SURGICAL & NBR GLOVES MANUFACTURING UNIT

[EIRI/EDPR/3892] J.C.: 2010

INTRODUCTION

Gloves are single-use items and should not be washed or reused. Polythene: Thin and
have a tendency to tear. They are not an appropriate choice for healthcare settings.
Vinyl: Have been shown to be less effective than latex gloves in providing an
impermeable barrier against microorganisms.

Disposable medical gloves are available in nitrile, latex and vinyl materials. Any gloves
worn by health professionals should be free of powder, sterile, textured and coated for
extra protection. Nitrile tends to be the most favored glove material for those working in
the healthcare industry.

A disposable glove is commonly made from natural or synthetic rubber that covers the
whole hand and is used to protect the wearer against harmful environmental influences
and/ or used by caregivers in health care to protect themselves and patients from
infections. As the name implies, disposable gloves are designed for single use only and
should be disposed immediately after use.

Hand Protection- one of PPE’S

Appropriate selection of gloves is essential to protecting hands. Chemically protective

gloves are one of the most important tools to minimize dermal exposures to chemicals
in research laboratories. Gloves should only be used under the specific conditions for
which they are designed, as no glove is impervious to all chemicals.

It is also important to note that gloves degrade over time, so they should be replaced as
necessary to ensure adequate protection. Laboratory personnel should use the
information below, and manufacturer compatibility charts (found under useful
resources in the above right menu), to choose the type and style of glove.

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Choice of gloves

Because the fundamental function of gloves is to protect both the wearer and the
patient against the transmission of infectious microorganisms, the most important
criterion for selection of gloves for safe use should be barrier performance. With the
onset of latex protein allergy affecting certain genetically predisposed individuals, the
risk of sensitization and allergy-triggering reactions in these already allergic users
should also be considered.

Properly manufactured NR latex gloves are known for their excellent barrier property,
high strength, good elasticity, tactile sensitivity, comfort, fit, and durability. This is
particularly so with powdered gloves. Over the years, manufacturers of synthetic gloves
have attempted to simulate these NR properties. It is not unreasonable to say that
today, these properties are still unsurpassed (in full) by any of the synthetic gloves
currently manufactured.

Natural rubber latex is the oldest and most familiar material used in disposable gloves.
In recent years it has increasingly been supplanted by nitrile and to a lesser extent
vinyl gloves, but it remains popular in many uses, especially medical applications.

Natural rubber latex is obtained from the Hevea Brasiliensis tree when it’s bark is
tapped. It is a milky fluid comprising 30-40% of rubber hydrocarbon particles
suspended in a serum together with a few percent of other non-rubber substances such
as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, sugars and some metals (non-rubber fractions). The
remaining major component is water.

Natural rubber latex is obtained from the Hevea Brasiliensis tree when it’s bark is
tapped. It is a milky fluid comprising 30-40% of rubber hydrocarbon particles
suspended in a serum together with a few percent of other non-rubber substances such
as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, sugars and some metals (non-rubber fractions). The
remaining major component is water.

Manufacturers use a variety of machines and processes to produce both surgical and
examination gloves. The most popular style of machine for the production of
examination gloves, and to some extent surgical gloves, is the continuous chain or
drag-line machine.

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Powdered gloves are typically produced by means of an on-line powdering process in
which the gloves are dipped into a slurry made from modified cornstarch. Some
manufacturers have used off-line processes in which the gloves are washed, dried, and
powdered. The powdering can be accomplished by either a wet or dry process.

The most widely used method for the production of powder-free gloves is subjection of
the gloves to a chlorination process. Chlorine is used to chemically modify the NR
surface. This modification reduces the surface tack of the rubber and allows the glove
to be donned without the use of powder. However, this treatment is not sufficient to
allow the glove to be donned when the user’s hand is damp or wet.

This shortfall in the performance of the gloves led to the development of polymeric
coatings, which when applied to the rubber surface, allowed the user to don the gloves
not only with dry hands but also with damp or wet hands. This feature is particularly
important for surgical gloves because intraoperative changes may be necessary.

The coatings are made from a variety of materials. Acrylates, urethanes, and even
nitriles have been used as surface coatings for medical gloves. The methods of
application to the rubber surface range from on-line coatings to off-line washing
processes.

Medical Exam Gloves are used to protect the health of the patient and caregiver. They
offer a protective barrier between any contagions that the caregiver may be carrying as
well as what the patient may have. This barrier reduces the risk of infection. There are
three different types of medical gloves in common use--latex, vinyl, and nitrile. Latex is
made from rubber, a natural material. Latex is most often used in medical procedures.
Vinyl is a synthetic man-made material made of plastic from ethylene and chlorine. It is
a low-cost option often used in food handling. Nitrile is also a synthetic material but is
made from acrylonitrile and butadiene. It is highly elastic, resistant to punctures,
resistant to chemicals, and easily conforms. It is used in medical procedures,
maintenance, gardening and a host of other uses because of its durability. Each glove
type has its own advantages and disadvantages.

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 CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
HAND PROTECTION- ONE OF PPE’S
CHOICE OF GLOVES
PROJECT LOCATION-WEST BENGAL
CLIMATE
DISTRICT MAP OF WB:-
TRANSPORT
BRIEF HISTORY OF RUBBER
JOSEPH LISTER AND SURGICAL ASEPSIS
THE HISTORY OF DISPOSABLE GLOVES
1889
1894
1965
1992
MID-1990S
TODAY
TYPES OF DISPOSABLE GLOVES EXIST
USES & APPLICATION OF THIN NITRILE GLOVES
1) MEDICAL GLOVES
THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF EN455 ARE:
2) INDUSTRIAL, LABORATORY AND PHARMACEUTICAL GLOVES
3), WITH A CATEGORY 2 GLOVE WHICH DOES NOT FALL INTO THE
CATEGORIES 1 OR 3.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RUBBER LATEX GLOVE FILM AFTER DIPPING MOLD
TYPES OF GLOVES
GLOVE TYPES THE RUBBER GLOVES CAN BE DIVIDED BASICALLY INTO 4
DIFFERENT CATEGORIES,
MEDICAL GLOVES
MEDICAL GLOVES CAN FURTHER BE DIVIDED INTO TWO,
HOUSEHOLD GLOVES
INDUSTRIAL GLOVES
SPECIALITY GLOVES
EMERGENCY SERVICES
POLICE GLOVES
GLOVE PROPERTIES
THE PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS OF GLOVES ARE,
AFTER TREATMENTS OF GLOVES
CHLORINATION
POLYMER COATING

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HYDROGEL COATINGS
GLOVE ALLERGY AND IT’S REMEDIES
TYPE I ALLERGY
TYPE IV ALLERGY
CHEMICALS USED IN THE PROCESSING OF RUBBER PRODUCTS CAUSE THIS TYPE
OF ALLERGY.
"SAFE" PROTEIN LEVELS
POWDER-FREE GLOVES
TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL OF GLOVES
IN-PROCESS TESTING
DIPPED LATEX PRODUCTS
WET-COACERVANT DIPPING
DRY-COACERVANT DIPPING ( COAGULANT DIPPING )
EXAMPLES OF DRY COACERVANT SOLUTIONS ARE GIVEN BELOW: PARTS BY
WEIGHT (PBW)
HEAT SENSITIZED DIPPING
ELECTRO DEPOSITION
FORMERS
DIPPING TANKS
DIPPING MACHINES
SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS
GLOVE PRODUCTION & MANUFACTURING
THE GLOVES ARE MANUFACTURED BY EITHER A
BATCH DIPPING PROCESS
CONTINUOUS DIPPING PROCESS
LATEX DIPPING
LATEX CONCENTRATE
COMPOUNDING
COAGULANT DIPPING
LATEX DIPPING
BEADING
LEACHING
VULCANIZATION
POST LEACHING
SLURRY DIP
BEADING
LEACHING
VULCANIZATION
POST LEACHING
SLURRY DIP
STRIPPING
TUMBLING
GLOVE PACKING
GLOVE STERILIZATION

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FINISHED GLOVES
LATEX COMPOUND DESIGN FOR DIPPED GOODS
POLYMER:
FILLERS:
SOFTENERS:
STABILISERS:
ANTIOXIDANTS:
VISCOSITY MODIFIERS:
OTHER ADDITIVES
BRIEF ABOUT VULCANIZATION & ACCELERATORS
ACCELERATORS:
RAW MATERIAL
EXAMINATION GLOVES USED IN HEALTHCARE
ELEMENTS OTHER THAN THE GLOVE MATERIAL THAT DETERMINE THE LEVEL OF
BARRIER PROTECTION INCLUDE:
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
FORMULATION
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
NITRILE TECHNOLOGY IS RAPIDLY ADVANCING AND A RANGE OF DEVELOPMENTS
IS PREDICTED:
1) CLEANROOM GLOVES
2) ACCELERATOR FREE GLOVES
3) AQL 0.65
ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE
ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE
THE QUALITY-CONTROL PHASE
MARKET SURVEY
PRODUCT SEGMENT
FORM SEGMENT REVIEW
KEY BENEFITS FOR INDIA DISPOSABLE GLOVES MARKET:
BY PRODUCT
BY FORM
BY APPLICATION
BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL
MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS
NR LATEX
POLYETHYLENE OXIDE FATTY ALCOHOL
NBR LATEX
KOH SOLUTION
POLYPHENOL (ANTIOXIDANT DISPERSION)
ZINC OXIDE
SULPHER
ZDEC, ZDBC, TMTD

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RAW MATERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS
NBR LATEX
NR LATEX
KOH SOLUTION
STYRENATED PHENOL
ZINC OXIDE
SULPHER
ZDEC
ZDBC
TMTD

APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity 1,60,000 Pcs/Day

Land & Building (7500 sq.mt.) Rs. 4.87 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 9.73 Cr
Working Capital for 1 Month Rs. 84 Lac
Total Capital Investment Rs. 16.04 Cr
Rate of Return 41%
Break Even Point 47%

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