BASIC

INTELLIGENCE
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Definition of Terms

1. Intelligence – an end product (knowledge)

resulting from the recording, evaluation,
analysis, integration and interpretation of
information concerning an enemy whether
actual or potential to include weather and
terrain in the area of operation.
- the activity involved in the
production of that end product which
includes collection, processing,
dissemination and use of the knowledge.
2. Counter-Intelligence – denies information
to the enemy, increases the security of the
command and aids in achieving surprises. It
consists passive and active measures.
3. Intelligence Cycle – Intelligence work is a
continuous process. It is a repetition of what
has transpired or become known. There is
neither a beginning nor an end. There is no
first nor last phase, hence a cycle.
II. PRINCIPLES
OF INTELLIGENCE
A. General
- intelligence operations are influenced by such
element of the operational units as the
commander’s mission limitation imposed by
national policy or higher commands, scale of use
of weapons, the locality, the nature of friendly
and enemy forces and the civil population in the
area.
B. Commander’s Need
- Different Commanding Officer need
information on different geographical areas.
Some of their needs, however, are from
overlapping areas. Plans, orders and request
are concerned with definite area, particularly
the area of influence of the command.
C. Planning
- Intelligence requires careful and thorough
planning. It includes the anticipation of
intelligence needs the organization to fulfill
the needs and supervision of the
organization. It is continuous and must be
adopted to changing conditions.
D. Use
- Intelligence must be adequate for the
purpose for which it utilized.
E. Timeliness
- Intelligence must reach the user on time to
serve as a basis for appropriate action.
F. Flexibility
- Intelligence activities are based on reason and
judgment and not on fixed procedures.
G. Security
- Constant security measures must be
undertaken to deny unauthorized personnel
information about operations, sources of
information and the intelligence product.
H. Imagination, Foresight and Resourcefulness
- for intelligence personnel and agencies should
use resourcefulness for future intelligence needs
so that all available information can be
developed and exploited to produce intelligence
for the user.
I. An Integral Part of Military Operations
- Intelligence activities are integral parts of the
operations of all units, both combat and service.
J. Continuity
- The basic principle of intelligence operations is
that intelligence activities follows a simple
continuous cycle.
K. Intelligence as a cycle
- All intelligence activities generally follow a
three phase cycle oriented to the commander’s
mission. This cycle is continuous and all steps
are carried out at the same time.
III. INTELLIGENCE
CYCLE
Intelligence Cycle is the sequence of
steps that raw information has to go
through before it is processed into
useful intelligence ready to be
disseminated and used by the units
needing them.
1. Collection Planning and
Issuance of Orders
- This step involves the development of a plan for
the collection effort, which is in accordance with
the mission of the unit and the present enemy
situation. The collection of needed information
are then sent to the selected “collection
agencies” which are friendly units and
organization who are in a position to gather
them. The intelligence collection planning must
be a continuous effort and must begin even
before the receipt of orders from higher
headquarters.
2.Collection of information
- This step is the implementation of the
collection plan and involves the effort of the
intelligence sections of the unit to obtain
adequate information regarding the enemy
and the actual situation in the area of
operation. Here are the recommended
procedures to be followed in reporting
information collected about the enemy:
A. Essential Elements of Information (EEI).
It is the responsibility of the individual
soldier in the field to report quickly,
completely and accurately all information,
which he has gathered about the enemy.
The following essential elements of the
information should be included in the
report: WHAT, WHERE AND WHEN. Answers
to these questions will be aid the
intelligence personnel in processing your
information.
Example:
What - fifteen(15) rebels in black uniform,
traveling NE on logging road
towards the town of Pantao,Ragat,
Where – Temporary halted at hill 124
GC 213524
When- 181030H Apr 2003
B. Format

- a more comprehensive way on how to report

information about enemy is to follow the S-A-L-U-
T-E format:
S-Size…………..Enemy Company of about 80 infantry
A-Activity……..digging mortar emplacement and
laying land mines
L-Location……..On a ridge at GC 81238180
U-Unit…………..3rd Coy, National Guard Battalion
T- Time…………191600H Jul 2002
E- Equipment…4 tubes 81 mm mortar 2 units .50
Cal MG, 50 Units M16 Rifles and
assorted anti tank weapon
3.Processing of information

- It is the step of the intelligence cycle

wherein all gathered information is
deliberately processed to transform
them into useful intelligence . The
processing of information involves the
following:
A. Recording

- The process of arranging the gathered

information into systematic patterns to
facilitate its evaluation and interpretation.
Recording is done through the entry of the
information into the intelligence journals,
workbooks, information or reference files
and the order of the battle.
B. Evaluation

- This process involves the careful examination

of the gathered information to determine its
accuracy and pertinence to the desired
product of the intelligence effort. Information
is considered pertinent if it concerns the
enemy, it relates to the characteristics of the
area of operation, and it is needed
immediately, or has possible present or future
value.
1) Reliability of Information
A – Completely Reliable
B – Usually Reliable
C – Fairly Reliable
D – Not usually, Reliable
E – Unreliable
F – Reliability Cannot be Judge
2) Veracity of Report
1 – Confirmed by Other Sources
2 – Probably True
3 – Possibly
4 – Doubtful
5 – Improbable
6 - Truth
3) Dependability of Source
T – Direct Observation
U – Provided by Penetration/Resident Agent
V – AFP Troops Involved in Encounter/Operation
W – Acquired Through Interrogation of Captured
enemy
X – Provided by Government Civilian Employee
Y – Provided by Members of the Populace
Z – Acquired from Documentary Source
C. Interpretation

-This process involves the determination of the

evaluated information and the deliberate and
logical drawing of its probable meaning. The
interpretation process basically consists of
the sub-processes of Analysis, Integration
and Deduction.
D. Dissemination and Use

-The resulting intelligence will only be of value

when it is promptly disseminated to and
immediately received and put to use by the
receiving units. It is therefore very necessary to
have an efficient intelligence dissemination plan
in order that all processed intelligence are
provided to units who may have use for them at
the soonest possible time. Proper dissemination
will also provide knowledge on how newly
gathered information in other intelligence units
may be processed.
 INTELLIGENCE CYCLE

Collection, Planning and Issuance of Orders

A. Essential
A. Recording Elements of
B. Evaluation
MISSION Information
C. Interpretation ( EEIs)
D. Dissemination B. Format
and Use
E-N-D