋計劃… ( 續 )
供求 2012 ： 5 – 6 年後 ( 近火遠水 )
供：居屋 / 公屋 / 私樓求
新居屋約由 2016 年： A 5000 2010 估計私樓非業主有
( 遠水 ?) 10.6 萬合資格申請 ( 以
2010 白表入息限額計 )
出租公屋： B 新居屋計劃入息上限提高
15000 至 30000 元，潛在合資格申
A+B = 20000
請者 > 10 萬
發展商私營土地預留 = C 20000 比例：只滿足 5%
( 假設有 10 萬申請者 )
總 = A+B+C =
40000
公 / 私比例： 1 比
1
Slide 92 of 104
• 計劃重點
1. 新居屋的對象是每月收入低於三萬
元。
2. 主要是屬首次置業人士。
3. 面積約四百至五百平方呎的單位。
4. 可負擔的樓價發售。
5. 將售價與合資格家庭的供樓能力掛
鈎，確保按揭還款與入息比例的中位
數不會超越 40% ；及有半數單位的價
格，是定於白表居屋申請人入息限額
內可以負擔的範圍內。
Slide 93 of 104
• 補價新安排不應收息
– 當局用「貸款」而不用「差價金額」，可
能內有玄機。貸款一般須付利息，但當
局如慷慨處理，可以免收利息。即是新
居屋計劃的業主，在買入居屋單位時
以該單位的估計巿價，減去折扣後支
付、的實際價格的相差，日後在公開巿
場出售該單位時，只須償還該差額金
額（或視之為免息貸款）。
Slide 94 of 104
• 買：負擔能力公式
1. A = 樓價，估計市值
B = 按揭還款 = 入息中位數 X 40%
2. A > B
3. C = A – B 差額 = 購入單位時資助貸款
• 賣：
A. 出售前償還 C ，免息
B. 不用補地價 ( = 居屋六合彩 ) 地價升值利益全歸
業主
• 政府賣大飽 :
– 以上1 ( 第一次大飽 )
– B ( 第二次更大大飽 )
– 房屋委員會做兩次蝕本生意
Slide 95 of 104
Example Case 4 - 強積金 ( 熱門 )
Potential topic -
MPF : High Fee, Low Return
「十大漏洞」，「七宗罪」等。
What Next?
背景資料
2010
• 累積總額 : 3457 億 ( 未計積金局費用，早期政府
• 行政費用： 65 億曾有此計劃，積金局行政費
在強積金中收取 )
= 1.88%
• 年率化內部回報率，扣除行政費用 = 5.1%
( IRR = 5.1% 。你明白？一般市民明白？ )
Source: 信報
Slide 96 of 104
強積金… ( 續 )
各類成分基金的年回報和平均儲蓄基金年回報率
、最高、最低基本管理費基金 1 年 3 年自成管理
( 2011 資料 , 半自由行後未更新 (%) (%) 立費
) (%) (%)
基金類型年管理費 (%) 信安港元儲蓄基金– -0.54 -0.2 0.82* 1.36*
回平最最 ( 直接收費選擇 (600 系
報均高低列 )
(%)
信安港元儲蓄基金– -0.77 -0.44 0.61* 1.36*
股票基金 5.4 1.95 3.21 0.88
( 間接收費選擇 (600 系
混合資產 4.5 2.03 3.38 1.26 列 )
基金信安港元儲蓄基金– -0.53 -0.18 0.87* 1.35*
債券基金 4.2 1.92 2.57 1.24 ( 直接收費選擇 (800 系
保證基金* 1.6 2.36 4.03 1.34 列 )
強積金保 1.2 1.13 2.43 0.54 信安港元儲蓄基金– -0.68 -0.32 0.78* 1.53*
守基金* ( 間接收費選擇 (800 系
列 ) Source: 信報
其
* 他*
0.9 1.49 1.59 1.10
信安美元儲蓄基金– -1.03 -3.81 -0.13* 1.35*
1. 誰人賺錢最多？ ( 直接收費選擇 (800 系
2. 錢是從甚麼群眾身上賺到？
列)
-1.18 -3.98 Slide 971.53*
-0.29* of 104
問題
• 收費過高，整體平均 1.88% - 1.92% ( 與
歐、美、澳平均 0.5-1.2% 高 )
–但香港整體總基金額規模較細
–什麼時間及總基金規模才可降至歐
美水平？政府可否資助？或有其他方
法減輕供款的負擔令回報合理，減
少民怨。
• MPF 最大得益者：基金公司
• 強積金半自由行： 2012 下半年開始
• 甚麼時候全自由行？
Slide 98 of 104
• 半自由行定義 :
俗稱強積金「半自由行」計劃之所以叫「半」，是因為僱員並不能完全
自主選擇強積金受託人；僱員可自由選擇強積金受託人的部分有：
– 從前受僱期間僱主及僱員強制性供款所產生的累算權益，可隨時轉
移至自選註冊強積金計劃。
– 現時受僱期間僱員強制性供款所產生的累算權益，每年至少一次一
筆過轉移至自選註冊強積金計劃。
至於現時受僱期間的新供款 ( 包括僱主及僱員部分 ) 須繼續由僱主選
擇的強積金受託人管理。
( 美國友邦退休金管理及信託有限公司
高級副總裁暨執行董事謝佩蘭小姐 )
銀聯信託有限公司
Slide 99 of 104
• 半或全自由行並不能真正解決收費過
高問題
• 原因：經十多年發展基金行業漸向寡頭
壟斷；幾個大集團佔大部份市場額，影
響收費定價，競爭不足？ ( 但自由競爭法
仍要多年討論、立法、來日方長，遠水和
近火的老問題。 )
Slide 100 of 104

• AO 問題：政府可以做甚麼？
1. 資助收費上限？至何時？
– 立法訂收費上限？大政府問題。
2. 政府供 1% 。基本政策政府一向抗拒，長期負
擔，甚麼開支、精算計算可行性。 ( 可行性高 /
低 ) ，政府怕日後增加財政負擔壓力，但其他
政府又怕甚麼 :
– 新加坡總供款 = 約 20%
• 一般總供款在 12% - 15% ( 供 35-40 年，淨投
資回報 5%-6% ) 較穩健
– 如要提供退休保障 ( 退休之薪金 40%-60% )
3. 無為等至基金規模慢慢增長去一萬億 ( 現在 4-
5 千億 ) ，收費漸漸下降至合理水平。但民怨累
積 ( 沒有長遠人口政策，不理會人口老化問題 )
Slide 101 of 104
• AO 問題：政府可以做甚麼？
4. 可能建議 ( 2012 年 10 月積金局透露 )
Pros Cons
非牟利托管人 (Trustee) - 減輕所有 MPF 托管人 - 與商界爭利
註 : 基金運作 : 投資基收費負擔，更合理回報 - 影響自由經濟原則
金經理與托管人是分 - 非牟利機構改善服 - 政府面對更多要求
開的，各自收管理費務動力弱，官僚 ? 全民退休保障
- 政府有承擔，改善民
望
設立低收費基金： - 減低基金管理費 ( 至 - 經濟衰退時回報差，
債券基金 ETF 0.25, 0.5, 0.75% ) 美國 ETF 市民怨政府要政府保
市場指數基金：盈富、恆指 = 0.25% - 0.2% 底
、滬深 300 - 回報與大市掛勾少 - 可能要政府做基金
爭論經理
- 長期回報較好 ( 大量 - 金管局或積金局上
研究指出 50 - 60% 基金身，與基金業競爭
經理跑輸指數長期回
報 ) Slide 102 of 104
註：
• 無為？什麼憂慮 ( 財政負擔？計數？ )
• If you are an actuarial science student, you could make
some modeling & check relevant reference to build
your argument if you get this question
Slide 103 of 104

Contact Us | Q&A
Room 303, Meng Wah Complex, The University of

Hong Kong
2859 2314
guidance@cedars.hku.hk
http://www.careers.hku.hk
Tell us your JRE experience!

Click to open the Past Interview Questions form at
http://www.hku.hk/careers/NEW/forstudent/forms/InterviewFeedback.doc and
submit to us through the above email.
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Previous Case & Questions (2011, 2010)

Examination Topic Selection Criteria &

Example Case, Questions & Suggested Answers

Advice on Case Handling Procedures

16/8 21/9 24/9

6/10 3/10 26/9

8/12 2013 Feb - Mar/Apr

– Population is around 8 million

Think in the Box:

Think out of the Box:

• 2011 年 15 至 24 歲男女月入中位數為 8,000 元，與 2001

• The government may consider these solutions:

• Topic = Problems : New Territories Small House Policy ( 丁

• 丁 屋、丁 權：土 地 有 限，丁 權 無 限？

解決方案 Pros Cons

1. 丁 屋、丁 廈 - 以高度解決平面空間不足 - 增加原居民與非原居民

Earlier JRE Questions

• Past 6-12 months government policy issue. Policy dilemma

發展香港醫療產業 醫療美容管制 公私營協作計劃

如政府預 100 億建醫院

Trans-sexual sex status & 幹細胞研究

Support electric car ?

• 公共專業聯盟 2011 年 8 月意見

Advisory Council on Food and Environmental

For further details, please refer to the on-line version :

Latest development : Nov 2011

由曾蔭權提出 , 梁振英不再提 , 擱置 ? Makes no sense.

Slide 100 of 104

Slide 103 of 104

Room 303, Meng Wah Complex, The University of

Tell us your JRE experience!

Slide 104 of 104

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