Earth and Life Science

Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Earth’s Internal Heat
Earth and Life Science - Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 6: Earth’s Internal Heat
First Edition, 2020

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Earth and Life Science
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Earth’s Internal Heat
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Earth and Life Science – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module on Endogenic Processes- Earth’s Internal Heat!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Earth and Life Science – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module on Endogenic Processes- Earth’s Internal Heat!

Some of you are not too familiar with the endogenic processes. There are so
many things that it can mean. There are a lot of people who have associated
endogenic with some of the processes of the earth. Take note that because of
endogenic processes, there are so many things that have formed here on earth. The
endogenic processes that the earth has gone through have made it possible for
different landforms to emerge. Take note that there are so many landscapes that may
not have been formed without proper endogenic processes that have occurred in the
past.

This module was designed to help you understand of the geologic processes
that occur within the Earth. But this time, this module will provide opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

What I Know
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

This is a brief drill or review to help you link

What’s In
the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New
introduced to you in various ways such as a

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 story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

This section provides a brief discussion of the

What is It
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

What’s More
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

This includes questions or blank

What I Have Learned
sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.

This section provides an activity which will

What I Can Do
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your

Assessment
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given

Additional Activities
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

This contains answers to all activities in the

Answer Key
module.

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At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module is written to help the student to understand the endogenic processes

that occur within the Earth. At the end of this module, student is expected to learn

the following competencies:

1. The learners describe where the Earth’s Internal Heat comes from. (S11/12ESIb-

14)

1.1. Identify the sources of the Earth’s Internal Heat

1.2. Appreciate the significance of the Earth’s Internal Heat

1.3. Trace how heat is being redistributed on our planet.

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 What I Know

Since this module will tackle Earth’s Internal Heat, let us see what we already
know about the different processes happening inside our planet Earth. Let’s enjoy
doing this activity!

Instructions: The title of this activity is Fantastic 5. It requires you to fill in

what is ask to the following questions.

5 layers of the Earth (outermost to 4 isotopes as main source of

innermost) radioactive heat
1. _________________________
1. _________________________
2. _________________________
2. _________________________
3. _________________________
3. _________________________
4. _________________________
4. _________________________
5. _________________________

3 mechanism of heat transfer 2 primary sources of the Earth’s

1. _________________________
2. _________________________
3. _________________________
Internal Heat
1. _________________________
2. _________________________

1 hottest layer of the Earth

1. ______________________________

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 Lesson

6 Earth’s Internal Heat

In the previous module, it tackles Exogenic Processes. We understand the

geologic processes that occur on the surface of the Earth such as weathering,
erosion, mass wasting, and sedimentation. The distinction between weathering and
erosion, agents of erosion, it explains to us what mass wasting and deposition is.

As we continue our lesson, this module focusses on the geologic process that
occur inside the Earth. It will help you to understand where the Earth’s Internal Heat
comes from and how magma is being formed. But before that, let’s have a quick recap
about the lesson tackled by the previous module.

What’s In

Complete the flowchart about the Exogenic Process.

EXOGENIC PROCESS

Erosion
1. ____________ 5. ____________ Deposition
(Agents)

•Physical •2. ____________ •Slow Mass

•Chemical •Ground Water Movements
•Biological •3. ____________ •Rapid Mass
•waves and Movements
currents
•4. ____________

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 Notes to the Teacher
This module prepares students to create and visualize body
shapes according to how they are made or presented in a picture.

What’s New

Picture 1
What type of rock does the picture 1 shown?

Correct! This is an Igneous Rock, specifically,

a granite.

➢ How is an igneous rock formed?

➢ If magma is defined as molten rock material,
do you need to melt rocks to form magma?
➢ Is temperature increase solely responsible
for the melting of rocks?
➢ Where and how is magma formed?

Take a quick review of Rock Cycle. Igneous rock is formed through the cooling
and solidification of magma or lava. Keep in mind the difference between magma and
lava! The term magma uses for molten rock that is underground and lava for molten
rock that breaks through the Earth's surface. Also, be reminded with Earth’s
internal structure. Temperature increases with depth. But, shouldn't all the Earth's
interior be molten? Let’s find out about the Earth’s Internal Heat and how does the
magma being formed in this Module.

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 What is It

There are two categories of the internal heat sources of the Earth. These are:

(1) Primordial heat: heat from accretion and bombardment of the Earth
during the early stages of formation. It is comparable when you hit a
hammer on hard surface several times, the metal in the hammer will heat
up (kinetic energy is transformed into heat energy).
(2) Radioactive heat (heat that is generated by a long-term radioactive decay):
sources of this are the four long-lived isotopes which has a large half-life,
namely K40, Th232, U235 and U238. It made a continuing heat source
over geologic time.

Do you have any idea about the Earth’s temperature?

Picture 2

Picture 2 shows the

estimated internal temperature
of the Earth. You can notice
that the temperature increases
with its depth, yet the mantle
and inner core remain solid!

How does the Earth

redistribute its heat? It is thru
simultaneous conduction,
convection, and radiation.

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Redistribution of the Earth’s heat:
a. Simultaneous conduction, convection, and radiation
b. Convection occurs at the mantle, but not between the core and mantle, or
even between the asthenosphere and lithosphere (except at seafloor spreading
zones). The only heat transfer mechanism in these transition zones is through
conduction.
The concept of convection can be explained by comparing it to coffee
preparation
Mechanisms that occur when boiling water:
a. There is a heat source at the bottom of the water.
b. The heat rises to the top from the bottom, causing the surface water
to become hot. It radiates its heat into the air and then cools.
c. The cooler water sinks into the space vacated by the ascending
warmer water. This cooler water starts to warm up, while the water
that rises starts to cool.
d. The process continues, forming a top-to-bottom circulation of water.
Observations after pouring in the coffee (while the water is still
hot):
a. The top portion has a relatively lighter color, compared to the lower
zone. This represents the top of a convection cell.
b. Condensing water vapor marks the top of rising columns of warm
water. The dark line separating them marks the location of sinking
cooler water.
Look at Picture 3.

Picture 3

Heat comes up

Heat goes in

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 What is It

The formation of the Earth 4.5 billion years ago was a very energetic

process. During the Earth’s infancy period, it was a very hot and unstable

place. The processes that helped form the Earth so long ago continue to affect

the Earth today. Recall that the Earth formed in part due to two sources of

heat: primordial and radioactive heat. This heat is trapped inside the Earth

and is one part of the Earth’s Internal Heat supply. That heat surrounded in

the Earth is gradually unconfined to the external part of the Earth. Radioactive

decay occurs as radioactive elements break down over time. Heat transfer is

the movement of thermal energy from a warmer place to a cooler place. The

three mechanisms of heat transfer are conduction, convection, and radiation.

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 What’s More

To further understand the internal heat of the Earth and the concept of
convection where Earth redistribute its heat, let’s do this activity!

ACTIVITY: Chocolate Mantle Convection

OBJECTIVE: To illustrate how heat works in the mantle of the Earth.

Materials needed:

➢ Pan and stove or candle (Caution in handling pan and stove or candle)
➢ Chocolate powder

Instructions:

➢ Put water in the pan. Sprinkle it with chocolate powder until the top is thickly
covered with dry powder.
➢ Slowly put it on the stove or above the candle. Light the or stove or candle.
➢ Let it boil for few minutes. Observe what happens.
➢ Read the rubrics in answering the questions.

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 EXCEEDS MEETS
NEEDS IMPROVEMENT NOT VISIBLE
EXPECTATIONS EXPECTATIONS
7pts 6pts
10pts 8pts

Activity completed on Activity completed on

time; demonstrate time; demonstrate Activity completed on
excellent level of acceptable time; correctly Did not complete
understanding of the understanding of the answered 1 question; the activity and did
topic in presenting the topic in answering the answers are not not answer any of
answers; correctly question; and presented well the questions
answered all questions answered 2 questions
correctly

Questions:
1. How is heat transferred in the activity? Give evidence for your answer.
2. Describe what happens to the powder when the water starts to boil.
Explain why this occurs.

What I Have Learned

Let’s trace how heat is being redistributed on our planet by

matching column A to column B.

Column A Column B

1. Conduction A. The heat transfer takes within the

fluid
2. Convection
B. The heat transfer occurs through
electromagnetic waves without
3. Radiation
involving particles.

C. The heat transfer takes place

between objects by direct contact.

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 What I Can Do

As we about to finish this module, let us first reflect on how Earth’s Internal Heat
affects our lives by completing the Graphic Organizer below. Write the effect of
Earth’s Internal Heat to our lives in the circle below.

______________

Earth’s
______________ Internal ______________

Heat

______________

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Here is the rubrics on how your output will be checked.

EXCEEDS MEETS NEEDS

NOT VISIBLE
EXPECTATIONS EXPECTATIONS IMPROVEMENT
6pts
10pts 8pts 7pts

Activity completed on
Activity completed on
time; demonstrate
time; demonstrate Activity completed on
excellent level of Did not complete
acceptable time; presents 1
understanding of the the activity and did
understanding of the answer that is not
topic in presenting the not answer any of
topic in answering the presented well
answers; presents 4 the questions
question; and presents
answer correctly
3 answer correctly

Assessment

Answer the following questions.

EASY
1. What are the two primary sources of the Earth’s Internal Heat?
Answer:

2. How is the Earth’s Internal Heat redistributed?

Answer:

Criteria 1 2 3 4

Depth of Demonstrate Demonstrates a Demonstrate Demonstrate a

Reflection little or No constrained considerate thorough and
appreciation of perception of understanding aware grasp of
the writing the writing of the writing the writing
undertaking task. Needs mission and venture and
and problem revision concern matter subject
matter. Needs matter.

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 serious
revision.

Development None or very Uses some Uses Uses

of examples, few precise vaguely applicable particular and
evidence examples used developed examples from convincing
to help claims examples to ride to guide examples to
made in essay. resource claims. Make support
claims. relevant thoughts and
connection make
between ideas. insightful
connections.

Language Uses language Uses some Uses language Uses

use/style that is impedes that is stylistically
unsuitable for language with generally fresh sophisticated
the goal little feel of and authentic language that
audience and voice and with a sense of is special and
reason with constrained attention of alluring with a
little or no cognizance of target desirable
recognition of how to fluctuate audience and sense of voice
sentence sentence purpose. Able and focus of
structure. structure. to differ goal market
sentence and purpose
structure. and purpose.
Skilful
sentence
structure.

Grammar/ Demonstrate Demonstrate Demonstrate Demonstrate

Conventions little or no partial manipulate of complete
manipulate of manipulate of grammar and manipulate of
grammar and grammar and conventions grammar and
conventions, conventions with only slight conventions
making with occasional errors when with
comprehension mistakes that using essentially no
difficult do now not sophisticated errors, even
restrict language. with state-of-
comprehension. the-art
language

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 Additional Activities

Draw a schematic of a cross section of the earth, showing the different layers of
the earth. Include and label (when necessary) the following parts of the
illustration:

1. Heat transfer mechanisms and the direction of heat transfer (through

arrows)

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 18
What’s More: (possible answer)
1. Convection is shown by the presence of mounds and cracks in
between the mounds. Radiation is illustrated by the emitted gas
directly above the heat source. Conduction is evidenced by the
submerging chocolate powder along the rims of the pan.
2. The chocolate powder starts to rise, forming a conical shape then
cracks and emits gas. Slowly, the chocolate powder around it
starts to subside and get wet. The heat source is directly beneath
this zone so the hotter water is rising in that area. But since the
chocolate powder traps the water, the hot water starts to move
laterally under the chocolate powder, forming the conical shape,
before it manages to create a crater where the water is released
as gas.
What’s In:
1. Weathering
2. Running water
3. Glaciers
4. Wind
5. Mass movements
What I Know:
1. Crust, upper mantle, inner mantle, outer core, inner core
2. K40, Th232, U235 and U238
3. Convection, conduction, radiation
4. Primordial heat and radioactive heat
5. Core
Answer Key
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Assessment:
Easy
1. Primordial heat and radioactive heat.
Difficult
2. When the mantle convects, heat is transferred through the
mantle by physically moving hot rocks. Mantle convection is
the result of heat transfer from the core to the base of the lower
mantle
What can I do: (possible answers)
1. Earthquake, new land formation, Shaping of Earth’s surface
2. Rock cycle, new resources
3. Volcanic eruption, casualties, natural disaster
What I have Learned:
1. C
2. A
3. B
4.
References
Dela Cruz, A. C. et al. (2016) Earth and Life Science Teaching Guide.
C Commission on Higher Education.

Think & Learn Pvt Ltd. (n.d.). Byju’s The Learning App. BYJU’S. Retrieved July 12,
2020, from https://byjus.com/physics/difference-between-conduction-
convection-and-radiation/

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph