Faculty of Engineering

Petroleum Engineering Department

Drilling Technology I
Third Stage

Lecture # 5
Hoisting System

Pshtiwan Jaf 1
pshtiwan.jaf@koyauniversity.org
 Hoisting System
Static Derrick Loading
Static derrick loading = Fast line load + Hook load + Deadline load
𝑆𝐷𝐿 = 𝐹𝑓 + 𝐹ℎ + 𝐹𝑑
• Assume that the system consists of four line supporting the hook load . Then
under static conditions:
𝐹ℎ 𝐹ℎ
𝐹𝑓 = 𝐹𝑑 =
4 4
𝐹ℎ 𝐹ℎ 3
∴ 𝑆𝐷𝐿 = + 𝐹ℎ + = 𝐹ℎ
4 4 2
• For N lines, the static derrick load is given by:

𝑁+2
𝑆𝐷𝐿 = 𝐹ℎ
𝑁 2
 Hoisting System
Static Derrick Loading, cont.
Example:
The total weight of 9,000 ft of 9 5/8-inch casing for a deep well is determined to be
400,000 lbs. Since this will be the heaviest casing string run, the maximum mast
load must be calculated. Assuming that 10 lines run between the crown and the
traveling blocks and neglecting buoyancy effects, calculate the maximum load (at
static conditions).

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 Hoisting System
Static Derrick Loading, cont.
Solution:
𝑁+2
𝑆𝐷𝐿 = 𝐹ℎ
𝑁

10 + 2
𝑆𝐷𝐿 = 400000 = 480000 𝐼𝑏𝑠
10

Notes:
❖ The marginal decrease in mast load decreases with additional lines.
❖ The total derrick load is always greater than the load being lifted.

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 Hoisting System
Mechanical Advantage
• The block and tackle is comprised of the crown block, the traveling block and the drilling
line.
• The principle function of the block and tackle is to provide a mechanical advantage, which
permits easier handing of large loads.
• The mechanical advantage M of a block and tackle is simply load supported by the traveling
block (or hook), divided by the load imposed on the drawworks.

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 Hoisting System
Mechanical Advantage, cont.
• Since the load imposed on the drawworks is the tension in the fast line, the
mechanical advantage can be expressed as:

𝐹ℎ
𝑀=
𝐹𝑓
• The ideal mechanical advantage, which assumes no friction in the block and
tackle, can be determined from a force analysis of the traveling block.

𝐹ℎ 𝐹ℎ
𝑀𝑖 = = =𝑁
𝐹𝑓 𝐹ℎ
𝑁
• Indicates that the ideal mechanical advantage is equal to the number of line
strung between the crown block and the traveling block. 6
 Hoisting System
Power Requirements
• The input power Pi of the block and tackle is equal to the drawworks load times
the velocity of the fast line:
𝑃𝑖 = 𝐹𝑓 × 𝑉𝑓
• The output power or hook power Po is equal to the traveling block (hook) load
times the velocity of the traveling block:
𝑃𝑜 = 𝐹ℎ × 𝑉ℎ
• Where:
Pi : is input power
Vf : is fast line velocity
Po : is output power
Vh : is hook or traveling block velocity.
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 Hoisting System
Power Efficiency
• The power efficiency is the ratio between the output power to the input power:
𝑃𝑜
𝐸=
𝑃𝑖
• For a frictionless block and tackle system the power efficiency is equal to 1 because:
𝑉𝑓
𝑃𝑜 𝐹ℎ × 𝑉ℎ 𝑁 𝐹𝑓 × 𝑁
𝐸= = = = 1 = 100%
𝑃𝑖 𝐹𝑓 × 𝑉𝑓 𝐹𝑓 × 𝑉𝑓

• Knowledge of the block and tackle efficiency permits calculation of the actual tension in
the fast line for a given load.

𝑉𝑓
𝑃𝑜 𝐹ℎ × 𝑉ℎ 𝐹ℎ × 𝑁 𝐹ℎ 𝐹ℎ
𝐸= = = = ≫≫≫ 𝐹𝑓 =
𝑃𝑖 𝐹𝑓 × 𝑉𝑓 𝐹𝑓 × 𝑉𝑓 𝑁 × 𝐹𝑓 𝐸𝑁 8
 Hoisting System
Derrick Load

𝐹𝐷 = 𝐹𝑓 + 𝐹ℎ + 𝐹𝑑

𝐹ℎ 𝐹ℎ
𝐹𝐷 = + 𝐹ℎ +
𝐸𝑁 𝑁

(1 + 𝐸 + 𝐸 𝑁)
𝐹𝐷 = 𝐹ℎ
𝐸𝑁

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 Hoisting System
Derrick Load, cont.
• The total derrick load is not distributed equally over all four derrick legs.

• Since the drawworks is located on one side of the derrick floor, the tension in the
fast line is distributed over only two of the four derrick legs.

• Also, the dead line affects only the leg to which it is attached.

• The drilling lines usually are arranged as in the plan view of the rig floor as shown
in figure.

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 Hoisting System
Derrick Load, cont.
• For this arrangement, derrick legs C and D would share the load imposed by
tension in the fast line and leg A would assume the full load imposed by the
tension in the dead line.

Derrick Legs

Dead Line Lines to

Block

Fast Line

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 Hoisting System
Derrick Load, cont.
• The load distribution for each leg has been calculated in table below.

Load Source Total Load Leg A Leg B Leg C Leg D

Hook Load Fh Fh / 4 Fh / 4 Fh / 4 Fh / 4

Fast Line Fh / E N Fh / 2E N Fh / 2E N
Dead Line Fh / N Fh / N
Total Fh (N+4) / 4N Fh / 4 Fh (E N+2) / 4E N Fh (E N+2) / 4E N

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 Hoisting System
Some Rules
Maximum equivalent derrick load is equal to four times the maximum leg load.

(𝑁 + 4)
𝐹𝐷𝐸 = 𝐹ℎ
𝑁

A parameter sometimes used to evaluate various drilling line arrangements is derrick efficiency
factor (ED), defines as the ratio of the actual derrick load to the maximum equivalent load:

(1 + 𝐸 + 𝐸 𝑁)
𝐹𝐷 𝐹ℎ 𝐸 𝑁 + 1 + 1
𝐸𝐷 = = 𝐸 𝑁 =
𝐹𝐷𝐸 (𝑁 + 4) 𝐸(𝑁 + 4)
𝐹ℎ
𝑁
𝐹𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝑑𝑟𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 × 𝑑𝑟𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒

Gear ratio = Motor speed / drum speed 13

 Hoisting System
Efficiency of the hoisting systems (E)
• Friction between the wire rope and sheaves reduces the efficiency of the hoisting
system. The efficiency factor (E) during hoisting operations is given by:

K × (1− 𝐾 𝑁 )
E=
N × (1− K)
• K: sheave and line efficiency per sheave.

• If the breaking strength of the drilling line is known, then a design factor, DF, may
be calculated as follows:

Nominal strenght of wire rope (Ib)

DF=
Fast line load (Ib)
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 Hoisting System
Efficiency of the hoisting systems (E), cont.
Example 2:
Calculate the efficiency factor for a hoisting system employing 8 string
lines. Assume the value of K to be 0.9615.

Solution:

K × (1− 𝐾 𝑁 )
E=
N × (1− K)

0.9615 × (1 − 0.96158 )
= = 0.842
8 × (1 − 0.9615)
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 Hoisting System
Efficiency of the hoisting systems (E), cont.
• Table below can be constructed for different numbers of lines strung between the
crown and travelling blocks (when K = 0.9615).

Number of line strung (N) Efficiency Factor (E)

6 0.874
8 0.842
10 0.811
12 0.782

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 Hoisting System
Safety Factor
• The rig must be evaluated with respect to block and tackle system to ensure that
it meets the designed safety requirements. Specifications for safety factors are as
follows:
Calculated load rating (tons) Safety factor
0 – 150 4

151 – 500 𝑅 − 150

4−
350
501 and over 3

• Where R is the calculated load rating in tons.

• The maximum load rating of the pipe must be calculated before apply the safety
factor and evaluating the equipment rating. 17
Hoisting System

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 Hoisting System
Example 3:
A 9 5/8 inch, 53.5 Ib/ft casing string is to be set at 13500 ft in 14.8 ppg
mud. The casing is filled with mud as it is run. Calculate the designed
equipment rating.

Solution:
1014.6 tons

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 Hoisting System
Example 4:
The following data refer to a 1.5 in block line with 10 lines of extra improved
plough steel wire rope strung to the travelling block.

Hole depth = 10,000 ft

Drillpipe = 5 in OD/4.276 in ID, 19.5 lb/ft
Drill collars = 500 ft, 8 in/2.825 in, 150 lb/ft
Mud weight = 10 ppg
Line and sheave efficiency coefficient = 0.9615

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 Hoisting System
Calculate :
1) weight of drill string in air and in mud;
2) hook load, assuming weight of travelling block and hook to be 23,500 lb;
3) deadline and fast-line loads, assuming an efficiency factor of 0.81;
4) dynamic crown load;
5) wireline design factor during drilling if breaking strength of wire is 228,000 lb.
6) design factor when running 7 in casing of 29 lb/ft.
Solution :
1) 260250 Ibs & 220432 Ibs
2) 243932 Ibs
3) 30115 Ibs & 24393 Ibs
4) 298440 Ibs
5) 7.57
6) 6.86
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