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Madelyn Williams & Mea Radicali

Mrs. Rausch
Chemistry
Period 2
October 24, 2018
Physical Properties of Metals and Nonmetals Lab Report
Purpose: Analyze and compare the trends in three different physical properties of
characteristic metals and nonmetals.

Table 1: Physical Properties of Group 1A elements: Alkali Metals

Element Melting Point Boiling Point
Element Symbol Atomic Number (°C) (°C) Density g/cm-3
Lithium L 3 180.5 1342 0.53
Sodium Na 11 97.5 883 0.97
Potassium K 19 63.2 760 0.86
Rubidium Rb 37 39 696 1.53
Cesium Cs 55 28.4 669 1.9

Table 2: Physical Properties of Group 7A elements: Halogens

Element Melting Point Boiling Point
Element Symbol Atomic Number (°C) (°C) Density g/cm-3
Fluorine F 9 -219.67 -188.11 1.696
Chlorine Cl 17 -101 -34.6 3.21
Bromine Br 35 -7.2 58.8 3.1
Iodine I 53 114 184 4.93
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In the Group 1A elements the trend between the melting point and the atomic number is

that as the elements atomic number increases the melting point rapidly decreases. The Group 1A

elements increasing atomic numbers range from 3 to 55 and the melting point decreases from

180.5​°C ​to 28.4​°C​. When the atomic number is increasing the boiling point (like the melting

point) also decreases. The increasing atomic numbers range from 3 to 55, and the boiling point

decreases from 1342​°C​ to 669​°C​. When the Group 1A elements atomic numbers are increasing

the Density is increasing with it. The atomic number ranges from the Group 1A elements ranges

from 3 to 55, and the increasing density ranges from 0.53 to 1.9. The element from Group 1A

that does not follow the trend is potassium. Potassiums density is smaller than sodium density

even though potassiums atomic number is 19 and sodiums atomic number is 11. Besides

potassium, all the other elements follow the trend.

In the Group 7A elements the trend between the atomic number and the melting point is

that the melting point rapidly increases with the increasing atomic number. The atomic number

ranges from 9 to 53 and the melting point increases from -219.67 to 114. When the atomic

number is increasing the boiling point also increases. The increasing atomic numbers range from

9 to 53 and the boiling point ranges from -188.11 to 184 as its increasing. The trend of density is

that it also increases as the atomic number increases. The density increases from 1.696 to 4.93 as

the atomic number ranges from 9 to 53. Bromine does not follow the trend of density that the

other elements follow. Bromine has a atomic number of 35 which is higher than chlorines atomic

number of 17, but chlorines density is greater than bromines. This does not follow the trend that

the density increases with the atomic number.

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The trends for melting point and boiling point for metals vs. nonmetals are different but

the trends for their density is the same. The Group 1A elements melting point and boiling point

decreases as the atomic number increases, but the Group 7A elements melting point and boiling

point increases as the atomic number increases. The trend for density is the same for both groups

which is that the as the atomic number increases the density increases. Both Group 1A and 7A

also both have an element that’s density does not follow the trend. The densities of nonmetals

vary widely why the metals do not because the densities are at different states of matter at the

temperature at which the densities are measured.