QxQ Trigonometry Cheat Sheet

Unit Circle Sign of Trigonometric Functions (sin,cos,tan)

*large fonts show which functions are +ve in that quadrant
𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦

𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦 =
A (cos 𝜃𝜃 , sin 𝜃𝜃)
sin
For 𝜋𝜋/2 < 𝜃𝜃 < 𝜋𝜋
all
𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝜃𝜃 > 0 For 0 < 𝜃𝜃 < 𝜋𝜋/2
𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 , tan 𝜃𝜃 < 0 all sin 𝜃𝜃 , cos 𝜃𝜃 , tan 𝜃𝜃 > 0

tan cos
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
O B P
For 𝜋𝜋 < 𝜃𝜃 < 3𝜋𝜋/2 For 3𝜋𝜋/2 < 𝜃𝜃 < 2𝜋𝜋
𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭 𝜃𝜃 > 0 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝜃𝜃 > 0
sin 𝜃𝜃 , cos 𝜃𝜃 < 0 sin 𝜃𝜃 , tan 𝜃𝜃 < 0

sin −𝜃𝜃 = − sin 𝜃𝜃 , cos −𝜃𝜃 = cos 𝜃𝜃 , tan(−𝜃𝜃) = −tan 𝜃𝜃

Radians: Trigonometric Functions:
∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝜃𝜃 (arc length AP) cos 𝜃𝜃 = 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
• Radians to degrees: sin 𝜃𝜃 = 𝑦𝑦 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
1800 𝑦𝑦 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 Shift by 𝝅𝝅/𝟐𝟐
∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝜃𝜃 = 𝜙𝜙 0 tan 𝜃𝜃 = =
𝜋𝜋 𝑥𝑥 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
• Degrees to Radians 1 sin 𝜃𝜃 + = cos 𝜃𝜃 , sin 𝜃𝜃 − = − cos 𝜃𝜃
𝜋𝜋 cosec 𝜃𝜃 = 2 2
∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝜙𝜙 0 = 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃 𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
1800 1 cos 𝜃𝜃 + = − sin 𝜃𝜃 , cos 𝜃𝜃 − = sin 𝜃𝜃
sec 𝜃𝜃 = 2 2
cos 𝜃𝜃
1
cot 𝜃𝜃 =
tan 𝜃𝜃 Shift by 𝝅𝝅
sin 𝜃𝜃 + 𝜋𝜋 = −sin 𝜃𝜃 , sin 𝜃𝜃 − 𝜋𝜋 = − sin 𝜃𝜃
From the unit circle: cos 𝜃𝜃 + 𝜋𝜋 = − cos 𝜃𝜃 , cos 𝜃𝜃 − 𝜋𝜋 = − cos 𝜃𝜃
sin2 𝜃𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃𝜃 = 1

Common Angles to Remember Coordinate Systems

𝜙𝜙 0 𝜃𝜃(rad) sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 tan 𝜃𝜃 Polar to Cartesian Cartesian to Polar

𝑥𝑥 = 𝑟𝑟 sin 𝜃𝜃 𝑟𝑟 = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2
0 0 1 1 0 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑟𝑟 cos 𝜃𝜃 𝑦𝑦
𝜃𝜃 = tan−1
1 1 𝑥𝑥
300 𝜋𝜋/6 3
2 How to get convert tan-1 from a calculator
2 3 (*For details and reasoning please see @668 on Piazza)
450 𝜋𝜋/4 1 1 1 For 𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦 = cos 𝜃𝜃 , sin 𝜃𝜃 , and a calculator value
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
2 2 𝜃𝜃𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 , where for usual calculators − < 𝜃𝜃𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 <
2 2
600 𝜋𝜋/3 3 1 3
• If 𝑥𝑥 > 0, 𝑦𝑦 > 0; then 𝜃𝜃 = 𝜃𝜃𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
2 2 • If 𝑥𝑥 > 0, 𝑦𝑦 < 0; then 𝜃𝜃 = 𝜃𝜃𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 𝜃𝜃𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 2𝜋𝜋
If 𝑥𝑥 < 0, 𝑦𝑦 > 0; then 𝜃𝜃 = 𝜃𝜃𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝜋𝜋
900 𝜋𝜋/2 1 0 ∞ •
• If 𝑥𝑥 < 0, 𝑦𝑦 < 0; then 𝜃𝜃 = 𝜃𝜃𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝜋𝜋