Problem 1

What is the velocity of the water in the pipe if the manometer shown reads 10 cm?

Solution

Let us choose two points in the flow as shown.

Point 1 is a stagnation point and here the total pressure is P1 + ρV2/2.

P2 is static pressure at point 2. The manometer reads the difference between the total pressure at point 1
and static pressure at point 2. So, from the manometer, we get,

(P1 + ρV12/2) + γwa - γHgH - γwb = P2

Ö (P1 + ρV12/2) = P2 - γw(a-b) + γHgH (1)

Applying Bernoulli’s Equation between points 1 and 2

P1/γw + V12/2g + h1 = P2/γw + V22/2g + h2

Multiplying both sides with γw

P1 + ρV12/2 + γwh1 = P2 + ρV22/2 + γwh2

=> P1 + ρV12/2 = P2 + ρV22/2 + γw(h2 - h1) (2)

Comparing equation (1) and (2), we get, P2 - γw(a-b) + γHgH = P2 + ρV22/2 + γw(h2 - h1)

Ö - γw(a-b) + γHgH = ρV22/2 + γw(h2 - h1)

Ö ρV22/2 = - γw(a-b) + γHgH - γw(h2 - h1) (3)

Now the relations between the elevations of the points 1 and 2 is (h2 - h1) = b + H –a = H - a + b

Using this relation, we get from Equation (3)

ρV22/2 = - γw(a-b) + γHgH - γw(h2 - h1) = - γw(a-b) + γHgH - γw(H - a + b)

= - γw(a-b) + (γHg - γw)H + γw (a - b)

Ö V22 = 2(γHg - γw)H/ρ => V2 = 4.97 m/s > Ans.

Problem 2

For the floow shown esttimate the preessure p1 and velocity V1 iff V2 = 20 m/s and H = 5 cm
m.

Solution

Let us chooose two poin

nts in the flow
w as shown.

Point 2 is a stagnation point and herre the total preessure is P2 + ρV22/2 and P2 = 0 as it is atmospheric
pressure. P1 is static prressure at poinnt 1. The mannometer readss the differencce between thhe total pressuure at
point 2 annd the static pressure at poiint 1. So, from
m the manom meter, we get,

(P2 + ρV22/2) + γw(a + H) - γHgH - γwa = P1

Ö P1 = ρV22/2 +( γw - γHg)H = 1000*202/22 +(1-13.6)*99800*0.05 = 193.8kPa

1

Applying Bernoulli’s Equation

E betw
ween points 1 and 2

P1/γw + V12/2g + h1 = P2/γw + V22/2gg + h2

Ö V12/2g = V22/2
2g - P1/γw as h1 = h2 and P2 = 0
Ö V1 = V2 - 2P1/ρw = 202 – 2*193800/100
2 2
2 00
Ö V1 = 3.52 m/s > Ans