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273-Tomasovic PDF
273-Tomasovic PDF
Quality (ICREPQ’09)
European Association for the
Development of Renewable Energies,
Environment and Power Quality Valencia (Spain), 15th to 17th April, 2009
Abstract Generation of electrical energy in large than enough to cover consumption of the refinery. Load
conventional plants (thermal, hydro, nuclear) in last ten years in Etan that consists mostly of induction motors is
worldwide is being supplemented by small generation utilities. connected to the LV busses through two power
Etan is a gas refining facility. Power supply is provided by two transformers 10/0,4 kV of rated power 1,6 MVA each.
turbo generators and each of them can independently cover the Etan is through a 4,5 km long cable connected to 10 kV
consumption of Etan. Etan usually works in insular operation, bus in distribution network’s substation 35/10 kV Ivanic
but it can also work parallel to the distribution system, Grad (point of common coupling - PCC). Cable
especially in cases of maintenance of generator units. Etan is
connected to the MV distribution power system (10 kV bus in
connection is reserved for power supply of Etan in case
substation 35/10 kV Ivanic Grad) through a 4,5 km long cable. of generators’ reconstruction. Etan facility is connected
Load in Etan consist mostly of induction motors. Power to the power transformer which has loaded tertiary
electronic devices are used for control of motor loads. The winding. The rated power of the transformer is 8/4/4
working process of the refinery is always the same so the load MVA. Secondary and tertiary windings have separated
is not varying with time. busses. Etan – industrial consumer is connected to the
It is very important to know the influence of this kind of secondary winding, and distribution loads like household
industrial consumers with distributed generation on power consumers are connected to the tertiary winding. High
quality. percentage of motor loads and power electronic devices
Power quality measurements were performed at three
measurement points with the power quality analyzer ION 7650
suggest that harmonics may represent a significant
of company Power Measurement. problem for all loads connected to distribution system, in
The aim of this paper is to compare harmonic measurements case when Etan is working parallel to the distribution
and calculations at all three measuring points in different system. A major effect of harmonic voltages and currents
operating conditions depending on the production of generator is increased heating of power system elements like power
in Etan. transformers, motors, generators, cables, lines, etc.
Except increased heating there is a possibility of system
Key words resonance that can destroy system elements like capacitor
banks.
Distributed generation, power quality, harmonic
measurements, harmonic calculation. 2. Measurement
1. Introduction The measurements were performed in order to determine
of power quality parameters, especially harmonics, in the
Etan now usually works in insular operation, but in the distribution power system. The measurements were
future, the refinery should operate parallel to the performed in cases when Etan is not connected to the
distribution system, with option of exporting energy to system and when Etan is working parallel to the system.
the power system. Turbo generators in Etan have rated In case when Etan is working parallel to the system,
power of 3,325 MVA each. They are connected directly measurements were carried out for three different
to the 10 kV bus without power transformers. The situations: with power generation of 1,9 MW (more than
generators always work separately. The maximum Etan’s consumption), with power generation of 0,3 MW
consumption of Etan is 1,6 MW, so one generator is more (less than Etan’s consumption) and with power
generation of 0 MW (all consumption is covered by the Measurement results of harmonics (peak value in
distribution system). Measuring points in distribution percentage of nominal voltage) on the 10 kV bus in
power system and in Etan refinery are shown on figure 1. substation Ivanic Grad – on secondary transformer
Instruments were set at three measuring points and winding (MT2) in case when Etan is working parallel to
measurements were taken simultaneously at all the system, for all three different cases are shown on
measuring points. First measuring point was on the 35 kV figure 3.
bus in substation Ivanic Grad - MT1, second measuring
point was on the 10 kV bus in substation Ivanic Grad Measurement results in MT2 for different generator operating points
1,2
35 kV
% Un
1
MT1 0,8
Y 0,6
T2 35/10/10 kV
y d TS 35/10/10 kV Ivanić Grad
8/4/4 MVA
Yy0d5 0,4
0,2
10 kV 10 kV
0
THD 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Harmonic order
MT2
cable "Etan2"
≈ 4,5 km
cable "Etan1"
≈ 4,5 km
Fig. 3. Measurement results of harmonics on the 10 kV
bus in substation Ivanic Grad – on secondary transformer
winding (MT2) for three different cases
10 kV
MT3
Measurement results of harmonics (peak value in
10/0,4 kV
1,6 MVA
10/0,4 kV
1,6 MVA
Dy5
Etan Gas rafinery
percentage of nominal voltage) on the 10 kV bus in Etan
Dy5
G2 G1
refinery (MT3) in case when Etan is working parallel to
0,4 kV
the system, for all three different cases are shown on
Load
MT1 - Power Measurement ION 7650
MT2 - Power Measurement ION 7650
MT3 - Power Measurement ION 7650
figure 4.
MAX
1,6 MW
Measurement results in MT3 for different generator operating points
0
THD 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Harmonic order
Measurement results in MT1 for different generator operating points
1,8
MT1 - Generator production 1,9 MW
Fig. 4. Measurement results of harmonics on the 10 kV
1,6
MT1 - Generator production 0,3 MW
bus in Etan refinery (MT3) for three different cases
1,4
MT1 - Generator production 0 MW
1,2
Harmonic measurement results analysis was carried out
according to international standards and technical reports
% Un
0,8
regarding power quality in distribution networks at
0,6
medium voltage level and low voltage level [1] and [2].
0,4
The comparison with limits that are given for harmonics
in international standards and technical reports was made
0,2
for every measurement point.
0
THD 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Harmonic order
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Measuring period according to EN 50160 [1] should be
one week, and 95% maximum weekly value of
harmonics should not exceed limits given in EN 50160.
Fig. 2. Measurement results of harmonics on the 35 kV The exception for this measurement is length of
bus in substation Ivanic Grad (MT1) for three different measuring period that was less then one week, because
cases operation process that is not economically justified.
Maximum measured values were compared with those
given in the norm (maximum 95% weekly values were Calculation results in MT1 for different generator operating points
1,6
MT1 - Generator production 0,3 MW
1,4
MT1 - Generator production 0 MW
3. Calculation 1,2
% Un
1
shown on figure 5. 0
Etan. 0,4
0,2
0
THD 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Harmonic order
1,8
MT3 - Generator production 1,9 MW
1,6
MT3 - Generator production 0,3 MW
1,4
MT3 - Generator production 0 MW
1,2
% Un
0,8
0,2
Grad (MT1) in case of Etan working parallel to the Fig. 8. Simulation results of harmonics on the 10 kV bus
system, for all three different cases are shown on in Etan refinery (MT3) in three different cases
figure 6.
known. The load in the system however is subject to
4. Conclusion changes and cannot be represented exactly in
calculations. Variation of the load, which is normal in
Simulation results of harmonic analysis were compared power systems, is seen as an important part in the
with harmonic measurement results, at all three analysis. With good knowledge of the load connected to
measuring points and for all three different cases: with the part of power system, which is being observed and
power generation of 1,9 MW, with power generation of individual specifications, model for the simulation can be
0,3 MW and with power generation of 0 MW in refinery more detailed and therefore give better simulation results.
Etan. Both results of measurements and of simulations
are within the limits given by EN 50160.
Measurement results for voltage total harmonic distortion References
are consistent with values of the simulation for all three
measuring points. There are small differences between [1] EN 50160: 1999, Voltage characteristics of
results (measurement results are greater than simulation electricity supplied by public distribution systems.
results) but all values are relatively small for distribution [2] IEC/TR 61000-3-6: 1996, Electromagnetic
power system (according to EN 50160 the limit for THD compatibility (EMC)- Part 3:Limits - Section 6:
is 8 %). Assessment of emission limits for distorting loads in
In both cases at all three measuring points, minimal MV and HV power systems – Basic EMC
values of THD appear when the power generation is publication.
1,9 MW, and maximal THD appears when power [3] Power Measurement – ION 7650 user guide,
generation is 0 MW. www.eliteas.com/pml/PMLACFILES/7550_7650_
Individual voltage harmonic values for all three userguide.pdf
measuring points differ from values of the simulation. [4] Etap – PowerStation help manual, www.etap.com.
Differences in measurement and simulation results are
present due to the lack of data. It is obvious that
parameters of transformers, cables and lines are exactly