BAMBOO PULP

[EIRI/EDPR/3516] J.C.: 1602INR, 1603US$

INTRODUCTION

Bamboos are a group of woody perennial evergreen plants in the true grass family
Poaceae, subfamily Bambusoideae, tribe Bambuseae. Some of its members are
giants, forming by far the largest members of the grass family. Younger tips of
some of the larger species can grow over 1 meter per day.Bamboo pulp means
moist, slightly cohering mass, consisting of soft, undissolved animal or vegetable
matter.Pulp made from wood, used especially to make paper.

Bamboo is botanically classified as a grass and for pulping purposes it is regarded

as an annual plant. Bamboo pulp is very similar to softwood in terms of fiber
length and strength. However, pulping conditions are also very similar to
eucalyptus. Hence, bamboo can be pulped together with hardwood. Mixed cooking
provides stronger pulp than hardwood pulped separately and later mixed with
bamboo. Bamboo can also be cooked with acacia.

Bamboo can be formed into a suitable pulp if prior to digestion it undergoes a

process of shredding, washing and wet depithing.The fibres are then chemically
digested preferably by a process which uses rapid pressure drops to open the
fibres using the energy contained in the wet superheated fibres.

Plant cell walls are composed of cellulose which is the main material used to make
paper. Wood contains high levels of these papermaking fibres and is the main
pulp source utilized in North America. The structure and shape of the cellulose
wood fibre varies from species to species and even within an individual tree.

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Chemical pulping turns the wood pulp brown in colour. Although this is fine for
such packaging as cardboard and some paper bags, whiteness is an important
characteristic in papers used for printing or high quality packaging. Bleaching is
used to whiten and purify the pulp fibres. How much bleaching is required
depends on the end product that will be manufactured from the pulp. Bleaching,
however, weakens the wood fibre. Different paper products have different
requirements for the balance between strength and whiteness. To meet this range
of needs, mills produce a variety of pulps such as fully bleached, semi-bleached
and unbleached.

The international commodity market for paper pulp is well established, and the
supply side is dominated by a few very large multinational companies. Prices in
the domestic market in Australia essentially track the cycles in world price.
Indicative costs of bleached pulp are $700-$1,000/t. The economic success of a
pulping plant hinges on its ability to commercially produce pulp when prices are
at the bottom of the cycle.

Pulp and paper industry is a very conspicuous industry of modern times. Paper
form a commodity of prime in partance to day from the parts of view of mass
communication, education, and industrial and economic growth.

Agricultural residues, such as bagasse, rice husk, wheat husk jute sticks, grasses,
etc are fast becoming popular materials for paper making. considerable attention
is being given to the utilization of various agricultural by products for preparing
pulp for paper manufacture lendable efforts are being make in this direction.

Paper production requires a disintegration of the bulky fibraes material to

individual or small agglomerate fibres.

This is called pulping. The ideal fibre for high grade paper should be long, high in
cellulose content and low in ligrin content. Most ideal raw materila for paper
products is bamboo. Other sources are bagasse and hardwoods like jute stick
must be developed and good quality paper pulp make by blending with bamboo
fibre.

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PULP/PAPER FROM BAMBOO:-

Pulp/Paper is one of the major forest based industrial products Indian.

Pulp/Paper industries is based primarily on bamboo which accounts for about 70
to 80% percent of the raw material used.

Before bamboo, moonj and sabal grass were the principal raw materials but due to
the problem of seasonal suppliers, difficulty in collection and higher cost,
technological inprovements were undertaken by forest Research Institute,
Dehradun to substitute them with bamboo.

OTHER SOURCES:-

Besides bamboo, agricultural residues like rice and wheat straw, jute and mesta
stalks, husks and bagasse are also used as raw materials.

Blends of bamboo help and bagasse have proved satisfactory for writing and
printing paper.

The seasonal and wide-spread availability of these agricultural wastes have proved
them a good basis for used in small paper mills at least.

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 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
PULP/PAPER FROM BAMBOO
OTHER SOURCES
USES AND APPLICATIONS
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
PROSPECTS AND ADVANTAGES OF BAMBOO
PAPER PULP MANUFACTURING
OVERVIEW OF PHILIPPINE BAMBOO INDUSTRY
THE PHILIPPINE BAMBOO INDUSTRY
ISSUES OF THE BAMBOO INDUSTRY
POTENTIALS FOR GLOBAL MARKET POSITIONING
TABLE: BREAKDOWN OF THE GLOBAL BAMBOO MARKET INTO
COMPONENT PRODUCTS
TABLE: PROJECTED SHARES OF THE PHILIPPINES IN THE GLOBAL
BAMBOO MARKET
MARKET SURVEY
ITS GOALS ARE:
ADVANTAGES OF UNBLEACHED BAMBOO PAPER PULP
1. ORIGINAL RAW MATERIAL OF BAMBOO PULP
2. NATURAL, NO ADDITIVES
3. HEALTHY AND COMFORTABLE, SAFE AND RELAXED
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF BAMBOO PULPS
RAW MATERIALS
SOME IMPORTANT POINTS ABOUT RAW MATERIALS
BAMBOO
CHARACTERISTICS OF BAMBOO
CHARACTERISTICS OF FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS
CHARACTRERISTICS OF BAMBOO PULP
CHEMICALS REQUIRED FOR PULP AND PAPER MILLS (IN GENERAL)
CAUSTIC SODA (NAOH)
LIME
CHLORINE
HYPOCHLORITE
ALUM
ROSIN
STARCH
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF BAMBOO PULP
PROCESS OF PULP FROM BAMBOO
PULP FROM BAMBOO

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BLEACHING
SCREENING OF THE PULP
BAMBOO PULP BEATING
SCREENING OF THE PULP
PROCESSING DETAILS OF BAMBOO PULP
MANUFACTURE OF PULP
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF PULP FROM
BAMBOO
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
BAMBOO
SPECIFICATION OF BAMBOO PULP PLANT MACHINERY
BAMBOO/BAGASSE STREET

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APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

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 COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity 10 MT/Day

Land & Building (8000 sq.mt.) Rs. 4.07 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 3.42 Cr
Working Capital for 2 Months Rs. 1.24 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 8.98 Cr
Rate of Return 26%
Break Even Point 60%

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