12

TLE/EPAS
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Operating Principles of
Flyback Stage
TLE/EPAS – Grade 12
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Operating Principles of Flyback Stage.
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writers:Jomharlie B. Duclayan
Editors: Roel J. Dorado, Romulus N. Tangpos
Reviewer: Martin I. Diaz
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Mac Andrew M. Solano II
Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
Miguel P. Fillalan Jr., CESO VI - Schools Division Superintendent
Levi B. Butihen - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Gilda A. Orendain - REPS, EPP/TLE
Arlene Rosa G. Arquiza - CID Chief
Ma. Dianne Joy R. dela Fuente- PDO-II, Div. OIC LRMS In-Charge
Jesus V. de Gracia, Jr. - Division ADM Coordinator
Virgie T. Metal – EPS, EPP/TLE

Printed in the Philippines byDepartment of Education –SOCCSKSARGENRegion

Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
E-mail Address: region12@deped.gov.ph
 12
TLE/EPAS
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Operating Principles of
Flyback Stage
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the TLE Grade 12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on SERVICING

CONSUMER ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS- AUDIO-VIDEO PRODUCTS
AND SYSTEMS Module 4: Operating Principles of Flyback Stage!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Technology and Vocational Livelihood Self-Learning Module (SLM) on

Operating Principles Flyback Stage!
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

1
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

2
At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Module 4: Operating Principles of Flyback Stage. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module consists of one lesson:

• Lesson 4 –Operating Principles of Flyback Stage

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. explain flyback theories;
2. identify the types of flyback transformers;
3. determine troubleshooting information of Television Flyback stage and
identify its defects; and
4. illustrate the schematic/block diagram of Television Flyback stage and
explain its circuit operation.

3
 What I Know

Directions: Read and encircle the letter of your answer. Use the activity sheet for
your answer.

1. What electronic device is designed to generate high voltage sawtooth signals

at a relatively high frequency?
a. flyback transformer
b. chopper transformer
c. horizontal drive transformer
d. power transformer

2. What is the symptom in the screen of a television receiver, if the flyback

transformer is not producing high voltage?
a. dark screen
b. retracing line on the screen
c. black & white video
d. thin horizontal line

3. Which of the following defect is an indication of shorted primary winding of

flyback transformer?
a. blown ac fuse
b. TV set is still in operation
c. raster becomes snowy
d. insufficient width of raster

4. Which statement best describes the absence of 24VDC in vertical section?

a. television screen turns to dark
b. thin horizontal line is observed on the screen
c. retracing lines are observed on the screen
d. too much brightness is observed on the screen

5. What is the required supply voltage of CRT heating filament?

a. 1 to 3 volts
b. 3 to 6 volts
c. 6 to 9 volts
d. 9 to 12 volts

6. What is the required supply voltage of RGB transistor amplifier?

a. 100 to 120 volts
b. 120 to 150 volts
c. 180 to 200 volts
d. 210 to 500 volts

4
 7. Which of the following defect is the result of open supply in CRT heater?
a. thin horizontal line
b. retracing lines
c. dark screen
d. too much brightness

8. What is the best step to do in fixing the intermittent problems on television

flyback stage?
a. check and resolder components with lose connectivity
b. check the antenna connection
c. check the input signal selector
d. check the video settings

9. What is the best remedy to fix dark screen problem of the television receiver?
a. double-heater supply.
b. adjust screen control
c. check and replace the filter capacitor of the main supply
d. adjust the focus control of flyback transformer

10 What terminals do input voltage of the flyback transformer is applied?

a. secondary winding
b. primary winding
c. center tap winding
d. both primary and secondary winding

11. How does the voltage of the flyback transformer transfer from primary
winding into secondary winding?
a. by applying voltage to its primary winding
b. by increasing the number of turns of secondary coil
c. by connecting the coil to high power regulator
d. by connecting the primary coil terminal to secondary coil terminal

12. If the primary coil and secondary coil of the flyback transformer has a
continuity, what is its condition?
a. open
b. shorted
c. leaky
d. good

13. What is the function of the anode cap of the flyback transformer?
a. to protect the high tension wire from damage
b. to protect and seals the critical connections of the anode and lead
wire
c. to protect and seals the primary and secondary coils
d. to protect the secondary voltages from short circuit

5
14. To what terminal is the output voltage of the flyback transformer always
taken out?
a. primary coil
b. center coil
c. secondary coil
d. ferrite core

15. In the schematic symbol of flyback transformer, what is the material that
separates the primary winding from secondary winding?
a. iron core
b. ferrite core
c. insulator
d. core spacer

6
 Lesson
Operating Principles of
4 Television Flyback Stage

What’s In

Activity 1
Direction: Write the word inside the block containing the stages of television
horizontal section. Use the activity sheet for your answer.

What’s New

Activity 2

Direction: Give the brief description of the two types transformers

shown bellow:

1
 Step-down Transformer Step-Up Transformer

What is It
Flyback Theories

A flyback transformer, also called a line output transformer, is a special type

of electrical transformer. It was initially designed to generate high voltage
sawtooth signals at a relatively high frequency.

Flyback Transformer Image

A flyback transformer is a coupled inductor with a gapped core. During each

cycle, when the input voltage is applied to the primary winding, energy is stored
in the gap of the core. It is then transferred to the secondary winding to provide
energy to the load.

2
The reason why it is called a flyback transformer is the primary winding uses
a relatively low-voltage saw-tooth wave. The wave gets strengthened first and
then gets switched off abruptly; this causes the beam to fly back from right to
left on the display.

Flyback Transformer Internal Diagram

Flyback Transformer Internal Diagram

The fly back transformer is feed with the main supply from the power supply
called the B+ which is a direct current (dc) and in return generates other voltages
like the EHT which is over 24 kV volts DC for the EHT cap, the focus Voltage
between 5 kV to 8 kV and the screen voltage which is around 200 to 800 VDC.

On the body of the fly back transformer it has two adjustable Potentiometers,
the upper one adjusts the focus voltage and the lower one adjusts the screen
Voltage.

3
 Types of Flyback Transformers

1. DC Flyback Transformer is a low to the mid-power device that supports

multiple outputs is designed to transfer power from the input to the output
during off-time.

2. AC Flyback transformer.AC flybacks before the days of the silicon diode the
only high voltage rectifiers available were big thermionic tubes. Now embedding
a vacuum diode in a transformer isn't exactly practical, so the diode was kept
external from the transformer. Luckily for us that means
the flyback outputted AC rather than DC.

4
 Parts of Flyback Transformer

1. Primary winding is driven by a switch from a DC supply (usually a

transistor). When the switch is switched on, the primary inductance causes the
current to build up in a ramp. When the switch is turned off, the current in
the primary falls to zero.

2. Secondary windingis the coil that delivers the energy at the transformed or
changed voltage to the load. Usually, these two coils are subdivided into several
coils in order to reduce the creation of flux.

3. Anode cap is a device that seals and protects the critical connections between
an anode and a lead wire. Anode caps also provide stress relief,
electrical insulation and water/moisture proofing at the lead wire exit point.

4. Anode clip is usually a metal clip inside the cap, which attaches to the inner
rim of the anode glass socket. The cap usually has a thin layer of silicone glue,
which provides further insulation and secures it in place.

5
5. High voltage anode cable is an assembly for connecting to a CRT anode cup
a high-voltage conductor consisting of a metal wire covered by resilient
insulation. The assembly comprises clamping means for clamping, against the
resilience of the insulation, the insulation and a length of bare wire folded back
over the insulation. The clamping means including means for making electrical
and mechanical connection to the anode cup, whereby an electrical potential
carried by the conductor is applied to the anode cup through the wire and the
clamping means.

6. Focus Control adjusts the focus voltage used to focus the picture. The
focus Voltage between 5 kV to 8 kV. The focus knob is used to focus
the picture and therefore if you find again after replacing the fly back the
picture is this focused then you also try to adjust the focus knob a little.

If you adjust the focus and still not change to the picture then perhaps the
CRT is faulty or the fly back itself is bad, but before you change these, first
change the CRT neck socket and see if the focus improves.

7. Screen control adjusts the screen Voltage. The screen voltage behaves as
brightness control and therefore whenever you find the screen is dark especially
after replacing the fly back and the screen is still dark even after using the

6
remote brightness control button then consider adjusting this knob little and
see if the brightness increases.

8. Flyback divider is a device that many Monitor repairers used to modify it

into the existing 14 and 15” CRT Monitor to solve the Monitor blur problem.

9. Internal capacitor usedto improve the picture quality.

7
10. Dynamic focus capacitor supplies the dynamic focus voltage to a cathode
ray tube. Thus, it is possible to produce a device of compact structure and to
generate a satisfactory dynamic focus voltage.

11. Flyback transformer pins. Mostly tv and monitor flyback

transformers have about ten pins at the bottom of the flyback. Each of the pin
have a purpose or function as part of a complete circuit. The common pins that
you can find in monitor flyback are: B+ pin, Horizontal collector pulse, ABL
(automatic blanking limiter), GROUND, G1, AFC (automatic frequency control),
VCC, HEATER (to filament) and X-RAY protection.

Flyback Transformer Image Pin Configuration

8
 Flyback Transformer Diagram

Flyback Transformer Pin Theories/Principles

1.B+ pin and Horizontal collector pulse pins forms one winding called
primary winding. This is the most important winding and easily develops a
short circuit when B+ line or horizontal output transistor have problem.
Sometimes a shorted internal capacitor in the flyback may cause the primary
winding to burn internally. The only way to test it is to use a flyback or lopt
tester.

2. Ground, G1 and AFC winding. AFC stands for Automatic Frequency

Control and it send signal from the flyback to the horizontal collator IC to lock
or synchronize the frequency of the monitor. If this AFC line have problem, the
display will shift either to the far left or far right.

The function of G1 is to pull the electron generated from the cathode and
channel it to G2 which is the screen voltage. G1 is normally a negative voltage.
If there is a missing G1 voltage to the picture tube, the monitor display will
become very bright with flyback lines across the screen and sometimes the
monitor will goes into shutdown mode.

3.ABLstands for Automatic Blanking Limiter. It is refer to Contrast circuit

because whenever there is a contrast problem, this pin is the reference to trace
contrast circuit. Normally a high ohm resistor and a shorted ceramic capacitor
caused the display to become dim and think it might be the fault of a defective
picture tube.

9
4. Heater pin is the source of supply for heater found on the picture tube. The
heater supply range 3 to 6 volts AC.

Heater Pin on CRT Board Illustration of Heater / filament

5. X – ray protect pin. If the anode voltage is too high, this will send a signal
to horizontal oscillator IC to disable the horizontal drive waveform. Without drive
waveform, the high voltage will collapse and protect the user from excessive x –
ray generated by the abnormal high voltage.

6. 24 / 26 volts pin provides supply for vertical amplifier. If this supply will
collapse, thin horizontal line on the screen will occurs.Besides these Voltages
the fly back also produces out other lower voltages between 12 volts and 45
volts for use in other circuits like the vertical IC supply in some models.

7. 180 volts pin provides supply for RGB transistor amplifiers. If this supply
will collapse, the video will turn to monochrome or black and white.The RGB
amplifiers supply comes from the fly back transformer(usually around 180
VDC) This Voltage if it is missing or low usually causes the screen to be very
bright and with lines across the screen but when this voltage is high causes
the screen to appeardark(blank).

8. Boost up pin. Increases the voltage from regulated B+ line.

10
 Boost – up

Tips in Flyback Transformer Test Points

Finally we also have between 3 to 6 Vac from the fly back transformer to supply
the heater circuit at the CRT neck board. Please note that this voltage is AC
and therefore to measure it accurately you must set your meter to low AC
setting. Also note that when measuring voltage from any transformer output
you must test after the diode with your meter set to DC volts, this is after the
Voltage has been rectified but not before the diode
The component side of the fly back transformer test points:

The bottom side of the fly back transformer test points, your meter negative
probe should be on any of the Cold ground.

The fly back and the area around the fly back are prone to dry joints
and loose connection because of some vibration around these component
and therefore it good to re solder all the fly back pins plus thehorizontal drive
transformer and the Horizontal output transistor plus the snubber capacitor
even if look fine.

11
 A component shorted on the secondary side of the fly back transformer can
cause the main power supply not to start and therefore always check for
shorted component on the secondary of the fly back before you suspect the
fly back is faulty.

What’s More

Activity 3
Direction: Draw the internal diagram of flyback transformer and label its terminals.
Use activity sheets for your answer.

What I Have Learned

Activity 4

Direction: Answer the following questions. Use activity sheets for your answer.

1. explain flyback theories;

2. identify the types of flyback transformers;
3. determine troubleshooting information of Television Flyback stage and
identify its defects; and
4. illustrate the schematic/block diagram of Television Flyback stage and
explain its circuit operation.

12
 What I Can Do

Activity 5
Direction: Identify the possible causes of troubles and give the best action taken.
Write your answer in your activity sheet.

Troubles Description Possible defects

1. 1. 1.

2.

3.

2. 1.

2.

3.
2.

3. 3. 1.

2.

3.

13
 Troubles Symptoms Possible defects

4. Dark screen, audio is normal. 4. 1.

2.

3.

5. Shorted horizontal output 5 1.

transistor.

2.

3.

6. Dimpicture. 1. 1.

2.

Symptom Causes of Trouble Possible defects

7. 7. 1.

2.

14
 8. 1.

2.

8.

9. Too much brightness video. 9. 1.

2.

Assessment
Direction: Read and choose the letter of your answer. Use the activity sheet for
your answer.
1. How is the voltage of the flyback transformer transferred from primary
winding into secondary winding?
a. by applying voltage to its primary winding
b. by increasing the number of turns of secondary coil
c. by connecting the coil to high power regulator
d. by connecting the primary coil terminal to secondary coil terminal

2. If the primary coil and secondary coil of the flyback transformer has a
continuity, what is its condition?
a. open
b. shorted
c. leaky
d. good

3. What is the function the anode cap of the flyback transformer?

a. to protect the high tension wire from damage
b. to protect and seals the critical connections of the anode and lead wire
c. to protect and seals the primary and secondary coils
d. to protect the secondary voltages from short circuit

15
4. To what terminal the output voltage of the flyback transformer always taken
out?
a. primary coil
b. center coil
c. secondary coil
d. ferrite core

5. In the schematic symbol of flyback transformer, what is the material that

separates the primary winding from secondary winding?
a. iron core
b. ferrite core
c. insulator
d. core spacer

6. What is the required supply voltage of RGB transistor amplifier?

a. 100 to 120 volts
b. 120 to 150 volts
c. 180 to 200 volts
d. 210 to 500 volts

7. Which of the following defect is the result of open supply in CRT heater?
a. thin horizontal line
b. retracing lines
c. dark screen
d. too much brightness

8. What is the best step to do in fixing the intermittent problems on television

flyback stage?
a. check and resolder components with lose connectivity
b. check the antenna connection
c. check the input signal selector
d. check the video settings

9. What is the best remedy to fix dark screen problem of the television receiver?
a. double-heater supply.
b. adjust screen control
c. check and replace the filter capacitor of the main supply
d. adjust the focus control of flyback transformer

10. The input voltage of the flyback transformer is always applied to what
terminal?
a. secondary winding
b. primary winding
c. center tap winding
d. both primary and secondary winding

16
 11. What electronic device is designed to generate high voltage sawtooth signals
at a relatively high frequency?
a. flyback transformer
b. chopper transformer
c. horizontal drive transformer
d. power transformer

12. What is the symptoms in the screen of a television receiver, if the flyback
transformer is not producing high voltage?
a. dark screen
b. retracing line on the screen
c. black & white video
d. thin horizontal line

13. Which of the following defect is an indication of shorted primary winding of

flyback transformer?
a. blown ac fuse
b. TV set is still in operation
c. raster becomes snowy
d. insufficient width of raster

14. Which statement best describes the absence of 24VDC in vertical section?
a. television screen turns to dark
b. thin horizontal line is observed on the screen
c. retracing lines are observed on the screen
d. too much brightness is observed on the screen

15. What is the required supply voltage of CRT heating filament?

a. 1 to 3 volts
b. 3 to 6 volts
c. 6 to 9 volts
d. 9 to 12 volts

17
 Additional Activities

Activity 6
Direction: Give the different symptoms of troubles of flyback transformer. Use the
activity sheet for your answer.

Flyback
Transformer

18
Answer Key

19
References

Humphrey Kimathi, CRT TV Repair Course

20
 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.
This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph