Optimal Power Flow Example 2

Objective:

1. Run regular Load Flow to see typical system design and operational problems.
2. Observe the complexity in solving the problems using the regular Load Flow.
3. See how OPF can solve the problems very effectively.
4. Understand basic requirements to set up and run OPF.

Steps:

1. Load Project OPFExample2

2. Run Load Flow in LF View:

‰ Observe T2 and Cable1 loading and Bus4 voltage.
‰ Record system real and reactive power losses and power grid power factor.
‰ Note that we already enforced automatic LTC adjustment.
‰ To make the system to meet operational requirements, it requires to adjust three control
variables (LTC1, LTC2 and AVR1) to control 7 quantities (Bus1, Bus3, Bus4 voltages
and T1, T2, Cable1 and Cable2 loadings). Not an easy task by using the regular load
flow.

3. Set OPF Study Case:

‰ Objective: Minimize Real Power and Reactive Power Losses.
‰ LTC Control: T1 & T2.
‰ AVR Control: U1 V = 100 % & Gen1 V between [98%, 102%].
‰ Bus Voltage Constraint: Bus3 V and Bus4 V between [98%, 103%].
‰ Branch Flow Constraint: T2 & Cable1 100% constraint.

4. Run OPF:
‰ Observe T2 & Cable1 loading, Bus4 voltage, power factor at the power grid bus.
‰ Record system real and reactive power losses.
‰ Check T1 & T2 LTC settings and Gen1 AVR setting.

5. Compare Load Flow and OPF results.

‰ Reduction in system real power and reactive power losses.
‰ Improvement in power factor at the power grid bus.

MW Losses Mvar Losses Utility PF

Load Flow 0.525 1.858 49.8 %
OPF 0.472 1.207 80.2 %
Reduction/Improvement 10% 35% 61%