UDC 621.86/.87:621.854:677.

72 DEUTSCHE NORM February 1974

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~~ Lifting Appliances QI N
:-s Principles Relating to Rope Drives
j;.2~ Calculation and Construction 15 020
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This Standard incorporates technical safety stipulations within the meaning of the Law on Technical Equipment,
see Explanations.

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This Standard has been drawn up in collaboration with the Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften,
Zentralstelle fUr Unfallverhiitung (Federation of Industrial Injuries Insurance Associations, Central Office for Accident
Prevention), Bonn, and with the Bundesverband der landwirtschaftlichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Hauptstelle ftir
landwirtschaftliche Unfallverhiitung (Federal Association of Agricultural Injuries Insurance Associations, Central
Office for Accident Prevention in Agriculture), Kassel.
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;; For connection with publications of the Federation Europeenne de Ia Manutention(FEM = European Mechanical
ai Handling and Conveying Technology Federation), see Explanations.
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Contents

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Page Page
z 1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5.10 Galvanizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
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. 2 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5.11 Lubrication of the wire rope ............ 7
0 3 Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5.12 Length deviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
c 5.13 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
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·;; 4 Calculation of rope drive ................. 2 5.14 Laying of the wire ropes ............... 7
·~ 4.1 Mode of operation (drive group) ........... 2
4.2 Calculation of rope diameter 6 Rope suspensions and rope attachments ....... 7
8. 6.1 Condition of the rope end ............... 7
:§ (coefficient c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4.3 Calculation of the diameters of rope drums, 6.2 Additional stresses in the rope ............ 7
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rope pulleys and comrensating pulleys

6.3 Construction of components ............. 7
6.4 Stressing of components ................ 8
; [coefficient (h 1 · h 2 ) • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 4
; 6.5 Maintenance facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
i,.. 4.4 Dimensioning of the rope groove
(ratio of groove radius to rope diameter) ..... 5 7 Further requirements relating to rope drives . . . . 8
c0 7.1 Number of safety turns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
,; 5 Wire ropes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
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5.1 Nominal strength of the wires ............ 5
5.2 Wire diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7.2 Sideways deflection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7.3 Safeguard against running off ............. 8
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5.3 Number of strands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.4 Type of stranding of the strands ........... 7
7.4 Contact with stationary structural components .. 8
7. 5 Exposure to heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
c 5.5 Type of lay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7.6 Drum dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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ti:I 5.6 Hand of lay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7. 7 Protective casings for rope pulleys
, 5. 7 Non-twisting or non-rotating wire ropes ...... 7 and compensating pulleys ............... 8
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5.8 Low stress wire ropes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. 9 Steel core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Appendix: Efficiency of rope drives ............ 9

See DIN 15 020 Part 2 (new edition, at present still in draft fonn) for principles relating to rope drives, supervision
during service.
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:;::, See DIN 15 018 Part 1, draft February 1967 edition, Section 8, for holding ropes and tensioning ropes
!li See DIN 15 060 for sling ropes
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~u. Continued on pages 2 to 9
.2~c:; Explanations on pages 10 to 12
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Sole sale rights of Gennan Standards (DIN-Norman) are with Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin 30 DIN 15 020 Part 1 Engl. Price group 8
03.82
Sales No. 0108
 Page 2 DIN 15 020 Part 1

1 Scope 3. Diameters of rope drums, rope pulleys and

This Standard applies to rope drives of cranes (see
DIN 15 001) and of serial lifting appliances (see
DIN 15100) of all types.
It does not apply to rope drives with friction pulley
drive, to rope drives for excavators, elevators, aerial
ropeways and winding engines, nor does it apply to rope
drives on board ships with the exception of deck cranes.
Wire ropes which do not run on rope drums and/or over
rope pulleys (carrying ropes and tensioning ropes) and
sling ropes are not dealt with in this Standard.
2 Purpose
The purpose of the procedure for the calculation of rope
drives recommended in this Standard is to ensure an
adequate degree of safety of operation of the lifting
appliance and to achieve an adequate service life for the
wire ropes used.
3 Concepts
A "rope drive" within the meaning of this Standard
comprises the wire ropes running on rope drums and on
or over rope pulleys, as well as the associated rope drums,
rope pulleys and compensating pulleys.
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compensating pulleys [coefficient (h 1 · h 2 )]
4. Rope grooves
4.1 Mode of operation (drive group)
The mechanical components of cranes and serial lifting
appliances, i.e including the rope drives, shall be graded
according to their mode of operation into a "drive
group" in accordance with Table 1 below, in order to
achieve an adequately long service life. The grading is
made according to running time categories, which take
the average running time of the rope drive into account,
and also according to load collectives, which take the
relative level of the loading or the frequency of full
load occurrence into consideration. As regards the
grading into running time categories, the mean running
time per day, related to one year, is the determining
factor.
If the service life is largely a function, in exceptional
cases, of factors which lie mainly outside the rope
drive itself, then one of the lower drive groups may be
adopted for the purpose of calculation, rather than the
drive group corresponding to the anticipated operating
conditions, providing that
experience indicates that no accidents are likely to be

caused thereby
Compensating pulleys are rope pulleys over which the a safeguard against overload is incorporated, and
wire rope normally runs during operation, over a segment the rope drive is monitored during operation with
not exceeding three times the diameter of the wire rope. particular care.
The term "grab" in this Standard applies only to the load
suspension devices defined in DIN 15 002. 4.2 Calculation of rope diameter (coefficient c)
The rope diameter d (in mm) is determined in accordance
4 Calculation of rope drive with one of the two formulae below, from the calculated
When calculating the rope drives, the following factors traction force on the ropeS (inN) or S' (in kp):
which influence the service life of a wire rope must be
taken into consideration: dmin =c. (S Ill
1. ModP of operation (drive group) or
2. Wire rope diameter (coefficient c) (2)

Table 1. Drive groups according to running time categories and to load collectives 1)

Running !
Symbol Voos Vo12 Vo25 Vo5 vt v2 Va v4 v5
time I

category !
Mean running time per day in h, up toO,I25 over O,I25 over 0,25 over 0,5 over I over 2 iover 4over 8 over I6
related to one year up to0,25 up to0,5 up to I up to2 up to 41 up to 8 op to I6

No Term Explanation Drive group

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maximum load
1 light occurs only lEm lEm lDm lCm lBm lAm 2m 3m 4m
Load infrequently
collec·
tive low, average
2 medium
and maximum
loads occur with 1Em lDm lCm lBm lAm 2m
I
I
I 3m 4m 5m
roughly equal
frequency
maximum loads
3 heavy occur almost lDm lCm lBm lAm 2m 3m 4m 5m 5m
continuously
If the duration of an operating cycle is 12 minutes or longer, the rope drive may be graded one drive group lower
than the drive group grading determined from the running time category and from the load collective.

1 ) This Table can be dispensed with as soon as a suitable standard applicable to all drives has been elaborated.

2) See page 9