Subject:Distillation

Name:karzan mohamad salih

Stage: 1st
Chemistry practical report
Data:3/12/2018

1
 DISTILLATION INTODUCTION

a process in which a liquid or vapour mixture of

two or more substances is separated into its
component fractions of desired purity, by the
application and removal of heat.

Distillation is based on the fact that the vapour of a

boiling mixture will be richer in the components that have lower boiling
points.

Therefore, when this vapour is cooled and condensed, the condensate will
contain more volatile components. At the same time, the original mixture
will contain more of the less volatile material.

Distillation columns are designed to achieve this separation efficiently.

Although many people have a fair idea what “distillation” means, the
important aspects that seem to be missed from the manufacturing point of
view are that:

distillation is the most common separation technique

it consumes enormous amounts of energy, both in terms of cooling

and heating requirements

it can contribute to more than 50% of plant operating costs

The best way to reduce operating costs of existing units, is to improve their
efficiency and operation via process optimisation and control. To achieve this
improvement, a thorough understanding of distillation principles and how
distillation systems are designed is essential.

2
Reference: http://www.rccostello.com/distil/distil0.htm

3
AIM OF EXPERIMENT
Aim of experiment is to Distillation acetone

EQUIPMENTS

 2 Erlenmeyer flasks

 2 -hole stopper that fits a flask

 some plastic tubing

 short lengths of glass tubing

 cold water bath (any container that can hold both cold water

and a flask)

 boiling chip

 hotplate

 thermometer (optional)

 stone

4
DISTILLATION PROCEDURE

 first of all we got the acetone then we measured 5ML by Graduated cylinder

 after that we get 10ML of water by Graduated cylinder

 after that we put both of acetone and water to Erlenmeyer flask

 then we put Erlenmeyer flask to warm water in container

 under container have hot plat

 we must wait for of acetone to arrive boiling point 56

 after boiling point arrive to 56 in Thermometer acetone will be gas

but cool water will transport to liquids and get out to Graduated

cylinder

 in last of these procces get 1.2ML of acetone

and 10ML of water

DISCUSSION

5
1. compare the volumes of both solvents before and after distillation
and explain why if the volumes are different ?
>before experiment we have 10ML of water or solvent ,after experiment have
same volumes its 10ML .

2. what factors might affect the distillation ?

>temperature if high or low, we cant get the volumes of substance exactly .

3. what errors might occur in this experiment ?

>after we get acetone in distillation if we don’t close container will be change

acetone to gas.

4. What is uses of distillation in industry ?

> Distillation is a natural process using temperature variation to separate a liquid

and one or more other ingredients that are mixed together. Distillation is widely
used in industries that refine oil, desalinate water, create liquor, beer and wine,
and produce many chemical products used in homes and factories.

5. From which material the boiling stone has been made? What
properties the boiling stone should have effective in the
distillation process?

> Boiling chips are typically made of a porous material, such as alumina, silicon
carbide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, porcelain or carbon,  is a tiny,
unevenly shaped piece of substance added to liquids to make them boil more
calmly. Boiling chips are frequently employed in distillation and heating.

6. Where is the thermometer placed ? what is the reason for thise?

.placed in distilling flask, we placed in here to see boiling point both of

substance .