GRAMMAR. CLASS 1.

Profesora Luciana Chitarroni

PRONOUNS
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
El pronombre sujeto en una oración es la persona, animal o cosa que hace la acción determinada por el verbo. Por
ejemplo:
I have a bath in the morning = Yo me baño por la mañana.
They are playing football now= Ellos estan jugando al fútbol ahora.

Los pronombres personales en inglés:

I = yo
You = tú, usted, vos, ustedes.
He = él
She = ella
It = se usa para cosas sin género, animales, etc
We = nosotros
They = ellos.

El YOU significa VOS o USTEDES!!!El contexto me va a determinar a cual nos estamos refiriendo.

OBJECT PRONOUNS
El pronombre objecto en una oración, es la persona, animal o cosa que recibe la acción determinada por el verbo. Lo
usamos para no repetir el pronombre sujeto. Por ejemplo:
NO DECIMOS: My sister is very friendly. Everyone likes my sister (no podemos repetir MY SISTER)
DECIMOS: My sister is very friendly. Everyone likes her. (Mi hermana es muy amable. Todos la quieren)

SUBJET OBJECT
PRONOUN PRONOUN
I ME

YOU YOU

HE HIM

SHE HER

IT IT

WE US

YOU YOU
 THEY THEM

EXAMPLES
This is  Jack. He's my brother. I don't think you have met him.
Subject pronoun object pronoun

Talk to your parents and ask them to help you

Subject pronoun object prono

EXERCISES

A) Sustituir la palabra que esta subrayada con un subject pronouns:

1. Peter and Paul ( THEY ) study French and German.

2. The cat (…………) is in the garden.
3. Do Mandy and you (…………) like golf?
4. Does your sister (…………) sing well?
5. Dr Swam (…………) visits his patients in the morning.
6. Do the students (…………) do the homework?
7. You and I (…………) live in Spain.
8. Do Sam and Paula (…………) meet after school?
9. My mum (…………) cooks really well.
10. The supermarket (………) closes at midday.
11. The books (…………) are on the table.
12. When do you and Sally (…………) play chess this week?

B) Sustituir la palabra que esta subrayada con un object pronouns:

1. Tom comes to the cinema with Paul and I ( US…).

2. Do you play with your children (……………) after dinner?
3. Pam takes her dog (…………) for walks in the morning.
4. Does Sue study with her brother (…………)?
5. Mr Postman delivers our letters (…………).
6. I usually meet Pam (…………) on Friday afternoon.
7. Tom goes to school with his friends (………).
8. Does mum feed the baby (…………)?
9. Can you pass the newspapers (…………) to I (…………), please?
10. Do you eat apples (…………), Tom?
11. Mary send e-mails (……………) to her boyfriend (…………).
12. James is with his grandmother (…………).

VERB TO BE
El VERB TO BE, significa “SER o ESTAR “ y es el verbo mas importante en INGLES.

En oraciones positivas las formas del verbo to be son estos…

I am tall. = Yo soy alto.

I am at home=Yo estoy en casa

You are small. = Tú eres pequeño.

You are in the kitchen=Vos estas en la cocina

He is Chinese. = Él es chino.

He is at bus station=El está en la estación de colectivos

She is a student. = Ella es estudiante.

She is in the garden=Ella está en el patio

It is a beautiful day. = Es un día muy bonito.

We are bored. = Nosotros estamos aburridos

They are in the living room. = Ellos están en el salón.

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

form form form

Full forms Short forms Short Short forms Interroga Positive Negative answers
forms tives answers
I am I ‘m I am not I’m not Am I …? Yes, you No, you aren’t
are
You are You’re You are not You aren’t Are you ? Yes, I am No, I am not
He is He ‘s He is not He isn’t Is he …? Yes, he is No, he isn’t
She is She’s She is not She isn’t Is she Yes, she No, she isn’t
…? is
It is It ‘s It is not It isn’t Is it …? Yes, it is No, it isn’t
We are We’re We are not We aren’t Are we Yes, you No, you aren’t
 …? are
You are You’re You are not You aren’t Are you? Yes, we No, we aren’t
are
They are They’re They are They aren’t Are they? Yes, they No, they aren’t
not are

EXERCISE

A) Completar las oraciones con ‘M-‘S-‘RE o con ‘M NOT, ISN’T, AREN’T,

1- Hello! My name is Brad. I…’M NOT…. (not)from Canada. I ……’M……………..from The United States of
America.
2- Fred………a student. His school name ………..Brighton. His favourite subject…………English and his favourite
sports………………tennis.
3. The water ……………….(not) very warm.
4.Those cats ……………….(not) nice. They……………unfriendly
5. Jim and I ………..students. Our Favoutite teacher…….Ann. She……….French teacher. She ……..Canadian. She
……..very helpful and kind.
6. Bob and Jane ………friends. They ………. Members of our school video club. They ………..fifteen years old.
They …………hardworking and nice students.
7. My cat’s name .........Kitty. It………very cute and lovely.
8. Bill…….my best friend. He………from London. His father …….English and his mother ……..Spanish. He
……..sixteen years old.
9.My favourite number ……………….(not) 6
10. You …….my mother and you……..the most wonderful mother in the world.

B) Responder estas preguntas. ¡¡¡Mirar la tabla de arriba!!! Inventar las respuestas.

1. Are you a teacher? Yes, I am

2. Is your mother a doctor?

3. Are your eyes black?

4. Is the cat in the garden?

5. Are your best friends intelligent?

¿CUÁNDO SE USAN “THERE IS” Y “THERE ARE”?

Utilizamos “there is” y “there are” para expresar la existencia de algo, tal y como se hace en español con el verbo
“haber” en situaciones como esta:
There’s  somebody at the door. (Hay alguien en la puerta).
También se emplean para preguntar acerca de la existencia de algo, como en:
Are there any questions? (¿Hay alguna pregunta?).

La otra diferencia es que en inglés existen dos formas, “there is” y “there are”, dependiendo de si el complemento
directo (“the object”) está en singular o en plural.

Reglas

Fíjate en cómo se forman las oraciones afirmativas, negativas e interrogativas en singular y en plural:

Singular Plural

There’s  a spider in my room. There are three people waiting.

Hay una araña en mi cuarto. Hay tres personas esperando.

There isn’t a thing I can do about it. There aren’t any chocolates left.
No hay nada que yo pueda hacer / Yo no No quedan bombones.
puedo hacer nada [al respecto].

Is there a reason why you’re late? Are there any more sandwiches?

¿Hay alguna razón por la que llegas tarde? ¿Hay más / Quedan sándwiches?

EXERCISES
A) Completar con is/ are/isn’t/aren’t
1.- In my town there ISN’T …(not) a hospital but there ……IS….…. a luxurious hotel.
2.-There ……... a theatre and I go there often.
3.-My town isn’t near the coast so there ………. (not) a beach.
4.-There ………. some interesting museums.
5.-There ……… a big open market on Tuesday morning. My mother buys there.
6.-In New York there …….... important shops.
7.-There ……….. a beautiful park in the city centre.
8.-It’s a pity because there ……… (not)a football ground.
9.-There ………..(noy) any ducks in the lake.

B) Escribir preguntas con Is there/ Are there

1.-…Are there. any apples on that tree?
2.-…………… 29 days in February this year?
3.- …………. a big green blackboard in your classroom?
4.- ………… a television in your bedroom?
5.- ………… books in the bookshelf?
6.- ……………….. a zoo in your town?
7.- …………. two bathrooms in your house?
8.- …………….. a cat in your grandparents’ house?
9.-…….. …. friendly teachers at your school?

References:
 https://madridingles.net/ingles-basico-1-el-verbo-to-be/
 https://www.britishcouncil.es/blog/diferencias-entre-there-is-y-there-are
 https://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/subject-and-object-pronouns
 https://en.islcollective.com/english-esl-worksheets/grammar/personal-pronouns/subject-and-object-
pronouns/17049