Grammar Handbook

Vremenske odrednice:

When – kada
npr. When we entered the building the lecture had alreadz started. = Kada smo ušli u zgradu
predavanje je već bilo počelo.

Then – onda
npr. I had finished my paper and then I went to sleep. = Bio sam završio rad pa sam otišao da
spavam.

By – do
npr. By 7 tonight. = Do 7 večeras.
By the end of next month my responsibilities will have increased. = Do kraja sledećeg
meseca moje obaveze će se povećati.

By the time – dok

npr. By the time they arrive, we will have left. = Dok oni stignu, mi ćemo otići.
By the time they arrived, we had already left. = Dok su oni stigli, mi smo već bili otišli.

Already – već
npr. John has already arrived. = Džon je već stigao.
By the time they arrived, we had already left. = Dok su oni stigli, mi smo već bili otišli.

Before – pre
npr. We will be there before the show starts. = Bićemo tamo pre nego što predstava počne.

The Past Perfect

Vreme koje je isto kao srpski pluskvamperfekat i označava radnju u prošlosti koja se desila pre
odnosno ranije nego neka druga.

npr. I had done my homework first and then I went out. =

Prvo sam bio uradio domaći pa sam izašao u grad.

Ono što se desilo prvo (i dalje u prošlosti) je u perfektu dok je skorija radnja u past simple
vremenu.

It was very late, most of the shops had closed. =

Bilo je jako kasno, mnoge radnje su se već zatvorile.

By the time we came to the party most of the guests had already left. =
Dok smo mi stigli na žurku mnogi gosti su već bili otišli.
Gradi se isto kao present perfect samo što se pomoćni glagol have stavlja u prošlo vreme =
had + past participle

Past Perfect:

npr. I had read. = Bio sam pročitao We had read. = Bili smo pročitali
You had read. = Bio si pročitao You had read. = Bili ste pročitali
He/She had read. = Bio je pročitao/la They had read. = Bili su pročitali

Uporedite sa present perfect vremenom:

I have read. = Pročitao sam We have read. = Pročitali smo

You have read. = Pročitao si You have read. = Pročitali ste
He/She has read. = Pročitao/la je They have read. = Pročitali su

The Past Perfect Continuous

Koristi se kada želimo da naglasimo da je radnja koja bi inače išla u past perfect duže trajala i/ili
da nije završena. Past perfect = bio sam pročitao; Past perfect continuous = bio sam čitao.

Razlika između past continuous i past perfect continuous je:

I was studying when they came. = Učio sam kada su stigli.

Jedna radnja koja prekida drugu.

I had been studying before they came. = Bio sam učio pre nego što su došli.
Radnja nije nužno prekinuta.

Jovan and Suzana had been doing all the work before help arrived. =
Jovan i Suzana su bili radili sav posao pre nego što je pomoć stigla.

Vreme se gradi od had been + -ing

npr. I had been reading. = Bio sam čitao We had been reading. = Bili smo čitali
You had been reading. = Bio si čitao You had been reading. = Bili ste čitali
He/She had been reading. = Bio je čitao/la They had been reading. = Bili su čitali
The Future

Razlikujemo više načina da iskažemo futur. Najjednostavniji i najneutralniji jeste

 The Future Simple:

will + bare infinitive (ili krnji infinitiv; samo se odbije to)

I will to go = I will go = Ja ću ići/da idem.

U svakom licu je oblik glagola isti. Jedino se menja lice (I, you, he, she, it, we, they)

Koristi se za činjenice o budućnosti, neutralno razmišljanje o budućnosti (nije doneta

nikakva odluka niti plan)

They will be here tomorrow. = Biće ovde sutra. (činjenica)

The party will be great. = Žurka će biti super. (stav ili razmišljanje o budućem događaju)

 Be Going To

Kada smo nešto definitivno odlučili za budućnost.

After University I am going to travel around Europe. =

Nakon fakulteta ću putovati Evropom. (To će se sigurno desiti, doneo sam odluku)

I am not going to go with you, I have other plans. =

Neću ići sa tobom, imam druge planove.

Oblici su:

I am going to travel. We are going to travel.

You are going to travel. You are going to travel.
He/she is going to travel. They are going to travel.

 The Present Continuous

Kada imamo nešto isplanirano u budućnosti.

I’m meeting my friends at 8 o’ clock. = Nalazim se sa društvom u 8.

We’re having a party next week. = Pravimo žurku sledeće nedelje.
We’re staying in Greece next summer. = Letujemo u Grčkoj sledećeg leta.

Obratite pažnju da se present continuous prevodi našim prezentom.

 The Future Continuous

Čim imamo continuous u pitanju je trajanje. Kada želimo da naglasimo da će radnja u

budućnosti trajati onda koristimo future continuous.

I wonder what I will be doing next year. =

Pitam se šta ću raditi/ čime ću se baviti sledeće godine.

This time next month, Marko will be writing his paper. =

Sledećeg meseca u ovo vreme, Marko će pisati svoj rad.

Takođe ima jednostavan oblik: will be + -ing

I will be writing We will be writing

You will be writing You will be writing
He/she will be writing They will be writing

 The Future Perfect

1. Kada imamo 2 radnje u budućnosti ili i jedna se završava pre druge slično kao što
koristimo past perfect za 2 radnje u prošlosti.

By the time we arrive to the party, most of the guests will (already) have left. =
Dok mi stignemo mnogi gosti će već otići.

Before work begins, the workers will have prepared everything. =

Pre nego što radovi počnu, radnici će pripremiti sve.

Uporedite sa past perfect vremenom:

By the time we arrived to the party most of the guests had (already) left. =
Dok smo mi stigli na žurku mnogi gosti su već bili otišli.

Before work began, the workers had prepared everything. =

Pre nego što su radovi počeli, radnici su bili pripremili sve.

2. Ili kada imamo tačno određeno vreme do kada jedna radnja treba da se završi.

By 7 o’ clock I will have finished with work. =

Do 7 sati ću završiti sa poslom.

By 2020 I will have finished University. =

Do 2020 ću završiti fakultet.

In December, I will have lived in Belgrade for 3 months. =

U Decembru će biti 3 meseca otkad živim u Beogradu.

Oblici: will have + past participle

I will have completed my studies by 2020.

You will have completed your studies by 2020.
He/she will have completed his/her studies by 2020.

We will have completed our studies by 2020.

You will have completed your studies by 2020.
They will have completed their studies by 2020.