Nenoteiktais INTEGRĀLIS Funkcijas ATVASINĀJUMS

Integrēšanas Funkcijas ienešana

Integrēšanas likumi Elementāra funkcija Salikta funkcija
pamatformulas zem diferenciāļa zīmes Atvasināšanas likumi
y = f ( x) y = f (u ) , kur u = g ( x )
n +1
⎛x ⎞ n +1
( a )′ = 0,
x Summa un starpība:
∫ x dx = n + 1 + C , x n ⋅ dx = d ⎜ 1. a = const
n
⎟ Summa un starpība:
⎝ n +1⎠
n = const , n ≠ −1. ∫ ( f ( x ) ± g ( x) )dx = ∫ f ( x )dx ± ∫ g ( x)dx ( x )′ = a ⋅ x
a a −1
, a = const ( u )′ = a⋅ u
a a −1
⋅ u ′ , a = const (u + v − w)′ = u ′ + v′ − w′
1. dx = d ( x) Reizinājums:
=> ∫ dx = x + C 2. ( x )′ = ( x1 )′ = 1 ( u )′ = u′
Reizinājums:
1 ∫ a f ( x )dx = a ∫ f ( x)dx , a = const (u ⋅ v )′ = u′v + uv′
=> ∫x dx = ∫ x − n dx
( u )′ = ( u )′
( x )′ = ( x )′
n 1n
f ( x ) ⋅ g ( x )dx = Integrēšanas metode ! (au )′ = a ⋅ u′ , a = const
n

∫
n 1n

n = - 1: (u ⋅ v ⋅ w)′ = u′vw + uv′w + uvw′

2. dx 1 ( a )′ = a
x x
ln a , a = const ( a )′ = a
u u
ln a ⋅ u′ , a = const
∫ x = ln | x | +C ⋅ dx = d ( ln x ) Diferenciāļa pārveidošana: 3. Dalījums:
x
1 ( e )′ = e
x x
( e )′ = e ⋅ u′
u u ′
⎛ u ⎞ u′v − uv′
e x ⋅ dx = d ( e x )
dx = d ( x ± a) dx = d ( ax ) . ⎜ ⎟ = , v≠0
∫e
x
dx = e x + C un
a ⎝v⎠ v2
( ln x )′ = ( ln u )′ =
1 1
⋅ u′ ′
ax ⎛ ax ⎞ x u ⎛u⎞ 1 ′
3.
∫ a dx = ln a + C , Funkcijas ienešana zem diferenciāļa zīmes:
⎜ ⎟ = u , a = const
x
a x ⋅ dx = d ⎜ ⎟ 4.
⎝a⎠ a
( loga u )′ =
1
⎝ ln a ⎠ ( loga x )′ =
1 ⋅ u′
a = const , a ≠ 1, a > 0. ( f ( x) )′ dx = d ( f ( x)) . x ln a u ln a
⎛a⎞
′
−1 ′
⎜ ⎟ = a (u )
⎝u⎠
∫ cos xdx = sin x + C cosx ⋅ dx = d ( sinx ) dx x ( sin x )′ = cos x ( sin u )′ = cos u ⋅ u′
4. 10. ∫ a −x 2 2
= arcsin
a
+C 5.
sinx ⋅ dx = − d ( cosx ) ( cos x )′ = − sin x ( cos u )′ = − sin u ⋅ u′
∫ sin xdx = − cos x + C dx
PARAMETRISKI dotas funkcijas
⎧ x = x (t )
∫ = ln | x + x ± a | +C
2 2
11. ⎨ atvasinājums:
( tg x )′ = ( tg u )′ =
1 1
dx 1
⋅ dx = d ( tg x ) x ±a ⋅ u′ ⎩ y = y (t )
∫ cos2 x = tg x + C
2 2

cos 2 x cos2 x cos2 u

5. 6.
yt′
x−a ( ctg x )′ = − 2 ( ctg u )′ = − 2 ⋅ u′ ⋅ ( y ′x )′t .
dx 1 1 1 1
∫ sin 2 x = − ctg x + C ⋅ dx = − d ( ctg x ) 12. ∫
dx
=
1
ln +C y ′x = un y ′′xx =
sin 2 x x 2 − a 2 2a x + a sin x sin u xt′ xt′

( arcsin x )′ = ( arcsin u )′ =
1 1
dx 1
⋅ dx = d ( arcsin x ) a+x ⋅ u′
∫ 1− x
= arcsin x + C
1 − x2 13. ∫a
dx
=
1
ln +C 1 − x2 1 − u2 APSLĒPTAS funkcijas F ( x, y ) = 0
− x 2 2a a − x
2 2
6. 7. atvasinājums:
( arccos u )′ = −
1
( arccos x )′ = −
1 1 ⋅ u′
dx ⋅ dx = −d ( arccos x ) ⎛x⎞ Fx′
∫ 1 − x2
= − arccos x + C
1 − x2 14. ∫x
dx 1
= arctg ⎜ ⎟ + C 1 − x2 1 − u2 y′ = −
Fy′
.
2
+ a2 a ⎝a⎠
( arctg x )′ = ( arctg u )′ =
1 1
dx 1 ⋅ u′
∫ 1 + x 2 = arctg x + C ⋅ dx = d ( arctg x ) dx 1 ax
1 + x2 1 + u2
LOGARITMISKĀ atvasināšana
1 + x2 8.
7. 15. ∫ sin ax = a ln tg 2
+C
( arcctg x )′ = −
1 ( arcctg u )′ = −
1
⋅ u′
dx 1
⋅ dx = −d ( arcctg x ) 1 + x2 1 + u2 y = f ( x ) g ( x ) : 1) ln y = ln f ( x ) g ( x )
∫ 1 + x 2 = − arcctg x + C 1 + x2 dx 1 ⎛ ax π ⎞
16. ∫ cos ax = a ln tg ⎜⎝ + ⎟ +C
2 4⎠
( sh x )′ = ch x ( sh u )′ = ch u ⋅ u′ 2)
1
y ′ = ( g ( x ) ⋅ ln f ( x ) )′
∫ ch xdx = sh x + C chx ⋅ dx = d ( shx ) 9. y
8. ( ch x )′ = sh x ( ch u )′ = sh u ⋅ u′
∫ sh xdx = ch x + C shx ⋅ dx = d ( chx ) x 2 a2 x LOPITĀLA kārtula:
17. ∫ a 2 − x 2 dx =
2
a − x 2 + arcsin + C
2 a ( th x )′ =
1
( th u )′ =
1
⋅ u′
dx 1 ch 2 x ch 2 u f ( x) ⎛ ⎛ ∞ ⎞ ⎛ 0 ⎞⎞ f ′( x )
∫ ch = th x + C ⋅ dx = d ( th x ) 10. lim = ⎜ ⎟ vai ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ = lim
( cth u )′ = − 2 ⋅ u′ g ( x ) ⎜⎝ ⎝ ∞ ⎠
x 2 2 a2 1
⎝ 0 ⎠ ⎠ x→a g ′( x )
2
ch 2 x
( cth x )′ = − 2
x 1
∫ x + a dx = x + a + ln x + x 2 + a 2 + C
2 2 x →a
9. 18.
1 2 2 sh x sh u
dx ⋅ dx = −d ( cth x )
∫ sh 2 x = − cth x + C sh 2 x