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b. Digital data - Digital data is stored in the binary form i.e. in the form of 0’s and 1’s.

A modem is needed to convert the digital data signals to analog signal. When analog signals are transmitted over a
long distance, it needs to be amplified which may distort the value of the data transmitted.

Modulation techniques
Modulation is the process of superimposing the signal to be communicated on a carrier signal, which propagates by
means of an electromagnetic wave. Modulation is like wrapping paper (signal) with store(carrier signal) such that it
can be thrown longer distance. The modulation can be of the form -

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