Marc Lloyd Bernadez

BS-PSYCHOLOGY

PHILIPPINE HISTORY
67,000 years ago
 Arrival of the first humans using rafts or boats.
30,000 years ago
 Dark-skinned pygmies called “Aetas" or “Negritoes” were the second group of migrants. They crossed
the land bridged from Malaya, Borneo, and Australia until they reached Palawan, Mindoro and
Mindanao.
2,000 years ago
 Last to migrate to the Philippines were Malays. They were believed to have come from Java, Sumatra,
Borneo, and the Malay Peninsula.
1519
 Five ships and more than 300 men left on the Magellan expedition.
March 16, 1521
 The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan.
April 17, 1521
 Magellan sailed to Mactan and ensuing battle killed Magellan by the natives lead by Lapu-Lapu.
September 6, 1522
 Only one ship (the Victoria) and 18 men returned to Seville, Spain.
November 1, 1542
 Expedition of Rudy Lopez de Villalobos set sail for the Philippines.
February 2, 1543
 Ruy Lopez de Villalobos reached Mindanao following the route taken by Magellan.
1564
 Miguel Lopez de Legazpi's expedition successfully reached the Philippines.
February 13,1565
 Spanish colonization began with the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi's expedition.
April 27,1565
 Legaspi returned to Cebu; destroyed the town of Raja Tupas and establish a settlement.
May 8,1570
 Martin de Goiti arrived in Manila.
1571
 Legaspi ordered the construction of the walled city of Intramuros and proclaimed it as the seat of
government of the colony and the capital of the islands.

1572
 Legaspi died and was buried at the San Agustin Church in Intramuros.
1574
 Manila was bestowed the title "Insigne y Siempre Leal Ciudad de España" (Distinguished and ever loyal
city of Spain) by King Philip II of Spain.
1774
 Archbishop Basilio Santa Justa decided to uphold the diocese’s authority over the parishes and accepted
the resignations of the regular priests.
November 9,1774
 A royal decree was issued which provided for the secularization of all parishes or the transfer of
parochial administration from the regular friars to the secular priests.
1781
 A tobacco monopoly was implemented in the Cagayan Valley, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union,
Isabela, Abra, Nueva Ecija, and Marinduque.
1863
 Monsignor Pedro Pelaez, ecclesiastical governor of the Church, died in an earthquake that destroyed the
Manila Cathedral.
1869
 The Suez Canal, which connected the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, was inaugurated.
1872
 Filipinos are exiled to the Marianas Islands after being implicated in the Cavite Mutiny.
February 17,1872
 Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jocinto Zamora (Gomburza), all Filipino priest, was executed
by the Spanish colonizers on charges of subversion.
1882
 Del Pilar put up the newspaper Diarion Tagalog.
1889
 Marcelo H. del Pilar took over as editor after Graciano Lopez Jaena.
1892
 Jose Rizal returned to the Philippines and proposed the establishment of a civic organization called “La
Liga Filipina.
July 3,1892
 The following were elected as its officers: Ambrosio Salvador, president: Agustin dela Rosa, fiscal;
Bonifacio Arevalo, treasurer; and Deodato Arellano, secretary. Rizal functioned as its adviser.

July 6,1892
 Only three days after La Liga Filipina’s establishment, Jose Rizal was secretly arrested.
July 7,1892
 Bonifacio then founded the “Katastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipuanan ng mga Anak ng Bayan”
(KKK).
November 15,1895
 La Solidaridad's first issue was published.
February 25,1896
 Theodore Roosevelt also directed Dewey to attack Manila Bay and destroy the Spanish fleet, the
moment hostilities between Spain and US break out.
August 19,1896
 Teodoro Patiño, a KKK member, told his sister Honoria about the existence of the Katipunan.
August 23,1896
 Various wings of the Katipunan gathered at the house of Juan Ramos in Pugadlawin.
August 31,1896
 Emilio Aguinaldo overran Kawit, while Alvarez attacked Noveleta.
September 5,1896
 Emilio defeated the Spanish troops under the command of General Aguirre.
October 31,1896
 General Aguinaldo issued a proclamation enjoining the people to take courage and continue fighting for
Philippine independence.
December 13,1896
 Owing to the defeat of the Spaniards in Cavite, Camilo de Polavieja replaced Ramon Blanco as governor
general.
December 30,1896
 Jose Rizal was executed at Bagumbayan (later renamed Luneta Park and now called Rizal Park).

December 31,1896
 An assembly was held in Imus, Cavite to settle the leadership issue but was not successful.
March 22,1897
 Another assembly was held at Tejeros (known as the Tejeros Convention) to elect officers of the
revolutionary government. Aguinaldo won as president while Bonifacio was relegated as the Director of
the Interior. Bonifacio rejected the elections and declared it void. Bonifacio later formed the Naic
Military Agreement, essentially creating a government contending Aguinaldo's.

May 10,1897
  On orders from General Mariano Noriel, Andres Bonifacio was executed at the foothills of Mt. Buntis
by Major Lazaro Makapagal.
July 1897
 Aguinaldo established the Biak-na-Bato Republic and issued a proclamation.
November 1,1897
 A charter based on the Cuban Constitution was also drafted by Felix Ferrer and Isabelo Artacho.
December 23,1897
 Generals Celestino Tejero and Ricardo Monet of the Spanish army arrived in Biak-na-Bato and became
hostages of the rebels.
December 27,1897
 Aguinaldo left for Hong Kong after an agreement with the Spanish forces.
1898
 Spanish rule ended with Spain's defeat in the Spanish–American War.
May 1,1898
 United States Navy lead by Commodore George Dewey crushed the Spanish squadron in Manila Bay
and the Spanish naval base at Sangley Point in Cavite.
June 1898
 America had control of portions of the Philippine islands.
 General Emilio Aguinaldo had captured the whole of Luzon and was ready to storm Manila.
July 18,1898
 Emilio Aguinaldo issued a decree on asking for the election of delegates to the revolutionary congress,
another decree was promulgated five days later, which declared that Aguinaldo would appoint
representatives of congress because holding elections is not practical at that time.
August 13,1898
 Spaniards surrendered Manila.
September 15,1898
 Aguinaldo assembled the Revolutionary Congress at the Brasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan.
September 29,1898
 Malolos Congress ratified the declaration of Philippine independence held at Kawit, Cavite.
December 10,1898
 The Spanish-American War ended with the Treaty of Paris signed. The treaty conferred ownership of
the Spanish colonies of Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines to the United States. In turn, the U.S.
paid Spain US$ 20 million.

January 21,1898
 The first Philippine Republic was inaugurated in Malolos, Bulacan.
January 9-29,1899
 Emilio Aguinaldo agreed to hold a peace conference between Filipino and American leaders.
February 4,1899
 Hostilities exploded between the Filipinos and Americans in San Juan.
February 24,1899
 General Antonio Luna and his men showed great heroism when they attacked Manila.
March 31,1899
 Malolos was taken. By this time, however, Aguinaldo had already moved his headquarters to San
Fernando, Pampanga.
May 5,1899
 The Americans had gained control of Pampanga.
May 28,1899
 Cayetano Arellano was the first Filipino to hold a high position of government he was named Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court.
June 5,1899
 Luna arrived at the headquarters, a convent on the town plaza in Cabanatuan, but was told that
Aguinaldo left for Tarlac. Angry, Luna went out of the convent and was met and killed by Captain Pedro
Janolino with Kawit, Cavite troops. General Luna was buried at the nearby churchyard.
June 12,1899
 Malolos Congress declared war against the United States.
November 13,1899
 General Emilio Aguinaldo fled to Calasiao, Pangasinan with his wife, son, mother sister, and some
Cabinet members.
December 25,1899
 Aguinaldo surrendered them to the American Aguinaldo then continued his march from Pangasinan to
Palanan, Isabela.
March 16,1990
 United States President William McKinley appointed the then Judge William Howard Taft to head the
second Philippine Commission, which would also be known as the Taft Commission. Taft would
become Governor-General of the Philippines and later, the president of the U.S.
June 3,1900
 The Commission arrives in the Philippines.

July 4,1901
 The Philippine civil government was inaugurated with William Howard Taft as its first governor, the
powers and duties of a governor were passed on to Taft.
April 19,1901
 Aguinaldo finally pledged allegiance to the United States.
July 2,1902
 United States Congressman Henry Allen Cooper sponsored the Philippine Bill of 1902, also known as
the Cooper Act. The bill proposed the creation and administration of a civil government in the
Philippines. President Theodore Roosevelt signed it into law.
September 25,1903
 The first to yield to the Americans was by General Simion Ola. He surrendered to Colonel Harry
Bandoltz in Guinobatan Albay.
1907
 The elected Philippine Assembly was set up with popular elections.
August 29,1916
 To further train the Filipinos in the art of government, the U.S. Congress enacted the Jones Law.
December 1933
 Manuel L. Quezon returned to the Philippines from the United States with a slightly amended version of
the Hare-Hawes-Cutting bill authored by Senator Milliard Tydings and representative McDuffie.
March 24,1934
 The Tydings-McDuffie Act (officially the Philippine Independence Act of the United States Congress;
Public Law 73-127) or more popularly known as the The Tydings-McDuffie Law provided for the
establishment of the Commonwealth government for a period of ten years preparatory to the granting of
Independence.