Energy Balances

Do mass balances around each unit and put in a single table

Energy Balances

The energy balances are based on the following information.

Desulphurisation unit
 It is assumed that no heat is lost or gained via vessel walls during the process
 Temperature in the unit is maintained at 333K(60◦C)
 All exit streams are at 333K(60◦C)
 All excess heat in the recycle stream(gained from reactions in the unit) is removed by cooling
water. Stream 5b is at 15◦C, it has lost all the previously gained energy to cooling water
 Heat of formation of gypsum is -2024.1kJ/mol
(ref: ciks.cbt.nist.gov/~garbocz/FireProtection/node6.htm )
 Stream 6 loses heat and reaches Absorber at 318K(45◦C)

Absorber
 During absorption, no heat is lost or gained via vessel walls
 All NOx, O2 and N2 are lost to air via Stream 7
 Stream 7 and 8 are at Absorber temperature of 323K(50◦C)
 Stream 8 contains all the remaining energy from Stream 6

Regenerator
 Regeneration process is adiabatic and occurs at 393K(120◦C)
 Stream 8b enters regenerator at 353K(80◦C) after gaining more energy from Stream 9
 Streams 9 and 10a leaving the Regenerator are at 373K(100◦C)
 Enthalpy of steam is 2731.63kJ/kg and 2675.43kJ/kg at 140◦C and 100◦C respectively
 Stream 13 is steam at 413K(140◦C)
 All steam exits via stream 10a and is condensed to water which leaves as stream 12
 Stream 10b is at 313K(40◦C), but from this point heat losses to the surroundings result in the
temperature from the reflux drum being 298K(25◦C)

The following values were used to do the calculations:

Component Temperature(K) Cp value(kJ/(kgK))

CaCO3 (limestone) 288 0.908
H2O 288 4.18
Air (O2) 294 0.918
H2O 321 4.182
CaSO4.2H2O (Gypsum) 321 1.09
CO2 393 0.939
O2 393 0.941
N2 393 1.044
SO2 393 0.64
NO2 393 0.8066
H2O 393 4.248
Ref:
A Heat Transfer Textbook (Tables A4 – A6 pages 710-718): Lienhard J.H (IV) & Lienhard J.H (V), 3 rd
Ed (2008) Phlogisto Press, USA
Elme Messer Gaas available (NOx cp)at:
http://www.elmemesser.lv/assets/media/201127/cd5f65b0b6f022b151d6e35d9eed121e.pdf
The Engineering ToolBox available at:
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/spesific-heat-capacity-gases-d_159.html
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/specific-heat-solids-d_154.html for limestone
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/carbon-dioxide-d_974.html (CO2 at 400K value used for 300K)
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-thermal-properties-d_162.html (water at 393K)
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/oxygen-d_978.html (oxygen at 400K value used for 300K)