Mobile Communications Lecture 3

If the received power Pr(d0) is given at distance d0, then we

can find the received power Pr(d) at any other distance d as
PG G  2
Pr (d ) = t t 2 r 2 ………… (1)
(4 ) d L

t tG r 
2
PG
Pr (d 0 ) = ..……….. (2)
(4 ) 2 d 02 L
By dividing equation (1) over equation (2), we get

t tG r 
2
PG
Pr (d ) (4 ) 2 d 2 L
=
t tG r 
2
Pr (d 0 ) PG
(4 ) 2 d 02 L
2
Pr (d )  d 0 
= 
Pr (d 0 )  d 
2
d 
Pr (d ) = Pr (d 0 )  0 
d 
Pr (d ) dB = 10 Log(Pr (d ))

 d0  
2

Pr (d ) dB = 10Log  Pr (d 0 )   
 d  

  d 0 2 
Pr (d ) dB = 10Log ( Pr (d 0 ) ) + 10Log    
 d  

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 d 
Pr (d ) dB = 10Log ( Pr (d 0 ) ) + 20Log  0 
d 
Pr (d ) dBm = 10 Log(Pr (d ) in mW)

Example 3.1
Find the far-field distance for an antenna with maximum
dimension of 1 m and operating frequency of 900 MHz.

Answer:
c 3 108 1
= = = m 33 cm
f 900 106 3
2D 22  12
df = = =6 m
 1
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Example 3.2
If a transmitter produces 50 watts of power, express the
transmit power in units of (a) dBm, and (b) dBW. If 50 watts
is applied to a unity gain antenna with a 900 MHz carrier
frequency. (c) find the received power in dBm at a free space
distance of 100 m from the antenna. (d) What is Pr (10 km)?
Assume unity gain for the receiver antenna.

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Answer:
(a) Pt (dBm) = 10 Log(Pt in mW) = 10 Log(50 103 )
= 10 Log(50) + 10 Log(103 ) = 47 dBm
(b) Pt (dBW) = 10 Log(Pt inW) = 10 Log(50) = 17 dB

t tG r 
2
PG
(c) Pr (d ) =
(4 ) 2 d 2 L
2
1
50  1 1  
Pr (100) =  3  = 3.5  10−6 W
(4 ) 21002  1
= 3.5  10−3 mW
Pr (dBm) = 10 Log(Pr in mW) = 10 Log(3.5 10 −3 )
= −24.5 dBm
2
1
50  1 1  
(d) Pr (10000) =  3  = 3.5  10−10 W
(4 ) 2100002 1
= 3.5  10−7 mW
Pr (dBm) = 10 Log(Pr in mW) = 10 Log(3.5 10 −7 )
= −64.5 dBm

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4.3 Relating Power to Electric Field:

Pt G t
L
Pt
Pt L Pr(d)
System
d
Transmitter Receiver
TX RX

Sphere
d

Source
of signal

Assume L =1.
The power flux density at the surface of sphere is given by
2 2 2
Transmitted power PG V R fs E E
Pd = = t t2 = = =
Area of sphere 4 d 4 d 2 R fs 
2
VV * V
P= =
R R
where R fs =  is the intrinsic impedance of free space given
by R fs =  = 120 = 377 .

E Gr  2 E Gr  2
2 2 2
E
Pr (d ) = Pd Aer = Aer = =
 120 4 480 2
4
 Rant

+
Vant Vrec Rrec
–

To get maximum power delivered to the receiver (consumed

by Rrec), Rant = R rec (antenna matching)
Assignment 1: Prove the above statement. (Dead line: 24/10/2020)
Using voltage divider principle yields
R rec V
V rec = V ant = ant
R ant + R rec 2
2 2 2
V rec V ant V ant
Pr (d ) = = =
R rec 4R rec 4R ant