UNGROUPED DATA

Age data of 11 lecturers at UiTM Dungun:

53, 32, 61, 27, 39, 44, 49, 57, 39, 55, 33.

Using the data, find

a) Mean
b) Median
c) Mode (modal value)
d) Variance
e) Standard deviation

SOLUTION

Mean

_
 x 53 + 32 + ...... + 33 489
x= = = = 44.45
n 11 11

Interpretation: On the average, the age of the lecturers is 44.45 years old

Median

Ranked data: 27 32 33 39 39 44 49 53 55 57 61

n + 1 11 + 1
Median position = = = 6th
2 2
x = 44

Interpretation: Half (50%) of the lecturers are less or more than 44 years old.

Mode (Modal value)

39 occur twice. Other data once!

x̂ = 39

Interpretation: Most (majority) of the lecturers are 39 years old.

 x x2
53 2809
32 1024
61 3721
27 729
39 1521
44 1936
49 2401
57 3249
39 1521
55 3025
33 1089
 x = 489  x = 23025
2

Variance

1  (  x) 
2
s =
2
x −
2 
n − 1 n 
 
1  ( 489)2 
= 23025 −
11 − 1  11 
 
= 128.67

Standard deviation

1  (  fx ) 
2
s=  fx −
2  = 128.67 = 11.34
n − 1 n 
 

Interpretation: On the average, the age of the lecturers deviated by 11.34 years from the mean value
(44.45 years).
 GROUPED DATA

No. of book No. of Using the data, find

borrowed students a) Mean
10 – 12 4 b) Median
13 – 15 12 c) Mode (modal value)
16 – 18 20 d) Variance
19 – 21 14 e) Standard deviation
22 – 23 10
 SOLUTION

No. of book No. of Midpoint Class Cumulative

borrowed students (f) (x) boundary frequency
10 – 12 4 11 9.5 – 12.5 4
13 – 15 12 14 12.5 – 15.5 16
16 – 18 20 17 15.5 – 18.5 36
19 – 21 14 20 18.5 – 21.5 50
22 – 23 10 23 21.5 – 23.5 60
 f = 60

Mean

_
 fx 1062
x= = = 17.7
f 60
Interpretation: On the average, the students borrowed 17.7 books.

Median

 f 60
Median position = = = 30th ; therefore, Median class = 16 – 18
2 2
 f 
 2 −  fm−1 
x = Lm +   Cm
 fm 
 
 60 
 2 − 16 
= 15.5 +   (18.5 − 15.5 )
 17 
 
 30 − 16 
= 15.5 +   (3)
 17 
= 17.97
Interpretation: Half (50%) of the students borrowed less or more than 17.97 books

Mode (Modal value)

Highest frequency = 20 ; therefore, Modal class = 16 – 18

 1 
x̂ = Lmo +   Cmo
 1 + 2 
 ( 20 − 12) 
= 15.5 +   (18.5 − 15.5 )
 ( 20 − 12) + ( 20 − 14 ) 
 8 
= 15.5 +   (3)
8+6
= 17.21
Interpretation: Most (majority) of the students borrowed 17.21 books.
 No. of book No. of Midpoint Class Cumulative
fx fx2
borrowed students (f) (x) boundary frequency
10 – 12 4 11 9.5 – 12.5 4 44 484
13 – 15 12 14 12.5 – 15.5 16 168 2352
16 – 18 20 17 15.5 – 18.5 36 340 5780
19 – 21 14 20 18.5 – 21.5 50 280 5600
22 – 23 10 23 21.5 – 23.5 60 230 5290
 f = 60  fx = 1062 2
 fx = 19506

Variance

1  (  fx )2 
s2 =  fx 2
−
n − 1 n 
 
1  (1062)2 
= 19506 −
60 − 1  60 
 
= 12.01

Standard deviation

1  (  fx ) 
2
s=  fx −
2  = 12.01 = 3.47
n − 1 n 
 

Interpretation: On the average, the number of books borrowed by the students deviated by 3.47 books from
the mean value (17.97 books).
Coefficient of Variation, CV

Data 1: Age of the lecturers at UiTM KT Data 2: Age of the lecturers at UiTM Dungun
_ _
x = 44.45 x = 38.75
s = 11.34 s = 8.64

s 11.34 s 8.64
CV =  100 =  100 = 25.51% CV =  100 =  100 = 22.30%
x 44.45 x 38.75

The age of the lectures at UiTM KT is more dispersed compared to UiTM Dungun

OR

The age of the lectures at UiTM Dungun is more consistent compared to UiTM KT