Risk Assessment & Job Safety Analysis

SAFETY START WITH YOU.

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Introduction
Job safety analysis : Job Safety Analysis is the
step by step analysis of a job to determine the
safe working procedure, watch the job in each
stage, identify the hazard and provide the control
measures.
Five Basic Steps of JSA
A) Watch the job being done
B) Break the job down into steps
C) Describe the hazards in each step of task
D) Identify the desired control measures and
E) Implement these counter measures in the
job execution
Watch the job being done
• What kind of job there are going to do.
• Select the task to be analyzed.
• Record the steps or stages of the task.
Break the job down into steps
List each job step in order of occurrence
Describe each action
Examine each step for hazards
Conduct a “what if” scenario for each step
Describe the hazards in each step of task

 Impact
 Penetration
 Harmful airborne
contaminants
 Repetitive motions
 Heat
 Compression
 Chemical exposures
 Optical radiation
Identify the desired control measure
 Proper remedial method order:
 Eliminate
 Substitute
 isolate
 Engineering controls
 Administrative controls
 Personal protective
equipment
Implement these counter measures in the job execution

 Implement the safe working method.

 Monitor to ensure it is effective.
 If it is not working review from the top where is
the mistake.
Why Perform Job Hazard Analysis?
o Identify
existing hazards
o Identify
potential hazards
o Prioritize
corrective actions
o Reduce and/or
eliminate hazards
Benefits of Job Hazard Analysis
 Reduces injuries
 Reduces absenteeism
 Increases productivity
 Increases morale
 Protects employees
 Assists in standard-specific compliance (e.g.,
personal protective equipment)
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
JSA
Activity Hazard
Scaffold Erection Bad foundation,
Drainage, material falling,
unknown purpose for
erection of scaffold
Lifting of Scaffold Injury to personnel,
material from height
Dismantling of Falling of scaffold material,
collapsing of scaffold.
Scaffold
Fall of personnel,
Damage to scaffold
material
Erection of Fall of personnel from
height,
suspended
falling of material,
scaffold Slippery surface,
Inexperience scaffolder
Preventive Measure
TBM before work, Inspection of materials before work
Compacted ground before erection, Work area to be barricaded
Material used for work on height should be tie off to prevent from falling
Purpose of erecting scaffold should be known, Kind of work to be done on
scaffold erection, Complete PPE must be worn e.g. hand gloves, safety glass,
safety shoes, hardhat, Body harness
TBM before work regarding handling of materials
Use of gin wheel to hoist material or mechanical equipment
Barricading of lifting area
TBM regarding responsibility during dismantling,
Only experience, trained and authorized person can dismantle scaffold
Material shall be lowered using rope and bucket or by passing manually
Area must be barricaded to keep away all unauthorized persons from the area
TBM before start of the job, 100% tie off, using harness with 2 lanyards,
Secure all materials for all work at height when there is a rain or wet surface,
Experience scaffolders shall be utilized to erect and dismantle suspended
scaffold. Other fall protection equipment shall be utilized e.g. Retractable lanyard,
Lifeline.
Hierarchy of Control
1. Elimination.
2. Substitution.
3. Engineering controls.
4. Administrative controls.
5. Personal protective equipment
(PPE).
Hierarchy of Control
1.Eliminate the Hazard – the very best thing to do if
possible
2.Reduce the Hazard
3.Isolate Hazard from people
4.Control the extent of exposure/contact with the
hazard
5.Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) almost the
last resort
6.Discipline.
Eliminate the Hazard
The most effective control measures eliminate the
hazard and associated risks. This can be achieved
through removing the hazard or selecting alternate
products or equipment to eliminate the risk.

Example: buy pre fabrication metal components,

an assembly workshop could stop welding steel in
order to avoid risk inherent in welding operation.
Substitute the hazard
substitute a substance, method or material to
reduce the risk or the hazard

Example: instead of manual handling they can use

trolley, wheel barrow, wooden pallet.
Isolate the hazard
separate the hazard from the workplace or people,
For example;

Chemical store room, or a laboratory kept locked

except to an

authorized person.
Use engineering controls:
modify existing machinery or plant or
purchase different machinery or plant to provide a
physical solution. For example;
1. Trolleys, hoists or cranes.
2. Guard rails.
Administrative Controls
•Important component to effective hazard control
•Focuses on reducing worker exposure
•Reduce hazards through
 Training
 Planning and scheduling
 Information and training
 Policies and procedures
 Safe work practices
 Environmental and medical surveillance
 Rules
 Work permit system
Personal Protective Equipment
offer the lowest level of protection and should only be
used as a last resort to deal with the hazard, where
the hazard cannot be removed or reduced by any
other means, for example:
1. Handling of chemicals – gloves, safety glasses,
aprons.
2. Protecting eyes from flying particles.
3. Protecting feet – safety boots.
Definition
1. ACCIDENT: an unplanned, unwanted event that leads to injury,
damage or loss
2. INCIDENT: An incident is an event, which represents deviation
from the intended sequence of designed steps. Commonly defined
as an unplanned event, which does not result in Injury or Damage
A “Near Miss” is by definition an Incident.
3. Near miss : an unplanned, unwanted event that had the
potential to lead to injury, damage or loss but did not, in fact, do
so (e.g. a worker narrowly misses being hit by a felled tree that
falls the wrong way).
4. RISK: the likelihood that a hazard will cause harm, in
combination with the severity of injury, damage or loss that might
occur.
5. HAZARD: something with the potential to cause harm.
6. SAFETY: the absence of risk of serious personal injury.
Definition
1. DANGER:Danger is a state or situation, which is a product of a hazard
and it’s associated risk.
2. Dangerous occurrence: a specified event that may have to be
reported to the relevant authority by law.
3. Health: the absence of disease.
4. Welfare: access to basic facilities.
5. Injury: It is defined as a harmful condition sustained by the body as a
result of an accident.
6. safety policy: Any company has a social and legal obligation to
provide a safe and health working environment to all his improvement
to all his employees.
7. RISK MANAGEMENT: Risk Management in its broadest sense represents
the successful control of all threats of harm and loss to an organisation,
group of people or an individual
Definition
Introduction
Risk assessment :A formalized process of
identifying hazards, assessing the risk that
they generate and then either eliminating or
controlling the risk.
Steps of risk assessment
1.Identify the hazards.
2. Identify the people who might be harmed
and how.
3. Evaluate the risk and decide on precautions.
4. Record the significant findings and
implement them.
5. Review and update as necessary
1 Identify the hazards
It is important to firstly identify any potential hazards within a workplace that
may cause harm to anyone that comes into contact with them. They may not
always be obvious so some simple steps you can take to identify hazards are:
• Observation: Walking around your workplace and looking at what
activities, tasks, processes or substances used could harm your
employees (or others)
• Looking back over past accidents and ill- health records as they may
identify less obvious hazards
• Checking manufacturers’ data sheets, instructions, information and
guidance
• Consulting with employees (and others) who are carrying out the
activities, tasks or processes.
It may be useful to group hazards into five categories, namely physical,
chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychological.
2 Identify the people who might be harmed and how.

Next, identify who might be harmed by those potential

hazards. It should also be noted how they could be affected, be
it through direct contact or indirect contact. It is not necessary
to list people by name, rather by identifying groups including:
• Employees
• Contractors
Some hazards may present a higher risk to certain groups
including children, young people, new or expectant mothers,
new employees, home workers, and lone workers.
3 Evaluate the risk and decide on precautions.

After identifying any hazards and who might be affected, it is important to evaluate
the severity the risk may present (should it occur) and establish suitable and elective
controls to reduce this level of risk as far as is ’reasonably practicable’. This means
that everything possible is done to ensure health and safety considering all relevant
factors including:
• Likelihood that harm may occur Severity of harm that may occur
• Knowledge about eliminating, reducing or controlling hazards and risks
• Availability of control measures designed to eliminate, reduce or suitably
control or the risk
• Costs associated with available control measures designed to eliminate,
reduce or suitably control or the risk
Assessing the severity of a risk requires an evaluation of the likelihood of an
occurrence and how substantial the consequences that it may cause. Some factors
affecting this evaluation include the duration and frequency of exposure, number of
persons affected, competence of those exposed, the type of equipment and its
condition, and availability of first-aid provision and/or emergency support.
4 Record the significant findings and implement them.

Implement changes and record your findings

If a workplace has five or more individuals, significant findings of the risk
assessments are required to be kept either electronically or in writing.
Recording your findings on a risk assessment form is an easy way to keep
track of the risks and control measures put in place to reduce the identified
risk. The form includes:
• What hazards were found
• Person(s) or groups affected
• The controls put in place to manage risks and who is monitoring them
• Who carried out the assessment
• On what date the assessment was done.
It is sensible to ensure the risk assessment is proportionate to the activity or
task being carried out and this can often be a straightforward process for
generic tasks.
5 Review and update as necessary
Review your assessment and reassess If necessary
Employers should periodically review the assessment and if
necessary, re-assess any controls in place.
A good guide as to when you may need to review your
processes are:
 After any significant change within the workplace or
process in question
 After an accident or ill-health incident has occurred
 After near-misses have been reported.
OBJECTIVES OF RISK ASSESSMENT
The aim of risk assessment is to ensure that hazards are eliminated, or risks
minimized by the correct application of relevant standards.
The objectives of risk assessment are to prevent:
• Death and personal injury.
• Other types of loss incident.
• Breaches of statute law, which might lead to enforcement action
and/or prosecution.
• The direct and indirect costs that follow on from accidents.

These objectives relate directly to the moral, legal and economic

arguments.
In which situations risk assessment review ?

Significant change to something that the risk assessment relates to:

 Process.
 Substances.
 Equipment.
 Workplace environment.
 Personnel.
 Legal standards.
• There is reason to suspect that the assessment is not valid:
 Accident.
 Near miss.
It is also good practice to review risk assessments on a regular basis. An
annual review of risk assessments is common practice in many
workplaces.
Risk Assessment Matrix
Risk Assessment Matrix
 Risk Assessment - Sample

Risk Risk
Person
Before After
By affected
Activities Hazards Control Precautions Control
whom (to be
S L R S L R informed)
F F F F
Competence Only trained and competent personnel to Foreman
Scaffolder /
Level 3 C C3 utilized for the task. All scaffolds to be 1 B B1
Foreman
certified prior to use
Manual Sufficient personnel, “No Bombing” Foreman
1 C C1 1 B B1 Scaffolders
Handling

Scaffold Fall from Scaffolders working above 1.8m must be Foreman/

3 D D3 3 B B3 Scaffolders
Erection / Height 100% tie off. Hand rails to be fitted Scaffolders
Dismantling Collapse of Check ground condition. Use base plate Foreman
4 B B4 2 B B2 Scaffolders
Scaffold & sole plate. Use proper materials
Falls of Barricade area during erection & Foreman Scaffolders /
3 E E3 1 B B1
Materials Dismantling All
Adverse Check scaffolds after adverse weather Foreman
2 C C2 2 B B2 All
weather condition

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PEME SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK
When developing a safe system of work it is important to
identify the task
that is being carried out. The following factors can also be
considered:

People: Who is the SSW for? What level of competence or

technical ability should they have? Are there vulnerable persons
involved? How many people are working on the task?

Equipment: What plant or equipment will be worked on? What

equipment will be used? What safety equipment will be
required? What are the hazards associated with the job and the
equipment?
SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK

Materials: What materials will be used or handled during

the work? What are the hazards of the materials? How
will waste be disposed of?
Environment: In what type of environment will the work
take place, e.g. space, light and temperature? Might any
of these factors increase risk or need to be controlled?
SREDIM

• Select the task to be analyzed.

• Record the steps or stages of the task.
• Evaluate the risks associated with each step.
• Develop the safe working method.
• Implement the safe working method.
• Monitor to ensure it is effective.
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Badshah
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