1.

1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE TEST MARK SCHEME

1. (a)

Relative mass Relative charge

Proton 1 +1 (1)

0 (or )
Electron –1 (1)

Neutron 1 0 (1)
3

(b) (Number of) protons or and + (number of) neutrons (1) CE mass of p
(number of) protons (1)
Allow no. of nucleons / amount of p & n.
ignore additional comment about electrons but penalise ‘+ electrons’

2
(c) B (1)
(1)
(allow Boron in words) penalise 9.0

(d) In common number of protons (or electrons) (1)

Difference number of neutrons (1) 2

(e) × 12 (1)
molecule, element, entity } instead of atom loses 1st mark

or × 12 (1)
or mean mass of an atom {compared with, relative to {an atom of 12C taken as 12, of a
12C atom 2
(f) (i)
(treat one wrong multiplicand as AE –1, 2 mistakes CE)

= 84⋅1 (1)
(ignore units)

(iv) Kr (1)
(allow conseq) 4
[15]
2. (a) same M/Z (1) 1
(b) not accelerated (1) 1
(c) RMM = 58 (1)
because this is the peak with the largest m/z ratio (1)
or 58 is the molecular/parent ion peak
2
[4]

3. (a)
2
(b) 1s2 2s2 (1) 1

(c) 1
(d) (i) Cu 3d10 4s1 / 4s1 3d10 ) (1) ) mark independently
(ii) Cu2+ 3d9 ) (1) 2
[6]
4. (a) First ionisation energy equation Li(g) → Li+(g) + e– (1)
Second ionisation energy equation Li+(g) → Li2+(g) e– (1) tate symbols (1) 3
(b) (i) He’s electron in 1s (1)closer to nucleus (or no shielding) (1)(or converse argument
for Li)
(ii) Be’s outer electron in 2s (1)lower in energy than 2p (1)

(iii) more protons (1)

or increased nuclear charge
attracting electrons in the same {shell/orbital/sub–shell/energy level (1)
or similar shielding
(iv) Electron removed from positive ion (1)which attracts the electron more (1)(allow ½
for 2nd electron nearer to the nucleus) 8
[11]

5. sample introduced at low pressure (or gas or vapour or vacuum) (1)electron gun (or
bombarded with electrons) (1)which knocks out an electron (or removes an electron) (1)
producing a positive ion (1)the ions are accelerated (1)and focused (or made into a beam)
(1)by an electric field (or negative plates or electric plates) (1)magnetic field (or magnet)
(1)ions are deflected (1)deflection depends on m/z of each ion (1)lightest (or smallest
m/z) deflected most (1)ions go to a detector (1)a small current is produced (or abundance
counted) (1)which is fed to a computer (or recorder or display or chart etc) (1)electric
field (or magnet) adjusted to collect ions of different mass (1)
Note: a picture of a spectrum can score the chart mark and the abundance mark (if the
‘y’axis is labelled ‘abundance’ or ‘%’.
max
14
[14]