Energy Balances

The energy balance for the desulphurisation unit is shown in the table below. The reaction is ;
CaCO3(s) + SO2(g) → CaSO3(s) + CO2(g)
Calcium sulfite is then reacted with oxygen to produce gypsum (CaSO 4・2[H2O]) as shown below.
CaSO3(s)+ .O2(g) + 2H2O(l) → CaSO4・2(H2O)(s)
The overall reaction has a ΔHf for gypsum as -2024.1kJ/mol
(ref: www.ciks.cbt.nist.gov/~garbocz/FireProtection/node6.htm )

Desulphurisation Energy Balance

Energy In (Q in kJ) Energy Out (Q in kJ)
Stream 1 309543688.98 Stream 3 76088732.54
Stream 2 -22256812.87 Stream 6 211171816.6
Stream
2a -26327.00
Total Total
Energy In 287260549.11 Energy Out 287260549.1

The Desulphurisation unit energy balances are based on the following information.
 It is assumed that no heat is lost or gained via vessel walls during the process
 Flue gas is at 453K (180◦C) and Stream 6 loses heat and reaches Absorber at 318K(45◦C)
ref:http://www.canadiancleanpowercoalition.com/files/9713/5303/7000/AS31-
204_AssessingPost-CombustionCaptureReport.pdf
 Heat of formation of gypsum is -2024.1kJ/mol
(ref: www.ciks.cbt.nist.gov/~garbocz/FireProtection/node6.htm)
 Heat exchanger(HX4) cools the flue gas to 318K(45◦C)
Q = mCpΔT = 98371872.41kJ is removed from flue gas by HX4

Adsorber energy balances are based on the following information

 During absorption, no heat is lost or gained via vessel walls
 All NOx, O2 and N2 are lost to air via Stream 7
 Stream 7 and 8 are at Absorber temperature of 318K(45◦C)
ref:http://www.canadiancleanpowercoalition.com/files/9713/5303/7000/AS31-
204_AssessingPost-CombustionCaptureReport.pdf
 Cp of KS-1 is assumed to be similar to that of Ammonia 2.19kJ/kgK
ref: FDL Smidth available at http://catalog.conveyorspneumatic.com/Asset/FLS%20Specific
%20Heat%20Capacities%20of%20Gases.pdf
 Adsorber Unit
Energy In (Q in kJ) Energy In (Q in kJ)
Stream 6 211171816.57 Stream 7 32035051.35
Stream 8 179136765.22
Total Energy Total Energy
in 211171816.57 out 211171816.57

Heat Exchanger 1 (HX1)

Q = 195351677kg/hr *0.945kJ/kgK *-35K = -64622509.13kJ
Stream 8 is heated and gains 64622509.13kJ

Heat Exchanger 2(HX2)

Q = 96791.66kg/hr *1.06303kJ/kgK *75K = 7716932.875kJ
Stream 9 is cooled and loses 7716932.875kJ

Heat Exchanger 3(HX3)

Q = 3323587kg/hr *2.565kJ/kgK *85K = 724625055.7kJ
Stream 10 is cooled and loses 724625055.7kJ

Heat Exchanger4 (HX4)

Q = 10019789.25kg/hr *1.0298kJ/kgK *105K = 1083429792kJ
Stream 1 is cooled and loses 1083429792kJ
The following values were used to do the calculations:

Component Temperature(K) Cp value(kJ/(kgK))

CaCO3 (limestone) 288 0.908
H2O 288 4.18
Air (O2) 294 0.918
H2O 321 4.182
CaSO4.2H2O (Gypsum) 321 1.09
CO2 393 0.939
O2 393 0.941
N2 393 1.044
SO2 393 0.64
NO2 393 0.8066
H2O 393 4.248
References
A Heat Transfer Textbook (Tables A4 – A6 pages 710-718): Lienhard J.H (IV) & Lienhard J.H (V), 3 rd
Ed (2008) Phlogisto Press, USA (for gases)
Elme Messer Gaas available (NOx cp)at:
http://www.elmemesser.lv/assets/media/201127/cd5f65b0b6f022b151d6e35d9eed121e.pdf
The Engineering ToolBox available at:
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/spesific-heat-capacity-gases-d_159.html
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/specific-heat-solids-d_154.html for limestone
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/carbon-dioxide-d_974.html (CO2 at 400K value used for 300K)
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-thermal-properties-d_162.html (water at 393K)
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/oxygen-d_978.html (oxygen at 400K value used for 300K)