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c. Receiver

d. Medium

e. Protocol – Protocol refers to a set of rules that co-ordinates the exchange of information.

Data Transmission mode

a. Simplex – It is unidirectional. Only one device transmits the information, the others can receive it. Example in
television transmission.

b. Half-duplex – Each device can receive and transmit information but not at the same time. Example is wireless
handset.

c. Duplex – In this mode both communication devices send and receive the information simultaneously. Example
is telephone network.

Data communication measurement

Bandwidth refers to the maximum volume of information that can be transferred over any communication medium.
On digital circuits, bandwidth is measured in bits per second(bps) -

Kbps - 1000 (kilo) bit per second.

Mbps - 106(mega)bit per second.

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