8

Geometry
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Perimeter and Area of
Polygons
WEEKS
6–7
Geometry – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 6: Perimeter and Area of Polygons
First Edition, 2020

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 8

Geometry 8
Quarter 1 – Module 6:

Perimeter and Area of

Polygons
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Geometry 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Perimeter and
Area of Polygons.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from
public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners
meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Geometry 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Perimeter and
Area of Polygons.

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict
skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence,
the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered
to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your
academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the

current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to

you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key
module.

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.
At the end of this module you will also find:

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the defined and undefined terms and angles and angle measure in Geometry. The scope
of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can
be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module will focus on the lesson below:

• Lesson 6 – Perimeter and Area of Polygons

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the formulas for solving the perimeter and area of different types of polygons;
2. solve word problems involving perimeters of specific polygons;
3. solve word problems involving area of specific polygons.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What figure does the following formula relate to: 𝑃 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 + 𝑒, where a, b, c, d,
and e are side measurements?
a. Quadrilateral c. Hexagon
b. Triangle d. Pentagon
2. What figure does the following formula relate to: 𝑃 = 2𝑙 + 2𝑤, where l and w are side
measurements?
a. Rectangle c. Square
b. Parallelogram d. Trapezoid
3. What figure does the following formula relate to: 𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑟, where r is the radius?
a. Circle c. Triangle
b. Square d. Ellipse
4. What figure does the following formula relate to: 𝑃 = 4𝑠, where 𝑠 is the measurement of
the side
a. Parallelogram c. Rectangle
b. Square d. Rhombus
5. If 𝑛 is equal to the number of sides of a polygon, and 𝑠 is the measurement of a side of a regular
polygon, what will be the formula to compute for the perimeter of the regular polygon?
a. 𝑃 = 𝑛(𝑛 × 𝑠) c. 𝑃 = 𝑛 × 𝑠
𝑛
b. 𝑃 = (𝑛 × 𝑠) d. 𝑃 = 𝑠 + (𝑛(𝑛 × 𝑠))
𝑠
6. What figure does the following formula relate to: 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑎𝑏, where a and b are the major
and minor axes of the figure, respectively?
a. Circle c. Parabola
b. Hyperbola d. Ellipse
√𝑠
7. What figure does the following formula relate to: 𝐴 = 𝑏 2 where b is the measurement
4
of the side of the figure?
a. Scalene triangle c. Isosceles triangle
b. Equilateral triangle d. Obtuse triangle
8. In finding the area of a triangle, whose sides have given lengths 𝑎, 𝑏, and c, the given formula is
𝐴 = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐). What is this formula/ theorem called?
a. Pythagorean theorem c. Heron’s formula
b. Archimedes’ formula d. Golden ratio formula
 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
9. On the formula given above, the value of 𝑠 = , what is the value of 𝑠 called?
2
a. Perimeter c. Semi-circle
b. Semi-perimeter d. Semi-triangle
10. What is the area of a semi-circle?
𝜋𝑟 2 𝜋𝑟 2
a. c.
2 6
𝜋𝑟 2 𝜋𝑟 2
b. d.
4 8
ℎ
11. What figure does the following formula relate to: 𝐴 = (𝑏1 + 𝑏2 ) where the two bases are
𝑠
the side measurements of the bases of the figure, and h is the measurement of the height?
a. Square c. Trapezoid
b. Parallelogram d. Rectangle
12. How do you solve for the area of an irregular polygon?
a. Decomposition of shapes c. Ruler and compass
b. Trial and error d. Geogebra
13. What is the formula for finding the area of a circle?
a. 𝐴 = 3𝜋𝑟 2 c. 𝐴 = 4𝜋𝑟 2
b. 𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟 2 d. 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2
3√3
14. What figure does the following formula relate to: 𝐴 = 𝑠 2 where s is the measurement
2
of the side of the regular polygon?
a. Pentagon c. Decagon
b. Enneagon d. Hexagon
15. What figure does the following formula relate to: 𝐴 = 2(1 + √2 )𝑠 2 where s is the
measurement of the side of the regular polygon?
a. Decagon c. Hexagon
b. Octagon d. Heptagon

Lesson
Geometry: Perimeter and
6 Area of Polygons

Have you ever dreamed of having your own house and lot, where you can invite
your family, friends, or close relatives to live with you and thrive together? In order to
do that, you’ll need a fairly big house! In order to find the best house, you must have
knowledge of the boundaries and the space that the house takes. Therefore, learning
how to solve for the perimeter and area of different polygons is a necessary life skill.
For this module, you will revisit the different formulas used for solving for the
perimeter and area of different polygons. Algebraic expressions will be integrated to
determine the side and angle measurements of different two-dimensional figures.
 What’s In

ACTIVITY 1: WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY

In the house of Mr. and Mrs. Dela Cruz, they have pentagonal-shaped windows. They would like to
know the area covered by one of their pentagonal windows. Without using the formula for finding the
area of a pentagon, find the area of the pentagonal-shaped window of Mr. and Mrs. Dela Cruz. The
length of its sides is 40 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 and the height of one of the triangular windows in the pentagon is
35 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠. An illustration of the window is shown below:

Answer the questions below based on the illustration above.

1. Given that the five triangles inside the pentagon have congruent side measurements,
what is the perimeter of one triangle on the pentagonal window?
2. What is the area of one of the triangles on the pentagonal window?
3. What is the total perimeter of the pentagonal window?
4. What is the total area of the pentagonal window?
5. How did you compute for the total area of the pentagonal window without using the
formula for finding the area of a pentagon?

What’s New

A new man-made forest and jungle

ACTIVITY 2: BATHALA FOREST
system will be built by Bathala
Systems, Inc. The green structure will
have three stories of manmade
forests. Answer the following
questions below:
1. What is the perimeter of the
triangle forest given that it is an
equilateral triangle?
2. What is the perimeter and area of
the rectangular forest?
3. What is the area and perimeter of
the hexagonal forest, given that it is
a regular hexagon, with one of the
6 congruent triangles in the
hexagon has a height of 50 𝑓𝑡?
 What is It

Good day, class! For today, you will learn more about perimeter and area of
different types of polygons!

Perimeter and Area of Polygons

Perimeter of polygons can be determined by adding all of the side
measurements of the polygon. The area of a polygon determines the number of square
units that the polygon encloses. Special figures such as squares, rectangles, and circles
have formulas that make it easier to solve the perimeter and area of different polygons.
Most polygons have special properties that make it easier for you to compute their
perimeter and area.

Perimeter of Polygons
Given below are word problems on solving for the perimeter of different types of
polygons. Use your critical thinking skills well when answering these problems!

1. Triangle

Mang Protacio has a square rice field which can be labeled as

square SALT. One of side measurements of the square field is
9 𝑘𝑚. Mang Protacio wants to determine the perimeter of the
triangular fields ALT and SAT so that he may plant two types of
rice seeds on the separated fields. Can you help Mang Protacio?

Solution: Identify one of the properties of a square: All of its sides are congruent. Therefore,
triangles ALT and SAT are isosceles triangles. Using the Pythagorean theorem 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 = 𝒄𝟐 , we can
solve for the diagonal of the square field TA.

Now, that we have solved for the value of diagonal TA, we

𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2
can now find the perimeter of the two isosceles triangles by
92 + 92 = 𝑐 2
adding their measurements: Triangle ALT measures 9𝑘𝑚 +
81 + 81 = 𝑐 2
162 = 𝑐 2 9𝑘𝑚 + 9√2 𝑘𝑚 = 18 + 9√2 𝑘𝑚 𝑜𝑟 30.73 𝑘𝑚. Since triangle
SAT is a triangle with the same dimensions as of triangle ALT,
𝑐 = 9√2 𝑘𝑚
then the perimeter of triangle SAT is the same with triangle
ALT.

Conclusion: Therefore, the perimeter of the triangular fields SAT and ALT is 𝟏𝟖 +
𝟗√𝟐 𝒌𝒎 𝒐𝒓 𝟑𝟎. 𝟕𝟑 𝒌𝒎.

2. Square

Ariana inserted her small memorabilia box in a can. The figure on the left
shows the top-view of the memorabilia box in the can, with the vertices of
the top of the box forming a square and intersecting the circle at four
points. Ariana knows that the radius of the cylinder is 5 inches.

How can Ariana determine the perimeter of the top portion of the square
box inside the can?

Solution: One of the properties of a circle is that its radius is equidistant from its center. Which means
the radius of the circle is equal at all points when it is drawn from the center. Therefore, we can create a
diagonal IA that measures ̅̅̅𝐼𝐴 = 5 𝑖𝑛 + 5 𝑖𝑛 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒔. After forming a diagonal, you will have formed
two isosceles triangles, triangle IAL and triangle IAC. You can determine the side measurement of segment
IL by using the Pythagorean theorem. If one of the sides has been solved, then the others will be equal to
the measurement of the side that was determined. Therefore, we have:
 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 Therefore, the measurement of the sides IL and AL is
𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 102 ; 𝑎 = 𝑏 (𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑠)
5√2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠. And since the segments are parts of a square, all of
𝑎2 + 𝑎2 = 102
2𝑎2 = 100 its sides measure 𝑎 = 5√2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠.
𝑎2 = 50
Conclusion: Therefore, the perimeter of the top portion of
𝑎 = 5√2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
the square box is 5√2 × 4 = 𝟐𝟎√𝟐 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒓 𝟐𝟖. 𝟐𝟖 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔.

3. Rectangle

Ms. Reynaldo’s floor plan for the first story of her villa
is rectangular-shaped, with labels PROM. She plans to
build a large dining hall on the left portion of her villa.
Given that the length and width of rectangle PROM is
(2𝑡 + 4) 𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (7𝑡 + 17) 𝑚, respectively. The
dimensions of the large dining hall, labeled as rectangle
PHRS is (2𝑡 + 4) 𝑚, side HS is parallel to side PR, side
RS is half the measurement of side PR, and a diagonal
RH that measures 25𝑚. Find the perimeter of
rectangles PRMO and PHSR.

Solution
Step 1: Solve for the side measurements of RS and HS using the Pythagorean theorem. Since HS is
parallel to PR, then the measurement of HS is also (2𝑡 + 4)𝑚. The measurement of side RS is half of side
2𝑡+4
PR, which can be solved by dividing side PR to 2 or . Therefore, the measurement of side RS is (𝑡 + 2) 𝑚.
2

We can now solve for the measurement of the side lengths using quadratic equations and the Pythagorean
theorem. We have:

𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2
(2𝑡 + 4)2
+ (𝑡 + 2)2 = 252
2 2
(4𝑡 + 16𝑡 + 16) + (𝑡 + 4𝑡 + 4) = 625
5𝑡 2 + 20𝑡 + 20 = 625
5𝑡 2 + 20𝑡 − 605 = 0
𝑡 = −2 ± 5√5
Since a side measurement cannot be negative, then the value of 𝑡 must be −2 + 5√5 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 or
𝟗. 𝟏𝟖 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔.

Step 2: Substituting the value of 𝒕 to the side measurements, we have:

̅̅̅̅ = (2𝑡 + 4) = (2(−2 + 5√𝟓) + 4) = 10√𝟓 𝑚
𝑃𝑅
̅̅̅̅̅ = (7𝑡 + 17) = (7(−2 + 5√𝟓) + 17) = −31 + 35√𝟓 𝑚
𝑅𝑀
̅̅̅̅ = (𝑡 + 2) = (−2 + 5√𝟓 + 2) = 5√𝟓 𝑚
𝑅𝑆

Step 3: Solving for the perimeter of rectangles PRMO and PHSR:

𝑃 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑅𝑀𝑂 = 2𝑙 + 2𝑤 = 2(𝑃𝑅 ̅̅̅̅ ) + 2(𝑅𝑀
̅̅̅̅̅) = 2(10√𝟓 ) + 2(−31 + 35√𝟓) = −69 + 90√5 𝑜𝑟 𝟏𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟓 𝒎
𝑃 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝐻𝑆𝑅 = 2𝑙 + 2𝑤 = 2(𝑃𝑅 ̅̅̅̅ ) + 2(𝑅𝑆
̅̅̅̅) = 2(10√𝟓 ) + 2(5√𝟓 ) = 30√5 𝑜𝑟 𝟔𝟕. 𝟎𝟖 𝒎

Conclusion: Therefore, the perimeters of rectangles PRMO and PHSR are 𝟏𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟓 𝒎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟔𝟕. 𝟎𝟖 𝒎,
respectively.

4. Circumference (Circle)

Selma wants to determine the circumference of her

coaster (a pad where a cup or glass is put) which is
circular in shape. The coaster fits perfectly in a square
box. The square has a side measurement of (𝟐𝒔 −
𝟐) 𝒄𝒎. The value of 𝑠 is equal to the circumference of
the coaster. Find the circumference of the coaster, or
circle 𝑌 and the perimeter of square ROSE.
Solution
Step 1: Solve for the radius of the circle. Since the side measurement of the square that inscribes the
circle is (2𝑠 − 2) 𝑐𝑚, the diameter of the circle also measures (2𝑠 − 2) 𝑐𝑚. Therefore, its radius
measures (𝑠 − 1) 𝑐𝑚.

Step 2: Solve for the circumference. Since the value of the circumference of the coaster is equal to 𝑠, and
the circumference of the circle is given by the formula 𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑟, therefore, we can say that 𝑠 = 𝐶 =
2𝜋𝑟. And since the value of the radius (𝑟) is (𝑠 − 1) 𝑐𝑚, we can solve for the value of 𝑠. Therefore, we have:
𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑟
𝑠 = 2𝜋(𝑠 − 1)
𝑠 = 2𝜋𝑠 − 2𝜋
2𝜋𝑠 − 𝑠 = 2𝜋
𝑠(2𝜋 − 1) = 2𝜋
2𝜋
𝑠 = 2𝜋−1 𝑜𝑟 1.19 𝑐𝑚

Step 3: Analysis. Since s is the circumference of the coaster, therefore, circle Y has a circumference of 1.19 cm. To
get the perimeter of the square, substitute the value of s to (2𝑠 − 2)𝑐𝑚, and you will get 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖 𝒄𝒎. Multiply the said
value to 4 sides, then you will get 𝟏. 𝟓𝟏 𝒄𝒎 as the perimeter of square ROSE.

Conclusion: Therefore, the circumference of circle Y or the coaster is 1.19 𝑐𝑚, and the perimeter of
square ROSE is 1.51 𝑐𝑚.

5. Regular polygon (𝑷 = 𝒏 × 𝒔)

The formula for finding the perimeter of any regular

polygon is 𝑷 = 𝒏 × 𝒔, where P is the perimeter of the
regular polygon, n is the number of sides, and s is the
measurement of one side of the regular polygon.

Antonio has a pentagon-shaped treehouse that he made

himself, shaped like a regular pentagon, with a side
measurement of (4𝑝 − 9) 𝑚. Find measurement of one its
sides if the perimeter of the said pentagon is 215 𝑚.

Solution
Since the perimeter of the regular polygon has already
been given, then, the formula for finding the value of 𝑝 can be found using the formula for finding the
perimeter of a regular polygon. Since a pentagon has 𝑛 = 5 number of sides, then we have:

𝑃=𝑛×𝑠
215 = 5(4𝑝 − 9)
215 = 20𝑝 − 45
215 + 45 = 20𝑝
260 = 20𝑝
𝒑 = 𝟏𝟑
̅̅̅̅ = 4𝑝 − 9 = 4(13) − 9 = 𝟒𝟑 𝒎.
Substituting the value of 𝒑 to the measurement of side NT, we have: 𝑁𝑇

Conclusion: Therefore, the measurement of one the sides of the regular pentagon is 𝟒𝟑 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔.

6. Irregular polygon
Mr. Dela Cruz wants to determine the perimeter of a cross-
section of the stairs on the Malacañang Palace. The side
measurements of the cross-section of the stairs are found
on the image of the left, with the figure labeled SWOT being
a rectangle. Determine the perimeter of the said stair cross-
section.

Solution
Step 1: Since the stair shown on the left is an irregular
polygon, or an irregular dodecagon, we can solve the
perimeter of the given figure by looking closely and
examining the figure.
Solution (Irregular polygon, cont.)

If you look closely at the figure, the figure SWOT is a rectangle, and its parallel sides (𝑤 − 1) 𝑚 and 35 𝑚
are given. Since one of the properties of a rectangle is that the measurement of the opposite sides is
congruent, therefore, we can equate the two values. We have:
̅̅̅̅ = 𝑊𝑇
𝑂𝑆 ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑤 − 1 = 35
𝑤 = 36
Step 2: After solving for the value of w, we can substitute its value to get the measurement of sides TF.
Therefore, we have:
̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝐹 = 3𝑤 + 32 = 3(36) + 32 = 140 𝑚

Step 3: Solve for the measurement of congruent sides. Since the measurement of side OS is equal to
̅̅̅̅ = (𝑤 − 1) = (36 − 1) = 35 𝑚. Furthermore, since side
(𝑤 − 1) 𝑚, therefore its numerical value is 𝑂𝑆
OS is congruent to the measurement of sides SR, RM, MX, XN, NG, GH, HV, VD, and DF, therefore the
measurement of the 9 aforementioned sides is also 35 𝑚.

Step 4: Analyze. Since the measurement of side TF is equal to 140 𝑚 and side WT is 35 𝑚, therefore, the
̅̅̅̅̅ = 𝑊𝑇
measurement of side WF is equal to 𝑊𝐹 ̅̅̅̅̅ + 𝑇𝐹
̅̅̅̅ = 35 + 140 = 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎.

Step 5: Further analyze. Since the measurement of sides SR, MX, NG, HV, and DF measure 35 𝑚, and the
measurement of side OW is equal to the sum of the measurement of the abovementioned sides, then we
have:
̅̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑊 = ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝑅 + ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑋 + ̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝐺 + ̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝑉 + ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐹
̅̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑊 = 35 + 35 + 35 + 35 + 35 = 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎

Step 6: Solve for the perimeter of the cross-section of the stair. Since the perimeter of the cross section
of the stair is equal to the sum of all of the twelve (12) side measurements of the irregular dodecagon, we
have OW, OS, SR, RM, MX, XN, NG, GH, HV, VD, DF, WF
𝑃 = ̅𝑂𝑊
̅̅̅̅ + ̅𝑊𝐹
̅̅̅̅ + ̅𝑂𝑆
̅̅̅ + ̅𝑆𝑅
̅̅̅ + ̅𝑅𝑀
̅̅̅̅ + ̅𝑀𝑋
̅̅̅̅ + ̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑁 + ̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝐺 + ̅̅̅̅
𝐺𝐻 + ̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝑉 + ̅𝑉𝐷
̅̅̅ + ̅𝐷𝐹
̅̅̅
𝑃 = 175 + 175 + (35 × 10)
𝑃 = 700 𝑚

Conclusion: Therefore, the perimeter of the cross-section of the stairs is 𝟕𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔.

Teacher JM, those are a lot of formulas to memorize just for solving the
perimeter of different types of polygons!

Area of Polygons

Area of different types of polygons, and circles, can be determined using special
formulas and manipulating the formulas based on what is being asked from the
problem. You can even derive formulas for finding the area of different shaded regions
or polygons based on the figure itself!

1. Regular Polygon

Prof. Esmeralda wants to build a large honeybee farm in the

shape of a large regular hexagon. If one of the sides of the regular
hexagon measures 12 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠, find the area of the hexagonal
honeybee farm.

Solution
Step 1: Identify the parts of a regular polygon.

The formula for finding the area of any regular polygon is:

𝟏
𝑨= 𝒂𝑷
𝟐

𝒂 = 𝒂𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒎, 𝑷 = 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 (𝒏 × 𝒔)
Step 2: Find the value of the apothem

Apothem – a line segment drawn from the center of any regular polygon that
is perpendicular to the midpoint of one of the sides of the regular polygon. It
also divides the side of a regular polygon into two congruent segments.

The apothem on the figure given on the left is labeled as 𝑎. The apothem
also acts as an angle bisector.

The measurement of the sum of the central angle of the regular

hexagon, or any regular polygon, is 360°. Since a hexagon has six sides,
360
the central angle of any triangle found on the hexagon is equal to =
6
60°. Since the apothem acts as an angle bisector to angle 𝑁𝑅𝐺. where
angle NRG measures 60°, therefore, the measurements of angles NPR
and RPG is 30°.

Since the measurement of segment EX is 12 𝑚, and it is the same as with

all of the other sides on the hexagon, the measurement of NG is also 12 𝑚, and when divided into half by
the apothem, PG measures 6 𝑚.

When the right triangle RPG is zoomed, the figure with its labels
can be seen on the left.

To solve for the value of 𝒂 or the apothem of the regular

polygon, we must use a trigonometric relationship. TOA –
meaning, the tangent of a given angle is equal to the opposite
side and adjacent side of any right triangle. We will learn more
about this formula on our topic about special right triangles.
For now, by substituting the values that we have to solve for the
adjacent side or the apothem (𝑎), we have:

After having solved for the value of the apothem, which is 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
tan 𝜃 =
equal to 6√𝟑, we can the solve for the area of the regular 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
hexagon-shaped honeybee farm Prof. Esmeralda created. 6
tan 30 =
𝑎
Solve for the perimeter of the regular hexagon first. Since 𝑛 = 𝑎 tan 30 = 6
6
6, and 𝑠 = 12, therefore, we have: 𝑃 = 𝑛 × 𝑠 = 6 × 12 = 𝑎=
tan 30
72 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠. 𝑎 = 6√3
Lastly, we can solve for the value of the area of the regular
hexagon by substituting our given and solved values on our equation:
1
𝐴 = 𝑎𝑃
2
1
𝐴 = (6√3)(72)
2
𝐴 = 374.12 𝑚2

Conclusion: Therefore, the area of the regular hexagon honeybee farm of Prof. Esmeralda is 𝟑𝟕𝟒. 𝟏𝟐 𝒎𝟐 .

2. Triangle

Althea wants to build a triangular flower garden on their yard.

The dimensions of the triangular flower garden, labeled
triangle POE, are given on the figure on the left. Triangle POE is
divided into two right triangles, triangles POL and LOE. Side OL
is the altitude of triangle POE, and is the perpendicular bisector
of side PE. Find the area of the triangle POE.

Solution
Step 1: Solve for the measurement of altitude using the
Pythagorean theorem:
(Solution, area of a triangle, cont.)
The measurement of side PE is equal to 16 𝑚. When it was bisected by the perpendicular bisector, it
formed two congruent segments, sides PL and LE which both measure 8 𝑚. Using the Pythagorean
theorem, we can solve for the measurement of side OL. We have:

𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2
𝑎2 + 72 = 82
𝑎2 + 49 = 64
𝑎2 = 15
𝑎 = √15
Step 2: After solving for the altitude of the triangle, solve for the area of triangle POE.

𝑏ℎ With the base of the triangle being 16 𝑚, and the height being
𝐴=
2 √15 𝑚, we have solved for the value of the area of the triangle.
(16)(√15)
𝐴=
2 Conclusion: The area of the triangular flower garden of
𝐴 = 8√15 𝑚2 Althea is 𝟖√𝟏𝟓𝒎𝟐 or 𝟑𝟎. 𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝟐 .

• Equilateral Triangle

Reyna is constructing a cross-section of a roof that is shaped

as an equilateral triangle. The measurement of one side of
the cross-section is (𝑝 + 7) 𝑚. The measure of the altitude of
the triangle is 24 𝑚. Find the area of the cross-section of the
equilateral triangle roof.

Solution
Step 1: You can use the formula for finding the area of an
equilateral triangle:
√3 2
𝐴= 𝑠
4
Wherein, 𝑠 is the measurement of one of the sides of an equilateral triangle. You can solve for the
measurement of the height of an equilateral triangle using a special formula:
√3
ℎ= 𝑠
2
Wherein, 𝑠 is the measurement of one of the sides of an equilateral triangle. Since the value of ℎ is already
given, we can solve for the value of 𝑠.

√3 This suggests that the measurement of side FY is equal to

24 = (𝑠)
2 16√3 𝑚. And since side FY is equal to (𝑝 + 7) 𝑚, and FY is a
2
𝑠 = 24 ( ) side of the triangle, therefore, 𝑠 = (𝑝 + 7). Therefore, 16√3 =
√3 𝑝 + 7, hence, 𝑝 = 16√3 − 7. After having solved for the value
𝑠 = 16√3 𝑚 of 𝑝, we can then substitute the value of 𝑠 to solve for the area
of the equilateral triangle. Therefore, we have:

√3 2
Conclusion: The area of the cross-section of the roof, 𝐴= 𝑠
4
shaped like an equilateral triangle, is 𝟑𝟑𝟐. 𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝟐 √3 2
𝐴= (16√3)
4
𝑨 = 𝟑𝟑𝟐. 𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝟐
3. Square, Rectangle, and Parallelogram

Ms. Plaridel wants to build a rectangular botanical

garden with a parallelogram-shaped rose garden
adjacent to it. Ms. Plaridel would also like to divide
the rectangular botanical garden into two squares,
one for hydroponic-based plants, and the other for
experimental crops.

One of the square-shaped gardens in the rectangular

garden has a diagonal of 10√2𝑚, and the
measurement of the width of the entire rectangular
garden measures (12𝑥 + 4)𝑚, wherein 𝑥 is also the
measurement of the height of the area of the rose
garden.
(Square, Rectangle, and Parallelogram,
cont.)

Find the areas of squares ADQX and DELQ,

rectangle AELX, and parallelogram DCME, and
the area of the irregular heptagon ADCMELX.

Solution
Step 1: Solve for the measurement of side AX.
Given that the measurement of side XL is
(12𝑥 + 4) 𝑚, and given that the said side is
made of two congruent segments XQ and QL,
then, we must simply divide the measurement of
side XL to two, therefore, we have: ̅̅̅̅ 𝑋𝑄 =
12𝑥+4
= (6𝑥 + 2) 𝑚. And since ADQX is a square,
2
then side AX must also be equal to (6𝑥 + 2) 𝑚.

We can now solve for the measurement of side AX by using the Pythagorean theorem, and by using the
properties of an isosceles triangle, since triangle AXQ is one.

𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 Step 2: Since the value of 𝑥 cannot be

2 4
(6𝑥 + 2)2 + (6𝑥 + 2)2= (10√2) negative, the value must be 𝑥 = . Therefore,
3
2
2(36𝑥 + 24𝑥 + 4) = 200 we can substitute the value of 𝑥 to the value
72𝑥 2 + 48𝑥 + 8 = 200 of side XL, therefore:
72𝑥 2 + 48𝑥 − 192 = 0
3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8 = 0 4
4 ̅̅̅̅ = (12 ( ) + 4) = 20 𝑚
𝑋𝐿
𝑥 = 𝑜𝑟 − 2 3
3 ̅̅̅̅ & 𝑄𝐿
𝑋𝑄 ̅̅̅̅ = 10 𝑚

Step 3: Solve for the area of squares ADQX and DELQ, 𝐴 = 𝑠2 , 𝐴 = (10)2 = 100 𝑚&2 . Therefore, the area
of squares ADQX and DELQ is 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝟐

Step 4: For rectangle AELX, since ADQX is a square, then the measurement of side AX is congruent to the
measurement of side XQ, which is 10 𝑚, and with side XL measuring 20 𝑚, the measurement of rectangle
AELX is 𝐴 = 𝑙 × 𝑤 = 10 × 20 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝟐 .

Step 5: For parallelogram DCME, we must determine the measurements of the base and the height. The
4
base is parallel and congruent to side QL, which measures 10 𝑚. The height is the value of 𝑥, which is 𝑚.
3
4 𝟒𝟎 𝟏
Therefore, the area of the parallelogram rose garden is 𝐴 = 𝑏 × ℎ = 10 × = 𝒎𝟐 𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝟑 𝒎𝟐 .
3 𝟑 𝟑

Step 6: For the area of the irregular heptagon ADCMELX, add the area of the rectangle and the
1 𝟏
parallelogram. We get: 𝐴 = 𝐴 (𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒) + 𝐴 (𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚) = 200 + 13 = 𝟐𝟏𝟑 𝒎𝟐 .
3 𝟑

Conclusion: The area of squares ADQX and DELQ is 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝟐 , the area of rectangle AELX is 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝟐 , and
𝟏
the area of the irregular heptagon ADCMELX is 𝟐𝟏𝟑 𝒎𝟐 .
𝟑

4.Circle

Rex wants to create a cylindrical-shaped tower. Inside the

tower is a floor pattern in a shape of a large square, with a
diagonal passing through the cross section of the circle and
which measures 54 meters long. Find the circumference of the
cross section of the cylindrical tower.

Solution
Step 1: Solve for the value of the radius of the circle. Since
it was given that the diagonal of square BRIM passes through
the center of the circle, then the radius of the circle must be
54
𝑜𝑟 27 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠. After finding the measurement of the radius,
2
we can now solve for the value of the area of the cross section
of the cylindrical-shaped tower. We have: 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 = 𝜋(27)2 = 729𝜋 𝑜𝑟 2,290.22 𝑚2 .

Conclusion: The area of the cross-section of the cylindrical tower is 𝟕𝟐𝟗𝝅 𝒎𝟐 𝒐𝒓 𝟐, 𝟐𝟗𝟎. 𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝟐 .
 5. Ellipse
Mr. Abuyuan wants to determine the area of the
elliptical-shaped technological hub that he wants to
develop for future programmers. The modest
building is shaped like a flattened-Saturn, with the
rings of the planet shaped like an ellipse, and the
planet itself as a circle. The major axis measures 𝑎 =
(𝑥 + 3) 𝑚, and the minor axis measures 𝑏 = (𝑥) 𝑚.
The radius of the circle is 25 𝑚. Find the area of the
circle and the ellipse.

Solution
Step 1: Solve for the value of 𝑥. Since we know that
the measurement of the radius is 25 𝑚, then, we can
solve for the value of 𝑥, by adding the measurement of the minor axis 𝑥, and a portion of the radius of the
circle represented by segment VC, which would give you an equation of:

𝑥 Step 2: After having solved for the value of 𝑥, we can

𝑥+ =𝑟 substitute it to the value of sides VC, CE and ET. Therefore, we
4
𝑥 have: ̅̅̅̅
𝑥 20
𝑉𝐶 = = = 5𝑚, 𝐶𝐸 ̅̅̅̅ = 20 𝑚, and 𝐸𝑇
̅̅̅̅ = 𝑥 + 3 = 20 +
𝑥 + = 25 4 4
4 3 = 23𝑚.
5𝑥
= 25
4
5𝑥 = 100 Step 3: Solve for the area of the elliptical-shaped
𝒙 = 𝟐𝟎 technological hub by using the formula:
𝑨 = 𝝅𝒂𝒃
Wherein 𝑎 is the major axis and 𝑏 is the minor axis. Therefore,
the value of the area of the ellipse is 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑎𝑏 = 𝜋(23)(20) = 𝟒𝟔𝟎𝝅 𝒐𝒓 𝟏, 𝟒𝟒𝟓. 𝟏𝟑 𝒎𝟐 .

Step 4: Solve for the area of the circle using the formula: 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 = 𝜋(25)2 = 𝟔𝟐𝟓𝝅 𝒐𝒓 𝟏, 𝟗𝟔𝟑. 𝟓 𝒎𝟐 .

Conclusion: The area of the circular-shaped part of the technological hub is 𝟔𝟐𝟓𝝅 𝒐𝒓 𝟏, 𝟗𝟔𝟑. 𝟓 𝒎𝟐 , and
the area of the elliptical-shaped technological hub is 𝟒𝟔𝟎𝝅 𝒐𝒓 𝟏, 𝟒𝟒𝟓. 𝟏𝟑 𝒎𝟐 .

6. Rhombus, Kite, Trapezoid, and Irregular polygon

Remy wants to build a futuristic laboratory from the inside of her house, using an irregular-shaped
enneagon labeled as SINCERLYO. The laboratory is divided into three parts. The kite-shaped entrance has
the diagonals labeled and measurements given on the figure. The rhombus-shaped main experimental
room has its dimensions as well on the figure, and lastly, the trapezoid-shaped storage room has their
measurements laid out as well. Given that the perimeter of kite INOS is 𝟗𝟔 𝒎, and the measurement
of diagonals IO and SN are congruent to the measurements twice the sides IN and SN, respectively.
Find the area of the irregular enneagon SINCERLYO.

Solution
Step 1: Focus on the kite. To solve for the value of 𝑥 we need to solve for the perimeter of the kite, we
need to use the value of the perimeter and equate it to the values of the opposite sides IN and SO. We have:
(Rhombus, Kite, Trapezoid, and Irregular polygon, solution, cont.)

After solving for the value of 𝑥, solve for the value of the
2(𝑥 + 5) + 2(𝑥 + 7) = 96 sides IN and SO.
(2𝑥 + 10) + (2𝑥 + 14) = 96 ̅̅̅̅ = 𝑥 + 5 = 18 + 5 = 23 𝑚
𝐼𝑁
4𝑥 = 96 − 10 − 14 ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝑂 = 𝑥 + 7 = 18 + 7 = 25 𝑚
4𝑥 = 72
After solving for the sides of the kite, it was given that the
𝑥 = 18
diagonals of the same kite measure twice of the sides.
Therefore, diagonals IO and NS measure 𝑰𝑶 ̅̅̅̅ = 𝟐𝟑(𝟐) =
̅̅̅̅
𝟒𝟔 𝒎; 𝑵𝑺 = 𝟐𝟓(𝟐) = 𝟓𝟎 𝒎. After solving for the measurement of the diagonals, we can now solve for the
area of the kite.

Step 2: Area of the kite. The formula for finding the area of a kite is by finding half of the product of the
𝑝𝑞
measurements of the diagonals, or through mathematical notation: 𝐴 = , where p and q are the
2
46×50
measurements of the diagonals. Therefore, the area of the kite is 𝐴 = = 𝟏, 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝟐 .
2

Step 3: Area of the rhombus. There are two formulas for finding the area of a rhombus, one is finding the
𝑑 ×𝑑
measurement of the diagonals 𝐴 = 1 2 ; or finding the measurement of the base and the height 𝐴 =
2
𝑏 × ℎ. We will use the second formula. To get the value of the base ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑶𝒀, we must substitute the value of 𝑥
for the give side measurement of ̅̅̅̅
𝑶𝒀 = 17𝑥 − 14 = 17(18) − 14 = 𝟐𝟗𝟐𝒎. To find the measurement of the
height, substitute the value of 𝑥 to the measurement of the height of the rhombus ℎ𝑟 = 𝑥 + 6 = 18 + 6 =
24 𝑚. Therefore, we can solve for the area of the rhombus: 𝑨 = 𝒃 × 𝒉 = 𝟐𝟗𝟐 × 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟕, 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝒎𝟐 .

𝑏 +𝑏
Step 4: Area of the trapezoid. The formula for finding the area of a trapezoid is 𝐴 = 1 2 (ℎ). On the
2
figure, side ER and side CL are the 𝑏1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏2 of the trapezoid, respectively. To find their values, we must
substitute the value of 𝑥 to their measurements. Hence, ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑅 = 10𝑥 + 4 = 10(18) + 4 = 184 𝑚, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝐿 ̅̅̅̅ =
̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑌 = 292 𝑚. To find the value of the height of the trapezoid ℎ1 = 𝑥 = 18𝑚. Lastly, we can solve for the
𝑏 +𝑏 184+292
area of the trapezoid, given: 𝐴 = 1 2 (ℎ) = (18) = 238 × 18 = 𝟒, 𝟐𝟖𝟒𝒎𝟐 .
2 2

Step 5: Area of the irregular enneagon. To get the total area of the irregular enneagon, we can add the
area of the kite, rhombus, and trapezoid that we have just solved. Then: 𝐴 = 𝐴 (𝑘𝑖𝑡𝑒) + 𝐴 (𝑟ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑢𝑠) +
𝐴(𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑧𝑜𝑖𝑑) = 1.150 + 7,008 + 4,284 = 𝟏𝟐, 𝟒𝟒𝟐 𝒎𝟐 .

Conclusion: The area of the kite-shaped entrance hall of the laboratory is 𝟏, 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝟐 ; the area of the
main experimental lab rhombus-shaped room is 𝟕, 𝟎𝟎𝟖 𝒎𝟐 ; and the area of the storage room shaped
like a trapezoid is 𝟒, 𝟐𝟖𝟒 𝒎𝟐 . The area of the irregular enneagon laboratory facility is 𝟏𝟐, 𝟒𝟒𝟐 𝒎𝟐 .

Those are a lot of formulas to remember! But always remember

the pattern on finding the areas of the formula.

What’s More

Direction: Answer the items below. Write the answer in your notebook.
A. Identification. Identify what is being asked below.
1. Adding all of the measurements of the sides of the polygon will result to this value.
2. Finding the space that a polygon takes will result to this value.
3. What is the formula for finding the area of an ellipse? Label its parts.
4. What is the formula for finding the area of a trapezoid? Label its parts.
5. What are the two formulas for computing the area of a kite? Label the parts of the two formulas.
6. What is the formula for finding the area of a regular polygon? Label its parts.
7. How can you solve for the apothem of a regular polygon?
8. What is the general formula for finding the perimeter of any polygon?
B. Problem Solving. Solve for the perimeter, area, or the values of different variables in
the problems given below. Show your solution (take a picture of your solution on
your paper, or write the equations on MS Word), box or underline your f inal
answer/s (with units). Good luck!

1. Given an irregular decagon, find the value of 𝑥 given that the first five sides measure (𝑥 + 21) 𝑚, and
5𝜋
the last five sides measuring (3𝑥 − 52) 𝑚, with the perimeter of the figure equal to 963 𝑚.
7
2. Given an isosceles trapezoid SULK, find the area and perimeter of the trapezoid, find the value of
43 2
the base angles ∠𝑆 and ∠𝐾 given that the measurement of angle S is (3𝑠 + ) 𝑚 and (3𝑠 − 19)2 ,
2
and the measurement of the height and lengths of the two bases are 𝑠, 2𝑠, and 3𝑠, respectively.
3. Given an elliptical-shaped ring enveloping the Death Star, find its area, when the ellipse that has a
14 2
major axis of (3𝑒 − ) & a minor axis of (𝜙𝑒 + 𝜋)2 , where 𝜙 is the golden ratio, and 𝑒 = 2.
𝜋
4. Given a rhombus CALM, find the perimeter and area, given that the opposite angles C and A have
measurement of (3𝑞 + 5)° and (5𝑟 = 𝑞 − 3)°, respectively, and the measurement of side CA measure
15𝑞 − 8, and the perimeter of the rhombus is 92 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠.
5. Given a regular pentagon GOVNT, find the perimeter and area given that one of its sides measures
15 13
( 𝑥 − ) 𝑚, and one of its angles is equal to (4𝑥 − 3𝜋)°.
7 3
6. Given a regular octagon AVTRLSBD, find the perimeter and area given that one of its sides measures
(9𝑐 − 12) 𝑘𝑚, and one of its angles is equal to (7𝜋𝑐 − 1)°.
7. Given an equilateral triangle, find the value of 𝑡 and area of the figure given its side measures
156 2
(19𝜙𝑡 + 10) 𝑚, and the perimeter is equal to ( × 102 ) 𝑚.
47

What I Have Learned

Area The area of a polygon determines the number of square units that
the polygon encloses. Special figures such as squares, rectangles,
and circles have formulas that make it easier to solve the
perimeter and area of different polygons.
Perimeter Perimeter of polygons can be determined by adding all of the
side measurements of the polygon.
Area of a regular The formula for finding the area of any regular polygon is:
polygon 𝟏
𝑨 = 𝒂𝑷
𝟐
𝒂 = 𝒂𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒎, 𝑷 = 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 (𝒏 × 𝒔)
Apothem Apothem – a line segment drawn from the center of any regular polygon that
is perpendicular to the midpoint of one of the sides of the regular polygon. It
also divides the side of a regular polygon into two congruent segments.
Area of an formula for finding the area of an equilateral triangle:
equilateral √3 2
triangle 𝐴= 𝑠
4
Wherein, 𝑠 is the measurement of one of the sides of an equilateral triangle.
You can solve for the measurement of the height of an equilateral triangle
using a special formula:
√3
ℎ= 𝑠
2
Wherein, 𝑠 is the measurement of one of the sides of an equilateral triangle.
Area of an Divide the irregular polygon into different recognizable polygons with a
irregular polygon given area for a formula, solve for the value
Inscribed It is a polygon in which all vertices lie on a circle. The polygon is inscribed
polygon in the circle and the circle is circumscribed about the polygon. (It is a
polygon in a circle)
Circumscribed A polygon drawn inside of a circle, where the points of the polygon are
polygon tangent to the circle.
Altitude Refers to the measurement of the height of a given triangle.
 What I Can Do

A. Two-Column Proof—Hard Geometry Problem:

Construct a two-column proof by copying your Statements
from the YouTube learning video about a Hard Geometry
problem (figure given on the right) in finding the area of
sections 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐.

𝜋 √3
Prove: 𝑎 = 202 (1 − − )
6 4
𝜋 √3
𝑏 = 202 ( −1+ )
12 2
𝜋
𝑐 = 202 (1 + − √3)
3

By watching the video (given the link below), you will copy the formulas that will serve as
the “statements” of your two-column proof. You will then have to find/ identify the “Proofs” column
per step of the solution. For example:

Two-Column Proof for Finding the Area of Sections 𝒂, 𝒃, and 𝒄

Statements Proofs
1. Suppose that the given figure above has a side 1. Definition of the area of a square
with a length of 𝑟. Therefore, the area of the
square is 𝒓𝟐 .
2. … 2. ….
3. … 3. …

Again, on your two-column proof, the statements will be found/ can be copied on
the math learning video (link below). It is up to you to provide/ identify the proof that
led to the statements that were given on the video. Your two -column proof must lead
to the values of the three variables mentioned above.
Write your two-column proof neatly, concisely, and comprehensibly. Good luck!
Mathematics Learning Video:
What Is The Area? HARD Geometry Problem, by MindYourDecisions
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8GnyjbUj-eE&t=8s

Assessment

1. If 𝑛 is equal to the number of sides of a polygon, and 𝑠 is the measurement of a side of a regular
polygon, what will be the formula to compute for the perimeter of the regular polygon?
𝑛
a. 𝑃 = 𝑠 + (𝑛(𝑛 × 𝑠)) c. 𝑃 = (𝑛 × 𝑠)
𝑠
b. 𝑃 = 𝑛 × 𝑠 d. 𝑃 = 𝑛(𝑛 × 𝑠)
2. What figure does the following formula relate to: 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑎𝑏, where a and b are the major
and minor axes of the figure, respectively?
a. Parabola c. Circle
b. Ellipse d. Hyperbola
√𝑠
3. What figure does the following formula relate to: 𝐴 = 𝑏 2 where b is the measurement
4
of the side of the figure?
a. Scalene triangle c. Equilateral triangle
b. Obtuse triangle d. Isosceles triangle
4. In finding the area of a triangle, whose sides have given lengths 𝑎, 𝑏, and c, the given formula is
𝐴 = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐). What is this formula/ theorem called?
a. Heron’s formula c. Pythagorean theorem
b. Archimedes’ formula d. Golden ratio formula
5. What figure does the following formula relate to: 𝑃 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 + 𝑒, where a, b,
c, d, and e are side measurements?
a. Pentagon c. Triangle
b. Hexagon d. Quadrilateral
6. What figure does the following formula relate to: 𝑃 = 2𝑙 + 2𝑤, where l and w are side
measurements?
a. Trapezoid c. Square
b. Rectangle d. Triangle
7. What figure does the following formula relate to: 𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑟, where r is the radius?
a. Ellipse c. Triangle
b. Square d. Circle
8. What figure does the following formula relate to: 𝑃 = 4𝑠, where 𝑠 is the measurement of
the side
a. Rhombus c. Square
b. Rectangle d. Parallelogram
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
9. On the formula given above, the value of 𝑠 = , what is the value of 𝑠 called?
2
a. Semi-triangle c. Semi-perimeter
b. Semi-circle d. Perimeter
3√3
10. What figure does the following formula relate to: 𝐴 = 𝑠 2 where s is the measurement
2
of the side of the regular polygon?
a. Hexagon c. Enneagon
b. Decagon d. Pentagon
11. What is the formula for finding the area of a circle?
a. 𝐴 = 4𝜋𝑟 2 c. 𝐴 = 3𝜋𝑟 2
b. 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 d. 𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟 2
12. What figure does the following formula relate to: 𝐴 = 2(1 + √2 )𝑠 2 where s is the
measurement of the side of the regular polygon?
a. Heptagon c. Octagon
b. Hexagon d. Decagon
13. What is the area of a quarter-circle?
𝜋𝑟 2 𝜋𝑟 2
a. c.
2 6
𝜋𝑟 2 𝜋𝑟 2
b. d.
4 8
ℎ
14. What figure does the following formula relate to: 𝐴 = (𝑏1 + 𝑏2 ) where the two bases are
𝑠
the side measurements of the bases of the figure, and h is the measurement of the height?
a. Rectangle c. Parallelogram
b. Trapezoid d. Square
15. How do you solve for the area of an irregular polygon?
a. Geogebra c. Trial and error
b. Ruler and compass d. Decomposition of shapes
 Additional Activities

Hard Geometry Problem – Contest in Switzerland

MindYourDecisions
Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BeuLmUjPFsk

Trigonometry Prep:
On your 9th grade, you will have an additional
mathematics subject or course entitled
Trigonometry. On the said course, you will
be learning more about the unique properties
of different types of triangles by
understanding circular functions. Topics such as trigonometric identities, law of sines and
cosines, and polar coordinates will be tackled.
On a whole sheet of paper, write a 300-word essay on the trigonometric concepts that you
have learned based from watching the video. You may answer the following questions on
your essay:

1. What trigonometric concepts/ formulas have you learned from the video?
2. How do the trigonometric concepts on the math learning video relate to the geometric
concepts that you currently know?
3. Why is it important to learn trigonometric concepts, techniques, and strategies in solving
advanced Geometry problems?

Answer Key
References
Apothem (Geometry)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apothem
Area Formula for Regular Polygons: Derivation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcaNHM9LziM
Area of Regular Polygons – Hexagons, Pentagons, & Equilateral Triangles With Inscribed
Circles. Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwyYgCGNOQ4
Bernabe, Julieta & Jose-Dilao, Soledad. (2009). Geometry: Textbook for Third Year, Revised
Edition. SD Publications, Inc. Alkem Company (S) Pte. Ltd.
Bass, Laurie & Johnson, Art (2004). Prentice Hall Mathematics, Geometry. Pearson Prentice
Hall. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Calculating the Perimeter of Polygons
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J11IU3C86Yc
Find the Area of Regular Polygons
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z50C1b2sO5M
Finding Perimeter of Polygons
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIrgfCEjuoE
Klein, Felix. (2004). Elementary Mathematics from an Advanced Standpoint: Geometry.
Dover Publications.
How To Solve For The Radius: Challenging 1970’s Math Contest!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1EkoaQJyrfk
How To Solve For The Area. Viral Homework Problem From China
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnE_sO7PbBs
How To Solve This Viral Math Problem From China
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Seb863FnfU&t=456s
Math Antics – Perimeter
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AAY1bsazcgM
Math Tutorial: Area & Perimeter of Irregular Polygons
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltJEmtRwXgA
Problem From The Hardest Test – What Is The Area?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Ze-59CxFbE
What Is The Area? Square Between Two Circles
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oS8yKLdvVYY
What Is The Area? HARD Geometry Problem
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8GnyjbUj-eE