Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PART-ENG
Engineering Operation
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Engineering Operation
1. Engineering Functions
2. Engineering Procedures
3. Project
4. System Generation
5. Test Function
6. Download Function
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Engineering Functions
PART-ENG 1
Engineering Functions
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Features of Engineering
Functions
• Operable on a general purpose PC
• Concurrent engineering
• Virtual test function with FCS simulator
• Reusable engineering data
• Online documents
Test Function
FCS
Engineering Function
Simulator
Operation/Monitoring Function
Windows2000/XP Professional
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Configuration
Engineering functions
Basic functions
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Concept of DCS Builder
Graphic builder HIS
Operation/
monitoring
function
definition
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Engineering Environment
Engineering environment
Engineering database
(Current project) HIS
HIS load
V net
Engineering work FCS load
with builder
Download the created system
configuration, the operation
System configuration, operation and and monitoring windows and
monitoring windows and so on are
so on to the system.
created and edited by the builder. ooo
FCS
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Engineering Environments
ENG/HIS ENG/HIS
Standard FCS
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Engineering Environment
Engineering functions and operation and monitoring
functions within a single HIS.
V net
ooo
Standard FCS
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Engineering Environment
Independent engineering functions.
Ethernet
Engineering functions
Operation/monitoring
ENG/HIS HIS
functions
Engineering data
V net
ooo
Standard FCS
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Engineering Environment
Concurrent engineering via network.
Ethernet
Engineering functions
Operation/monitoring
PC ENG/HIS
functions
HIS
Engineering data
V net
Standard FCS
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Engineering Environment
Merging engineering data.
Engineering data
Engineering functions merging
Operation/monitoring
ENG/HIS functions
PC
Engineering data Engineering data
V net
ooo
Standard FCS
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Engineering Environment in TC
Ethernet
V net
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Engineering Procedures
PART-ENG 2
Engineering Procedures
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Engineering Flow
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Engineering Work Flow
Project creation
Operation/monitoring
HIS
function definition Done in the fundamental course.
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Confirmation of Project
Project for the target Confirm that the project has been
system created for the target system.
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Defining Common Items
Alarm priority
Defining the items commonly used
by the project.
Alarm status label
Saved in the COMMON folder. In
most cases, default values are
Alarm processing table
acceptable.
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Defining Control Functions
Unit management
Items in yellow boxes will be
defined in the exercise.
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Operation & Monitoring Functions
HIS constants
Defines the operation and
Function keys monitoring functions.
Help messages
Items in yellow boxes will be
Plant hierarchy defined in the exercise.
Panel set
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Virtual Test Execution
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Downloading of Created Functions
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Defining Functions with HIS Setup
Stations
Operation and monitoring
Printer environments of the HIS are
set with the HIS setup window.
Buzzer
Display
Window switching
Equalization
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Execution of Target Test
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Tuning Parameter Save
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Saving of Project
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Self-Documentation
Documents output
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Project
PART-ENG 3
Project
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Project
Project is the unit of managing the FCS and HIS data created
by system generation functions. Builder files defined by the
system generation functions are managed in the unit of project.
Automatically created
Default project new project at initial
startup.
FCS download
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Default Project
• Default Project:
After the system installation, the project created at the first startup
of the System View is called default project.
Features:
1) Downloadable to FCS.
2) Virtual test is possible with FCS simulator.
3) Downloadable to HIS.
4) Offline download to FCS in the target system is possible.
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Current Project
• Current Project:
If the offline download to any FCS in the default project is executed,
the attribute of the project changes from default to current. And then
the online engineering is enabled.
Features:
1) Multiple projects cannot be created.
2) Target test is possible.
3) Downloadable to HIS.
4) Offline download to FCS in the target system is possible.
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User Defined Project
Features:
1) Multiple projects can be created on the system view.
2) Virtual test is possible with the FCS simulator.
3) Download to the FCS and the HIS in the target system is
impossible.
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Current Project
enabled.
Attribute changes Online A unique project that
on download. enables to confirm
download
the FCS data.
At initial installation A single
project/system
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User Defined Project
Ordinary system Attribute
configuration change by
utility
Current project User defined project
User User
Current defined defined
project project project
Copied Newly created
Online maintenance current project project
enabled. Download to FCS is disabled.
A unique project that Multiple projects can be created for
enables to confirm testing, expansion and so on.
the FCS data.
A single Multiple
project/system projects/system
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Project Attribute Change
Project attribute can be changed by the “Utility to Change
Project’s Attribute”.
“Change Attribute of
Project” dialog
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Project Creation for Exercise
Project position
H:/CS3000/eng/BKProject/
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System Generation
PART-ENG 4
System Generation
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System Generation
System View
(Collective management engineering environment for CS1000/3000.)
• Project creation
• System configuration
definition
• I/O module definition
• Builder startup
• Test function startup
• Documentation
function startup
• Database load
• Parameter save
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System Generation
Builder (Generation tools of various functions)
The builder startups automatically by clicking the builder file
to define or edit.
Examples of functions:
• Common item
definition
• I/O definition
• Control function
creation
• Operation and
monitoring functions
definition
• Operation window
definition
An example of a graphic builder window.
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Project Definition
Items to define: Project name
Position (The folder’s location in which database
is saved. A server or other drive can be specified.)
Project position
H:/CS3000/eng/BKProject/
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Project Definition
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Devices Composing System
A hardware type for each device and a database type for the FCS
should be specified. The hardware and database type cannot be
changed once they were defined.
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Devices Composing System
Creation of devices composing the system.
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Project Common Items
The definition files common to the whole project are
saved in the COMMON folder.
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Engineering Unit Symbol
The engineering unit symbol is a unit symbol attached to a data value
including a flow-rate and pressure, and is used on all the projects.
Up to 256 engineering unit symbols can be used for one project.
One engineering unit symbol can be defined with up to six
alphanumeric characters.
Engineering unit
symbols Nos.1 to 8
cannot be changed or
deleted: Define the
engineering unit
symbol starting at No.9.
Default values are
predefined for Nos.9 to
126. No default values
are predefined for the
subsequent Nos.
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Switch Position Label
Up to 64 sets switch position labels can be defined. One set
consists of four labels (label 1, label 2, label 3, and label 4).
The label 4 character string is not displayed on the instruments. Define a
unique character string for each set.
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Flow of User Security Check
HIS operation
Security check
Operation
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Security Overview
The following two types of policies are available in CS 1000/CS 3000.
• HIS Security Policy
HIS security policy stipulates the scope of operation and monitoring
allowed on the Human Interface Station. Regardless of the logon
users, the operation performed to a device or to a function block data
item may be restricted.
• User Security Policy
User security policy stipulates the scope of operation and monitoring
for the users.
Each user is restricted to operate or monitor a certain scope of devices
and function block data items.
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HIS Security
The security level regarding operation and monitoring as well as the
operation and monitoring scope can be set for the HIS itself. The HIS
security check has a precedence over the user security check.
The operation and monitoring scope of the HIS is unrelated with the
operation and monitoring scope set for each user group.
The security level setting means to select either monitoring only machine
or monitoring and operation machine (default).
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HIS Security Definition
The HIS Attribute (security level) and HIS Security (operation and
monitoring range) settings in the HIS Constant Builder.
The operations performed by the user are held as the operation record.
The operation record can be confirmed by the historical message report.
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User Group
The range is set by the plant name. If the plant name is not used,
set by the station name and the control drawing.
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Concepts of Scope and Privilege
Operation & monitoring scope of HIS0124.
Operation & monitoring scope of user Group-AB.
Whole Plant
Users in Group-AB:
OPS1-A: Monitoring
OPS2-A: Operation and monitoring Equipment
OPS3-A: Operation, monitoring and maintenance E
Registration of user
name, user group and
privilege levels.
CENTUM users should be registered in the window above. User and user
group for MS Windows are different from the CENTUM users.
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User Group Registration
UserSec builder registers user group names.
The UserSec builder also specifies ranges of operation
and monitoring, acknowledgement and so on.
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Privilege Levels
*1: Maintenance means the engineering work such as initiation of the builder.
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Privilege Levels and Ranges
Monitoring and operation ranges and so on for each user
can be customized with the detailed setting items builder.
Registration of monitoring
range for each user privilege.
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Window Authorities Definition
The authorities on windows can be defined in the “Create
New Window” dialog.
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Function Block Security Definition
The function block security level can be defined in the
function block detail builder basic tab.
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Mode Selection Key
When the HIS is connected with an operation keyboard, the privilege
level of the user may be changed temporarily using the mode
selection key on the keyboard. The privilege level changed on the
keyboard has higher priority than the level set in the user-in dialog box.
The following two mode selection keys are used to switch the security level:
• Operation key (Privilege level S2)
The key can be switched between the ON and OFF positions only.
• Engineering key (Privilege level S3)
The key can be switched to any position.
In the case of the operation key When the engineering key is selected.
Changes between The key can be switched
the ON, OFF positions. to any position.
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Operation Mark
An operation mark attached on an instrument faceplate
temporarily restricts the user privilege levels of operation and
monitoring. Operation mark definition builder defines a tag label,
a tag level and so on.
For each operation mark, a tag For each operation mark, a privilege
level (a privilege level) can be level for the installation or removal of
assigned. the operation mark can be assigned.
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Common Items
The following items are common for engineering functions:
• Name
System generation function names basic elements such as function
blocks, windows, and so on.
• Comment
System generation function adds comments for the explanation to
function blocks, windows and so on, if necessary.
• Type of files
System generation function handles three-type of files; Builder file,
Save As file and Working file.
• Configuration of folders and files
Engineering data are configured with a unit of project.
• External file
The data defined by the builder can be exported to an external file
with a different format.
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Name (Window Name)
• Window name
Each window has a system defined widow name. Besides the
system defined window name, users can name some windows.
The user defined window name should be defined with English
letters (capital letter only) and numerical figures within 16
characters including ‘_’ (under score) and ‘-’ (hyphen). However, ‘_’
and ‘-’ cannot be used at the beginning.
REACTOR-A-GR
GR_REACTORA
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Name (Tag Name)
• Tag name
The names, which are assigned to identify function blocks, elements
and so on in the control stations are called tag names. There are two
kinds of the tag names; system tag names and user defined tag names.
The user defined tag name can be defined with English letters (capital
letters only) and numerical figures including ‘_’ (underscore) and ‘-’
(hyphen) up to 16 characters. But ‘_’ and ‘-’ cannot be used at the
beginning.
FIC1035, TIC100-A
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Type of Files
The builder configuring operation and monitoring functions,
control functions has three types of files.
• Builder file
The master file handled by the builder is called a builder file. The
file extension is .edf.
When the created file is saved with Save command or
downloaded with Download command without any error, the file
becomes the builder file.
• Save-As file
When the defined contents by the builder have errors, the file
cannot be saved with Save command. The file is saved with Save
As command. The file extension is .sva.
The SVA file may be imported to the builder for editing.
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Type of Files
• Working file
During editing of a builder file, the file can be saved as a working file,
even the file has errors. The file extension is .wkf. If a working file is
saved, a builder file and a working file exist. Only the builder file can
be edited. When the builder file is called up, the working file may be
imported into the builder file. After editing the builder file is saved or
downloaded without errors, the working file is deleted.
Working file
selection dialog.
The working file can only be imported by the corresponding builder file.
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External Files
• Import
The builder files created by other projects or other stations
can be introduced into a builder. It is referred to as Import.
• Export
The defined builder files can be output to files with different
formats. It is referred to as Export.
Station A Station B
Builder file
Control drawing Export Import Control drawing
SVA file
Graphic file CSV file Graphic file
TXT file
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Test Function
PART-ENG 5
Test Function
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Types of Test
The test function is the tool to test the data and functions
created by a user with engineering functions.
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Target Test
The target test uses the actual FCS for testing.
The test can be executed either using I/O modules or
wiring functions without I/O modules.
IN FIC100 OUT
HIS PID
I/O disconnection
(wiring function)
ooo
Standard FCS
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Virtual Test
HIS
Test Operation
and System
function monitoring generation
FCS
One PC executes
Multiple FCS test
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Virtual Test Functions
The virtual test functions executes the test using a FCS
simulator for a real FCS. The FCS simulator functions on a PC.
HIS or PC
Virtual test
function
FCS Operation /
simulator monitoring
HIS
Disconnection from
the control network V net
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Procedures of Virtual Test
Confirmation
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Wiring Function
FCS
Output modules are to be short-
A(+) circuited in the I/O disconnected
Output module
B(-) target test to avoid the output
open state (OOP).
ooo
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Wiring Editing Function
The wiring editor enables to edit the connections between
I/O terminals, the delay or lag time constants and so on.
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Concepts of Wiring Function
The wiring function makes connections virtually between the
process I/Os not using the actual I/Os. (I/O disconnection.)
TIC101
FCS control functions OUT
PID
IN SET
FIC101
PID
IN OUT
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Download Function
PART-ENG 6
Download Function
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System Download
Difference between the HIS download and the FCS download.
HIS
System view HIS
Data are transferred to
function
download memory by the equalize
Data function
HIS database transmission
Window configuration, to an HDD At the next window
messages switching, revised data
becomes effective
FCS FCS
function
download
FCS database At the next scanning
Block configuration, Write on a
I/O configuration main memory period, revised data
becomes effective.
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FCS Download
The FCS download transfers the created and/or
edited database to the FCS.
Offline download
The offline download transfers all FCS related engineering data
to the FCS after stopping it.
Online download
The online download transfers the difference between the
created FCS database and the existing FCS database in the
project without stopping the FCS.
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Offline Download
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Tuning Parameter Save
Tuning parameter save operation.
If the tuning parameters are not saved, the default values of the tuning
parameters when each function block is created or the parameters saved before
previous downloading will be downloaded.
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Online Download
Online download operation.
Online
Control function database download Control function database
Function block configuration, Function block configuration,
I/O configuration I/O configuration
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Offline / Online Download
Operation difference between the offline download
and the online download.
Engineering database Tuning Control station
parameter
save
Tuning parameter Tuning parameter
database database
Scope of
offline Offline
download Control function database download Control function database
Function block configuration, Function block configuration,
I/O configuration I/O configuration
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System Download
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System Download
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CS1000/3000 (R3.04)
Fundamental Course Textbook
TE33Q4T30-01E
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CS1000/3000 Overview
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Process Control Devices
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Feedback Control (Regulatory Control)
Temperature
controller Feedback Control (Regulatory Control)
Temperature
controller Temperature
converter
TIC102-B
PID
SV
(Setpoint Variable)
PV
(Process Variable) Process
Steam
Final control
element
MV
(Manipulated Variable)
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Sequential Control
Start
V1:Inflow Valve
N
Inflow
Operation Panel
Level
Indicator
V1 Open
LI001 HI Inflow
N PVI
LI001
“HI”
Outflow
V1 Close
LO
LI001 N
N “LO”
Outflow
V2 Open
End
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Analog Control / Digital Control
Analog Control
Analog Control
In analog control, PID
computation is carried out with Process
SV Deviation MV PROCESS variable
an electric current or voltage + PID unit
PID (including control
by a hardware. It is very hard – valve )
to change the control
algorithm. PV Controller
Sensor and
High accuracy computations Transmitter
used for the advanced control
are also difficult.
Numerical Data
Digital Control
Digital Control
In digital control, PID
Process
computation is carried out by Deviation PROCESS
SV D/A & variable
a software. It is easy to +
CPU hold MV
(including control
change the control algorithm. – valve )
Sensor and
PV Transmitter
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Centralized Control System
Alarm Report
Logger
At the initial stage, a computer
was used as a logger only for Operator Station
the monitoring and logging. (monitoring and logging)
CPU
I/O I/O
A/D (Computer) D/A
Buffer Buffer
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Distributed Control System (1)
I/O Image
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Distributed Control System (2)
Distributed control and centralized
operation & monitoring
Control Network
Control processing is
distributed.
I/O Image I/O Image I/O Image
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CENTUM CS Lineup
• CENTUM CS 3000 R3
DCS based on Windows for large-scale factories
The new production control system of Yokogawa. The CENTUM CS 3000 R3 features
sophisticated functions and components to meet all production state requirements.
• CENTUM CS 1000 R3
DCS based on Windows for small- and medium-scale factories
The CENTUM CS 1000 R3 has the same architecture as CS 3000. It is specifically
designed for the requirements for the middle and small scale plants.
• CENTUM CS
DCS based on UNIX for large-scale factories
The CENTUM CS was put on market in 1993. Since then, the CENTUM CS proudly
keeps its overwhelming high reliability.
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History of DCS
Development of digital control technology and Yokogawa’s DCS.
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Position of DCS
Business
Customer Demand system
management prediction
Production management
Production
DCS Process control management
system
(Production control system)
Production equipment
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Concepts of Modern DCS
Field bus
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CENTUM CS Configuration
V-net/IP
(Communication bus)
Real-time control network
TIC101
PID
FCS (Control station)
I/O operations to and from the FIC101
field, control computation and so PID
on are executed by FCS.
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CS and Single Loop Controller
FCS Control computation
V net HIS
FCU
TIC001
TIC002
TIC003
TIC004
(Field Control Unit)
YS100
Single loop
controller
ESB or RIO bus I/O images
Output conversion
Input conversion
TIC004
TIC001
TIC002
TIC003
TIC004
TIC001
TIC002
TIC003
I/O
modules
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Signal Flow in CS (Example)
Measuring range is set by each function block.
Terminal connection
Engineering data (Soft-wiring)
OUT Ex. 6.5 M3/M SET
Process variable PV TIC100 IN FIC100 Process variable PV
Engineering data Engineering data
Ex. 350 ºC PID PID Ex. 5.2 M3/M
IN OUT
-200 – 1200 ºC 0 – 100 % 0 – 100% I/O (PIO) connection
Digital data Digital data Digital data (Soft-wiring)
I/O images
-200 – 1200 ºC 0 – 100 % 0 – 100% Internal RIO/ESB
Digital data Digital data Digital data bus communication
A/D A/D D/A
-5.9 – 48.8mV 4 - 20mA 4 - 20mA
Analog data Analog data Analog data Field device connection
(Hard-wiring)
Process I/O,
*MES: Subsystem Subsystem I/O,
Manufacturing Execution System (PLC, DARWIN etc) Fieldbus I/O etc.
**PIM:
Plant Information Management
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Features of Operation & Monitoring Functions
Features of HIS operation and monitoring functions:
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Features of Control Functions
Features of the control functions of FCS:
■ High reliability control
The highly reliable dual-redundant controller used for many years is employed to realize non-stop
control.
■ The optimum control stations selectable for a scale or conditions of plant
The standard (centralized) type that controls many distributed I/O points by a control unit or the
compact (distributed) type that controls by distributing the control units in a plant, which enables high
speed communications by distributing the load of control.
These control stations can be used up to *256 for a system. It enables to cope with from a small scale
plant to a very large scale plant. (* 24 stations for CENTUM 1000)
■ Control functions that easily realizes the various applications for the plant
By not only a standard PID control and a sequential control function, but also a batch control function
based on the ISA S88 standard, the control functions can cope with from a mass production to a
flexible production (many-kinds and small-quantity).
■ Coping with intelligent field devices
The control load can be distributed to a field side with the FOUNDATION fieldbus. This increases an
operation efficiency of the control stations that enables the advanced controls. The parameters in
devices regardless of vendors can be read in the DCS.
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Features of Engineering Functions
Features of the engineering functions of ENG:
■ On-line documentation
All of the users manuals is electronic documents and they are provided with CD-ROM’s.
The file format is PDF (Portable Document Format) that is the standard electronic
documents on the internet.
These electronic documents can be read not only in sequence as in the usual
documents, but also can be read and printed on demand during engineering.
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System Configuration (CS1000)
VL-net
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System Configuration (CS3000 small)
Bus Converter
BCV
CS3000 in
another domain Compact type FFCS-S
or XL/μXL (for FIO) Supervisory computer
Out of the system
The BCV connects the stations on the V/VL-net on another domain. Other
non-V net systems manufactured by Yokogawa may be connected via BCV.
* Extension length is for 10Base5 cable.
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System Configuration (CS3000)
Bus converter
BCV
CS3000 in
another domain Compact Type
or XL/μXL SFCS ooo
VL net
Left-hand side HIS is HIS0124, which Right-hand side HIS is HIS0123, which
has an engineering database. (Use has no engineering database.
Reactor A control system.) HIS0123 shares the database with
HIS0124. (Use Reactor B control
FCS 0101 system.)
(PFCS)
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Sub-system Integration
V-net General-purpose
Compact subsystem gateway
Type
FCS
Subsystem Subsystem
communication communication network
module
Subsystem
Subsystem
* OPC: OLE for Process Control
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Remote Desktop Function
HIS LAN
Internet /
Intranet
V-net
PC
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Operation & Monitoring Station (HIS)
Open Style
Solid Style
Console HIS
Console HIS
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Common Items
CS1000/3000 Fundamental Course Textbook
B-1 Operation and Monitoring Common Items
01. Operation and Monitoring Station (HIS)
02. Configuration of Operation and Monitoring Stations
03. HIS Desktop
Window Mode
Operational Environment of Desktop
04. Window Size
05. Window Name
06. Window Hierarchy
07. Window Closing
08. Circulate Windows
09. Dynamic Window Set
10. Print Screen
11. Rotate Windows
12. Panel Set
13. Operation Group
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Operation & Monitoring Station (HIS)
Solid Style Console
General Purpose PC
Drawer
Operation Keyboard
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Operation & Monitoring Station (HIS)
Open Style Console
18” Upper LCD
(Optional)
Touch panel
(Optional)
18” LCD
Operation Keyboard
(Optional)
Drawer
Mouse pad
Drawer for
engineering
keyboard
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General Purpose PC in Console
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Cards Installed in PC
Two kinds of card are installed to the PC for using the PC
exclusively as the HIS.
** This card is not necessary for a desk top HIS, as the HIS does not
use a console kit.
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Control Bus Interface Card (VF701)
The control bus interface card is installed in a PCI slot of the
general purpose PC. The card connects the PC to V-net/VL-
net for communication.
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Operation Keyboard (Optional)
Operation keyboard for single loop operation (desk top type HIS).
Mode transfer
key switch Built-in speaker
32 Function keys
Confirmation keys
Scroll keys
Data input keys
Cursor move keys
The operation keyboard for the console type HIS enables 8-loop operation at a time.
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Operation Keyboard
Operation keys on keyboard
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Operation Keys for Instruments
Target key: The key transfers operating data from MV to SV during manual
mode (MAN).
INC key: The key increases data. 1 % of full-scale data increases every 0.2
seconds while the key is pressed. It takes 20 seconds to change 100%.
DEC key: The key decreases data. 1 % of full-scale data decreases every
0.2 seconds while the key is pressed. It takes 20 seconds to change 100%.
Speed-up key: Pressing this key together with INC key or DEC key
accelerates the changing speed 4 times.
CAS key: The key transfers the block mode to cascade (CAS) or semi-
automatic mode (SEMI). Pressing this key together with AUT key transfers to
cascade mode, with MAN key transfers to semi-automatic mode.
MAN key: The key transfers the block mode to manual (MAN).
AUT key: The key transfers the block mode to automatic (AUT).
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Access Mode Transfer Key Switch
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Operation and Monitoring Functions
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Operation and Monitoring Functions
Common Functions Operation & Monitoring System Maintenance
Window Call Windows Functions
Operation window mode Graphic window System status overview window
System message window Control window System alarm window
Window hierarchy Overview window FCS status display window
Navigator window Tuning window BCV status display window
Dynamic window set Trend window HIS setup window
Circulate function Process alarm window Time set dialog
Alarm processing function Ope. Guide window Help dialog
Print screen function Message monitoring window
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HIS Desktop
Screen modes and operation environments can be set on the
HIS desktop according to operation customs and security.
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Operation Screen Mode
There two operation screen modes:
Full screen mode and window mode.
Window Mode:
The mode that displays
windows in the usual form of
overlapped windows.
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Full Screen Mode
In the full screen mode, a single operation and monitoring window,
excluding a system message window, is displayed over the entire
screen. That window is called a main (or primary) window and other
windows are called auxiliary (or secondary) windows.
A single main window and 5 auxiliary windows can be displayed on default setting.
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Window Mode
In the window mode, all the windows are displayed overlapped in
Windows way. Maximize, minimize, close operations and so on
are the same as Windows general applications.
Operation buttons
are displayed as the
windows applications.
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Mode Switching
Operation and monitoring screen mode of CS1000/CS3000
can be switched from HIS setup window.
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HIS Desktop Operation Environment
● Windows Standard
Environment:
The standard desktop when
the Windows was installed.
The standard Windows
operation, such as to start
general applications or to
access to the network can
be executed during the
operation and monitoring of
process.
Shutdown and restart operations of HIS are the same as the operations of a usual PC.
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HIS Desktop Operation Environment
● CENTUM Desktop Environment:
The environment that emphasizes on process operation and
monitoring. Main differences from Windows environments are;
Automatic startup of operation and monitoring functions of HIS are also set
by this utility.
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Window Display Size
The window display size can be selected from the following three
sizes:
In window mode:
• When the Large size is specified (-SL) : 80% width of the screen
• When the Medium size is specified (-SM): 50% width of the screen
• When the Special size is specified (-SC): The size varies with the
design at creation. (No scaling, Individual windows)
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Display Position
The display position of the called window can be specified beforehand.
The display position is specified using X and Y coordinates. The
specification range falls within 0 to 32676.
The window display position is specified in the format given below:
=+X coordinate + Y coordinate
100
X coordinate : 200 (+200,+100)
The X coordinate the left
edge of the screen is set
as origin.
Y coordinate :
The Y coordinate the
upper edge of the screen
is set as origin.
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Name (Window Name)
• Window Name:
Each window has its own window name. The window can be called
by entering the window name in [Input Window Name] dialog on the
system message window.
Built-in system window name (System window name) and user-
defined window name (User-defined window name) are provided.
System Window Name: (The system widow names are seldom used in
the actual operation.)
Built-in system windows can be called.
Ex. .AL (Process alarm window)
.SO (System status overview window)
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Name (Tag Name)
• Tag name:
The names, which are assigned to identify function blocks, elements
and so on in the control stations are called tag names. There are two
kinds of the tag names; system tag names and user-defined tag names.
System tag name:
The system tag name is the built-in default tag name and used to call
elements and so on. It consists of % [element code] [element number]
S [domain number] [station number].
Ex. %SW0100S0101 (common switch)
The system tag name format. %aabbbbSccdd
aa: Element identifier bbbb: Element No. cc: Domain No. dd: Station No.
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Window Hierarchy
Every operation and monitoring window can be organized
systematically based on the concept “window hierarchy”.
The window hierarchy enables calling a window in the lower
hierarchy from one in the upper hierarchy, and alarm monitoring
operation.
Hierarchy 1 (Upper)
Hierarchy 2
Hierarchy 3 (Lower)
When a window hierarchy is used, the desired window can be called directly
without having to remember the window name. Also the hierarchical relationship
of the windows can be understood visually.
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Calling up Window
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System Message Window
The system message window provides following menu buttons:
• Toolbox button
• Preset menu button Clicking these buttons displays menus
• Operation menu button and a toolbox that are used to call the
• Window call menu button operation and monitoring windows.
An example of calling
a window from
[Window Call Menu]
button on the system
message window.
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Navigator Window
In the navigator window, the window hierarchy is displayed
together with the window icons.
From the navigator window, a specific window in the hierarchy can be called
up, or an upper window or a sibling window of the current window can be
called up.
An example of calling
a specific window from
the navigator window.
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Entering Window Name (1)
The name input dialog box is called from the system message
window or the operation keyboard to enter the window name.
Input Format in the Input Window Name Dialog Box:
The following is the input format used when calling up windows from the Input
Window Name dialog box.
100
Window name {nFunction type}
{nDisplay size} {nDisplay position} 200
{ }: Items in brackets can be omitted.
n: A space
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Entering Window Name (2)
Recalling a Window:
Up to 8 window names previously entered in the name input
dialog box are saved.
By clicking the window name display button, the saved window names
are displayed in the pull-down menu.
To call up a window, select the window name and then click on [OK]
button.
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Toolbar
Associated windows can be called using the call button
provided in the operation and monitoring window toolbar.
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Window Call Definition
By assigning a window call function to a graphic or a function
key beforehand using the system generation function, a window
can be called by operating the graphic object or the function key.
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Operation Keyboard
An operation and monitoring window can be called up
directly by pressing the window call key.
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Function Blocks
When a window calling button or key is operated while
selecting an object or message associated with the
function block, the window associated with the selected
function block can be called directly.
For example, when the function block TIC102-A is
being selected, from the tool box:
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Window Call by Hierarchy (1)
When window call buttons or keys are operated while no
object or message is selected in the window, the reference
window based on the window hierarchy or the window related
to the window that is active at the time of the call is called up.
However, when an upper window is defined with the function block
definition builder, the defined window is called up first.
When the upper window is defined, the defined upper window can be called
neglecting the window hierarchy for the operation and monitoring functions.
Window hierarchy
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Window Call by Hierarchy (2)
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Window Call by Hierarchy (3)
When a user-defined window call button in the system message
window is clicked while the user-defined window is active, the
user-defined window that is lower in hierarchy is called.
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Upper Hierarchy Window Call
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Sibling Window Call
Widows of the same type and belonging to the same
window hierarchy are called sibling windows.
When a displayed window has sibling windows, by clicking on the
right or left hierarchy widow call button in the toolbox, the sibling
window is called.
The left button calls the upper located and the right button calls lower
located sibling window.
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Display Always Window
A total of up to 6 operation and monitoring windows can be
displayed at one time. If an additional operation and monitoring
window not currently displayed is called up, when already 6
operation and monitoring windows are displayed, the first
displayed window is erased and newly called window is displayed.
When [Display always] is in effect, the operations and monitoring window
specified as [Display always] won’t be erased even new operation and
monitoring window is called.
Default setting Display always
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Window Closing
The method to close each window is the same as to close
the Windows general application windows.
[Clear all] button on the operation and monitoring window closes all
operation and monitoring windows except the system message window.
(The Windows general application windows are not included.)
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Circulate Windows
The window circulate function toggles between the top and
bottom positions of the operation and monitoring window
group and the Windows general application window group.
Circulate button
Circulate operation
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Dynamic Window Set
The dynamic window set saves the currently displayed
operation and monitoring windows with window names, display
positions, display sizes and so on as a dynamic window set.
Dynamic window
set save button
Dynamic window
set release button
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Dynamic Window Set
The dynamic widow set common for all users and the dynamic
widow set for each user exist. It is defied with the HIS setup
window.
Saved dynamic
window set can be
confirmed.
Up to 50 dynamic widow sets can be saved. If the multiple save operations are
executed for the same reference window, only the last window set is saved.
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Print Screen
The print screen function prints or stores in a file or output to
a printer the entire screen or the window image (Max. 10
files). The screen image stored in the file can be displayed
in the image window.
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Rotate Windows
The window rotate function toggles between the top and
bottom positions of the operation and monitoring windows.
Rotate button
Rotate operation
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Panel Set (CS3000)
The panel set function enables to call up multiple windows
together to multiple HIS. Combination of several windows that
are frequently used can be defined as a panel set and the panel
set can be called up with one-touch operation. (CS3000 function)
The panel set call operation defined on a function key displays
the defined panel set on the own HIS, or notifies the panel set
name to other HIS that is defined by the builder. The other HIS
display the notified panel set.
PSET operation
HIS0124 HIS0123
of HIS0124
PSET
notification to
HIS0123
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Operation Group and Buzzer ACK ID
•Operation Group
A number of HIS on the same communication bus system configured
as the same operation group. The operation and monitoring can be
performed in the unit of group. This group is called an operation
group.
The operation group functions are such as the acknowledgement of
operator guide messages, panel set call and the deletion of
messages.
•Buzzer ACK ID
A number of HIS on the same communication bus system is able to
have the same buzzer ACK ID.
The buzzer ACK ID is the function to reset the buzzer of other HIS
having the same buzzer ACK ID by the acknowledge operation with a
single HIS.
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System Message and Navigator Windows
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System Message Window
System message window of CS1000/CS3000 (Window mode)
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System Message Window
The system message window consists of a toolbar, message
display area, icon display area and date and time display area.
Displays the latest alarms and messages and calls various
operation and monitoring windows via button operation. This
window enables basic operation and monitoring of a plant
collectively.
The system message window is called up automatically when HIS
starts up. The window is displayed at the front of other windows
except the toolbox.
Toolbar Date and time display area
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Toolbar
The toolbar is used to call the operation and monitoring
windows. It also indicates the status of generated alarms by
its button color and flashing state.
Process alarm window * Circulate
System alarm window * Clear-all
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Tool Box
Display always Image
System status display Rotate
Help Large size
Process alarm Middle size
Operator guide Builder call *
Control Drawing call *
* Optional
Tuning Release window set
Trend Save window set
Graphic Overview
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Tool-hint
When the mouse cursor is brought near a tool button, the
tool-hint (button name) may popped up.
If not, click on the toolbar to make active and try again.
Toolbar ( system message window)
Toolbox
Toolbox
Operation menu
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Message Display Area
On the message display area of the system message
window, the latest unacknowledged single message
among process alarm messages, annunciator messages
and system alarm messages is displayed.
When unacknowledged messages exist, the corresponding buttons
may flash.
When the message display button or the message display area is
clicked, the latest 5 unacknowledged messages are pull-down
displayed.
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Icon Display Area
In the icon display area of the system message window, icons that
indicate the state of the own station or the system is displayed.
Equalization is required
Isolated HIS
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Navigator Window
HIS classifies all user-defined windows used for the operation and
monitoring, and displays hierarchically. With this display, the user
can grasp the architecture of the windows used in the system at a
glance. The window is called the navigator window.
Toolbar
User-defined windows
Hierarchical pane
Window pane
System-defined windows
Recipe-related windows
Status bar
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Toolbar in Navigator Window
The navigator window consists of a toolbar, a window
hierarchy display area and a status bar.
Selected window call (similar to a double-clicking)
Display window in large size
Display window in middle size
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Icons in Navigator Window
On the side of the window names in the navigator widow, the
icons that indicate the widow types are displayed.
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Alarm Display in Navigator Window
The colors of the icons for windows that indicate states of alarms or
messages change according to the alarm occurrence status. The users,
therefore, can visually determine in which of the function block being
monitored in the window is generating the alarm.
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Standard Windows
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Faceplate Window
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Faceplate Window Configuration
The instrument faceplate consists of the
following elements:
Operation mark
INHIBIT
Data entry dialog box call button
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Status / Parameter Display Area
Alarm status
Engineering unit
Calibration status
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Tag Mark Type
The tag mark indicates the tag importance level and the status of
the function block. All function blocks have the tag mark. There are
following types of the tag mark according to its importance level:
The functions related to the tag
Auxiliary tag General tag Important tag importance are as follows:
Acknowledgement at operation.
Alarm flashing.
Alarm re-warning.
● Important tag
Alarm processing level 1
Locked type flashing with re-
warning function
Acknowledgement required at
operation
● General tag
Alarm processing level 2
Locked type flashing
● Auxiliary tag
Alarm processing level 3
Non-locked type flashing
See Supplement III. Alarm Priority.
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Tag Mark Color
The table below shows an example of the tag mark color
and alarm status correspondence.
Flashing red
Alarm message has been initiated but not been acknowledged.
Flashing green
Alarm recovery message has been initiated but not been acknowledged.
Constant red or green
Alarm message or recovery message has been initiated and acknowledged.
See Supplement V. Alarm Status.
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Alarm Actions
High and medium priority alarm.
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Re-warning Alarm
• Timer repeated warning:
The timer repeated warning function outputs the message at
each repeated warning cycle.
Operation by re-warning
Acknowledgement
Operation by re-warning
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Flashing state of Tag Mark
Tag mark color and flashing states transition.
Alarm Alarm
Acknowledgement absent state
absent state
Flashing Flashing
OFF ON
Occurrence
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Display Area of Instrument
The display area of the instrument provides the bars that
represent the manipulated output variable (MV) high and low
limit, and the setpoint variable (SV) high, high-high, low, and
low-low limit.
Operation setpoint high-high limit (HH)
MV index (OPHI)
Operation setpoint high limit (PH)
MV high limit (MH)
Operation setpoint operation limit bar
MV operation key
SV operation key
MV operation limit bar
Open/Close mark
The operation exceeding limit values needs confirm operation.
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Operation of Instrument Faceplate
The following operations are possible
with the instrument faceplate:
• Block mode transfer
• INC/DEC of data
• Data input
Block mode transfer operation:
A single click on the block mode
calls a bock mode transfer dialog.
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Operation of Instrument Faceplate
Data INC/DEC
Data input operation:
operation:
When the data input dialog of the When an operable pointer*
instrument faceplate is clicked, is clicked, the INC/DEC
the data input dialog appears. operation dialog
The data item that corresponds to corresponding to the
the red pointer appears. The data pointer appears.
item can be selected by the item
selection button.
Setting operation:
Necessary instruments
can be called by intuition.
It makes the operation
simple and certain.
State monitoring:
The state of pipe lines, valves,
reactors and so on is
displayed with different colors.
It makes grasping the overall
condition easier.
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Structure of Graphic Window
Image output
Alarm acknowledgement
Instrument assignment dialog
Data-bind transfer switch
(Displayed only for data-bind function)
Zooming dialog
Toolbar
Instrument
faceplate display
Graphic
display area
Elements consisting the toolbar are common for graphic, overview and control windows.
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Data Bind Function
System A Charging
System A System B
FIC101 PV=XXXXL/M
Raw material Raw material
FIC FIC101 PID FIC FIC102
Heating Heating
FIC FIC201 Raw material FIC FIC202
Heating Heating
TIC TIC201 TIC TIC202
Level LIC201 Level LIC202
PV=XXXX TIC201
PID
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Instrument Faceplate Assignment
The instrument faceplate assignment can be changed
temporary with the instrument assignment dialog. However,
the Instrument faceplate size may not be changed.
The defined instrument faceplate assignment is peculiar to the HIS that
changed the assignment. If the graphic window definition is downloaded by
the builder, this temporary defined assignment is no more effective.
Displayed
instrument
faceplate
Instrument faceplate
assignment button
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Overview Window
The overview window (a graphic window with overview attribute) is
the window that collectively displays alarm status and so on for
monitoring the process with assigned overview objects. This window
that has the function to call up related windows can be used as a
menu window by posting it to the top hierarchy of monitoring
windows of overall plant.
Overview object:
Tag name, window name,
annunciator message or comment
can be assigned on the overview
object. Window switching function
by touch target assignment and
color modify function for alarm are
also provided.
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Control Window (8-Loop)
The control window (a graphic window with control attribute) displays
the group of instruments in normal size used for the monitoring and
operation. The maximum number of instruments displayed is 8. The
normal size instrument can be used not only for monitoring but for
operation.
Soft-key assignment:
The soft-keys can be assigned
for each instrument.
Functions such as tuning window
call may be assigned.
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Control Window (16-Loop)
This window displays the group of compact instruments used for the
monitoring. The maximum number of instruments displayed is 16.
The compact size instrument cannot be operated. Only for the
monitoring. It is possible to assign both the normal size and the
compact size on the 16-loop window.
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Tuning Window
The tuning window displays the control status of the function block. It
is also used for tuning the various control parameters, as well as for
attaching and removing operation marks. The tuning window is
automatically created when a function block is created with the builder.
Toolbar
Instrument
faceplate
Tuning
parameter
display area
Tuning trend
Status bar
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Tuning Window Toolbar
The toolbar of the tuning window has buttons for tuning
trend operation, operation mark installation/removal, mode
transfer, related panel call and so on.
Operation mark
Primary direct mode
Displayed only when Control drawing call
PRD mode is effective. Raw data display
Calibration mode
Image output Alarm off mode
Alarm acknowledgement Enlarge data axis
Trend acquisition reserve Reduce data axis
Tuning trend operation
Stop/resume trend Reduce time axis
Enlarge time axis
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Tuning Trend
The tuning trend acquires process data from the function block
displayed in the tuning window and displays them as a graph.
The sampling period is 1 second and the recording span is 48 minutes.
The process data items acquired from the function block and the corresponding display colors are:
• Process variable (PV), calculated output value (CPV), feedback input data (FV) [Cyan]
• Setpoint value (SV), switch position (SW) [White]
• Manipulated output value (MV) [Magenta]
The acquisition of tuning trend begins when the tuning window is called up and stops when the
tuning window is closed. The reserve function can be used to continue the tuning trend data
acquisition after the tuning window is closed. The maximum number of data can be reserved is 16
per HIS. If more than 16 data are reserved, the oldest data are deleted.
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Control Drawing Window
The control drawing window displays the function blocks defined
in the control drawing builder and displays the controlling status
and connecting status of that function blocks visually.
Toolbar
Show/hide terminal
names and data
status.
Control drawing
display area
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Control Drawing Window
The sequence table window can be used to monitor the scan
status of the sequence table and the status of conditions.
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Trend Window
The trend window acquires different types of process data
and displays time-series change in a graph. The maximum
number of trend points can be displayed is 8.
Toolbar
Status bar
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Structure of Trend
The trend recording consists of the three layers of the trend
blocks, the trend windows and the trend point windows.
Trend block Trend group Trend window
Trend block 01 Trend group 1 TG0101
TR0001 TG0101 1 FIC100.PV
Trend block 02 Trend group 2 2 TIC200.PV
TR0002 TG0102 3 LIC300.PV
Trend group 3 4
Trend block 03
TG0103 5
TR0003 6
7
8
Trend group 16 Trend point window
TG0116
LIC300.PV
Trend window name 3 LIC300.PV
Trend block 50 TGbbgg
TR0050 bb: Block number
gg: Group number
Each trend block can
specifies trend type and
sampling period. Maximum number trend blocks for CS1000 is 8.
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Trend Data Acquisition Types
The data acquisition includes the following four types:
Continuous-rotary type:
Process data are acquired constantly. Data acquisition starts automatically
after starting the operation and monitoring functions. When the storage
capacity becomes full, the oldest data are deleted and replaced by new
data.
Batch-stop type:
Data acquisition starts and stops according to the received command.
When the storage capacity becomes full, data acquisition stops.
Batch-rotary type:
Data acquisition starts and stops according to the received command. If no
stop command is given and the storage capacity becomes full, the oldest
data are deleted and replaced by new data.
Trend acquired by other HIS:
Trend data acquired by other HIS may be referenced in a unit of block.
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Sampling Period and Recording Span
The sampling period can be selected from 1 second, 10 seconds,
1 minute, 2 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes for each trend
block. No more than 18 blocks (8 blocks for CS1000) can be
specified with the sampling periods of 1 minute, 2 minutes, 5
minutes and 10 minutes. No more than 2 trend blocks can be
specified with the sampling period of 1 second or 10 seconds.
2,880 samples can be acquired per pen. The recording span
indicates the time to acquire 2,880 samples for each trend in the
specified sampling period.
The table below shows the relationship between the sampling period and the
recording span:
In order to preserve the trend data, save the each trend window as a file or utilize
the long-term data archive function (optional).
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Toolbar of Trend Window
Index mark
Time at index mark
(Cyan)
Time display
‘*’ mark may be added to the
displayed time for time change or
power failure.
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Data Display Area and Status Bar
The instantaneous value of the trend data and
function block information for each trend pen
corresponding to the time specified by the trend
graph index mark are displayed in the numeric Numeric trend
trend data display area of the trend window. data display
area
The trend gathering status, display span of the trend
graph time and reducing/enlarging scale for the data
axis on the trend graph is displayed on the status bar
of the tend window.
Data item name
Instantaneous value
Status bar
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Trend Point Window
The trend point window displays one of the 8 points of the
trend data assigned to trend window. It can be called up
from the trend window by selecting a trend pen.
Toolbar
Status bar
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Changing Displayed Trend Data
In the trend window, the assigned trend pen may be changed.
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Trend Data Save
The acquired trend data can be saved in another file. Saving
operation in the file is executed for the trend group unit.
The saved trend can be redisplayed
by clicking the display button to
select the trend file.
To save the displayed
trend data, call up the
Save AS dialog by
clicking the data save
button on the toolbar.
Enter the file name and
the position to save.
The file extension “trf”
is automatically added.
The saved trend data will be redisplayed on the trend window where the [Saved
trend call] button was clicked. The originally displayed trend graph will be
replaced. The original trend can be recalled with the [Trend recall] button.
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Reference Pattern Assignment
For the batch type trend,
Reference Patterns
specified trend data can
be assigned as a
reference pattern.
The trend reference pattern,
an ideal trend pattern such
as the trend record by an
operator with expertise can
be displayed in the trend
window.
When the trend point
window is displayed, the
related reference pattern is
also displayed.
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Process Alarm Window
The process alarm window displays process alarms in the order they
are generated starting with the most recent alarm. When the alarm is
generated, the buzzer sounds and the process alarm button on the
system message window and the LED of the process alarm key on
the operation keyboard start flashing to notify the operator.
Toolbar
Status bar
Alarm recovered
Filter dialog
Current process variable display
Graphic window
Related window
Process
alarm Alarm
occurrence acknowledgement
Navigator window
Toolbar
Status bar
Equipment
search
Toolbar
Status bar
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Types of Control Stations
CS3000 R3.04 has 8 types of FCS.
RIO Different memory FIO Different memory
capacity capacity
For V, XL migration
Common hardware Common hardware
PFCS FFCS-S
Compact Compact
FCS FCS For small
For CS1000
CS3000
(RIO) (FIO)
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Structure of Various FCS
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Standard Type FCS Configuration
Standard FCS for FIO Standard FCS for RIO
KFCS LFCS
FCU FCU
(Field Control Unit) (Field Control Unit)
RIO bus
ESB bus
Node
Interface
I/O Modules Unit
Node
Node I/O Units
SUB-system
ER bus
SUB-system
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Control Station (KFCS)
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Dual Redundant Control Unit
Dual redundant control unit (FCU) for KFCS.
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Compact Type FCS (FFCS)
FCU
Power supply
modules
I/O Units
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Role of Node (LFCS)
Control room
Node for rack
mount type
Long distance use.
Field
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Node Installation (FIO)
An example of the node for FIO:
I/O modules are directly mounted
to a backboard.
I/O modules
ESB bus interface modules
Power supply modules
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Node Installation (RIO)
Analog I/O
module nest
(AMN11, AMN!2)
Relay I/O
module nest
(AMN21)
Node
Relay I/O
module
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I/O Modules
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I/O Units and I/O Modules (LFCS)
Analog I/O
module nest
Node
X4 (front)
X5 (rear)
An example of the analog I/O modules and the nest.
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I/O Terminal Addressing (RIO)
Addressing of terminals for process connection:
%Znnuscc An example of addressing
Terminal number (01 to 32)
Slot number (1 to 4)
Unit number (1 to 5)
Node number (01 to 08)
01 02 03
Slot 1
Nodes
1
Terminal 05
I/O Units 2
3 TI-1001
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I/O Modules (KFCS)
Modules for KFCS
ML connector
Pressure clamp
terminal connector
KS cable
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I/O Terminal Addressing (FIO)
An example of
terminal number
PIO block
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Dual Redundant FCU
Pair configuration
with two CPUs.
Spare configuration
with two FCU
modules.
The CENTUM CS control station adopts “a pair and spare” configuration with
spare FCU modules and pair CPUs in a module, which has never been introduced
in the world. By collating the computation results, once a transient error is
detected, immediately control right is switched to the standby side module. Since
the standby module performs control computation synchronized with the control
side, control is switched without loss of continuity.
Temporary computation error which may not be prevented by the diagnostic program
can be detected remarkably by collating the computation results from two CPUs.
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Perfect Dual-Redundant Loop
FCU FCU
RIO RIO
Bus card Bus card
RIO RIO
Bus card Bus card
RIO RIO
Bus Bus
RIO RIO
Bus Bus
RIO RIO
Slave card Slave card
RIO RIO
Slave card Slave card
NIU NIU
PSU PSU
NIU NIU
PSU PSU
Node Node
Internal bus Internal bus
Node Node
Internal bus Internal bus
AAM51 AAM51
The dual-redundant input modules need a dual-redundant signal selector block (SS-DUAL).
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Flow of FCS Start
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Configuration of FCS Functions
FCS control functions consist of the basic control functions,
the software I/O functions and I/O interface functions. The
basic control functions have various function blocks that
perform control computations. The I/O interfaces include the
process I/O and other interface functions.
FCS
I/O interfaces
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Function Block and Control Drawing
The function blocks, which are the minimum elements
consisting the basic control function, and the control
drawings, which connect multiple function blocks, configure
the FCS control functions hierarchically.
TIC100
PID
Control drawing
Function block
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Function Block
Function block:
The function block is the minimum element that executes control
computations.
Regulatory control blocks, sequential control blocks, computation
blocks, SFC blocks are the function blocks.
The control functions can be described like an instrumentation flow
sheet by connecting regulatory control, sequential control and
computation blocks.
Every function block should have a tag name and be stated on a
control drawing.
Function blocks
(Regulatory control, Computation, Sequential control)
See Supplement V. Function Block List.
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I/O Functions of FCS
I/O interfaces
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Process I/O
Analog input:
Current input, voltage input, mV input, TC input, RTD input,
potentiometer input, pulse train input.
Analog output:
Current output, voltage output.
Contact input:
Contact ON/OFF input signals from field devices to the FCS. Two
types of signals exist; status signals and push button signals.
Contact output:
Contact ON/OFF output signals from the FCS to field devices.
(The status output signals of a status type I/O module can be
manipulated in the following styles:
Latched type, non-latched type, pulse type and flashing type output.)
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Software I/O
The software I/O enables data setting or data reference to or from
other function blocks or applications same as in the process I/O.
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Examples of Using Software I/O
Internal Switch (Start switch) Message Output
TIC101
Heating
PID
FIC101
PID
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Message Output Functions
Operator guide message output (%OG) Yes Yes Electronic sounds, display
Multi-media function start message output (%VM) No Yes Multi-media function start
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Regulatory Control Functions
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Regulatory Control Positioning
The regulatory control block performs control
computation processing using analog process variables
and so on for the process monitoring and control.
FCS
I/O interfaces
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Types of Regulatory Control Block
The regulatory control blocks vary by the types of data
handled and control computation processing functions
provided.
Types of controllers are shown below.
• Input indicator blocks
• Controller blocks
• Manual loader blocks
• Signal setter blocks
• Signal limiter blocks
• Signal selector blocks
• Signal distributor blocks
• Pulse count block
• Alarm block
• YS blocks
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Regulatory Control Block Structure
The structure of regulatory control function block PID:
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Function Block Creation and Wiring
Function block assignment and wiring on a control drawing:
Create a connection
between function blocks,
a function block and an I/O
module with a wiring Icon.
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Data Connection with Process I/O
There are two types of data connections with the process I/O:
The data reference from a process input module and the data
setting to a process output module.
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Data Connection with Function Blocks
An example of data connection with other function blocks’ data items is shown below:
TE33Q4T30-01E 7 YOKOGAWA
Terminal Connection
In the cascade control, the terminal (OUT) of the function
block in the upstream should be connected to the set terminal
(SET) of the function block in the downstream.
This connection is referred to as the terminal connection. The
terminal connection is used in particular cases.
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Input Processing
The processing that performs before control computation for
the input signal read from the connection destination is called
“Input processing”.
Apply the 1st order lag filter to
Input signal conversion the signal from the input signal
conversion function to get PV.
PV/FV
No conversion
overshoot CAL
BAD
CAL PV
Analog input
square root Digital
Input RAW extraction filter
module The function to integrate
the signal from the input
Pulse train
input signal conversion function.
Read the input conversion CAL
signal from the BAD
process Input Communication Integration SUM
input
module or other
conversion
function blocks.
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Input Processing (Reference)
The input processing common to regulatory control blocks and
calculation blocks are as follows:
• Input signal conversion (No conversion, square root extraction, pulse train
conversion, communication input conversion.)
• Digital filter
• Integration
• OV/FV/CPV
overshoot
• Calibration
The input processing of the function
block can be defined with [Basic] and
[Input] tabs of the function block
detail definition builder.
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Calibration
The calibration is the function in which the emulated signal for
a process variable (PV) or a calculated output value (CPV) in
the function block can be set manually by the operation and
monitoring functions for maintenance or testing.
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Control Computation Processing
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Output Processing
Output processing refers to the processing that is executed to the
values obtained from the control computation before output it.
AUT/CAS/RCAS/PRD AUT/CAS/RCAS/ROUT/PRD
Preset MV
MH ML
Control Output
computation limiter ΔMV limiter MV
-
ROUT TRK
RMV
MVrb Output
conversion
Aux. output No
conversion
TIN SUB OUT
Output
module
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Output Processing
• Output limiter
• Output velocity limiter
• Output clamp
• Preset manipulated output
• Output tracking
• Output range tracking
• Manipulated output index
• Output conversion (no conversion, pulse width output conversion,
communication output conversion)
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Alarm Processing - FCS
Function
blocks The function that The function that
detects abnormality of summarizes the results of
Alarm setpoint the process from PV, the alarm detection
values MV and other values. function and notifies the
operation and monitoring
Re-warning alarm functions as a message.
Alarm Alarm
Process notification
detection Alarm status
data function function
Alarm message
Acknowledgement
operation
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Alarm Detection Function
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Alarm Inhibition (Alarm OFF)
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Block Mode and Status
Block mode and status are the information that represent the
conditions of the function blocks.
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Block Mode
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Basic Block Modes Relationship
Priority level
4
O/S High
IMAN 3
Complementary
relationship TRK 2
Exclusive relationship
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Primary Direct (PRD)
When the cascade connected lowstream block mode is set
to PRD, calculation processing is currently stopped. The
set value CSV is from the cascade connected upstream
block is output to the control valve after output processing.
LIC100
P’ry controller
PRD
S’ry controller FIC100 PRD setting button
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Scan Periods
Scan period determines a period for the periodic execution of the
function block. There are three types of scan periods: basic scan,
medium-speed scan and high-speed scan.
● Basic Scan
The basic scan is a standard scan period which is common to function blocks.
The basic scan period is fixed to 1 second. This cannot be changed.
● Medium-Speed Scan (LFCS/KFCS)
The medium-speed scan is a scan period suited for the process control that requires
quicker response than what can be achieved with the basic scan setting. Setting
value of the medium-speed scan can be selected by each FCS according to its use.
• Medium-speed scan period: Select “200 ms” or “500 ms.” The default is “500 ms.”
● High-Speed Scan
The high-speed scan is a scan period suited for the process control that requires
high-speed response. Setting value of the high-speed scan can be selected by each
FCS according to its use.
• High-speed scan period: Select “50 ms,” “100 ms,” “200 ms” or “500 ms.” The
default is “200 ms.”
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Control Period
Among the regulatory control blocks, the controller block has a
control period besides the processing period. The control period is
the period that the controller block executes control computation
and output processing during the automatic operation.
The control period is always an integer multiple of the scan period of 1
second. Input and alarm processing are performed at each scan period.
In ‘Automatic determination’, the control period is defined in accordance with the integral
time.
High- Medium-Speed Scan
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Sequential Control Functions
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Sequential Control Positioning
The function blocks that execute the sequential control are referred
to as sequential control blocks. The positioning of the sequential
control blocks is shown blow:
FCS
I/O interfaces
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Types of Sequential Control
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Sequential Control Description
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Types of Sequential Control Blocks
SFC block:
The SFC block executes the sequential control
program described with SFC.
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Sequence Table Block (ST16)
32 rules
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Sequence Table Block
Step label
Condition
signal
comment
Action
signal
comment
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Example of Sequence Description
An example of descriptions of the fundamental logic circuits, AND,
OR and NOT.
%SW0200
ON
%Z011101 Rule 01 02 03 . . . . . . . . . . 32
%SW0201 ON Step
ON C01 %SW0200.PV ON Y N
. %SW0201.PV ON Y
AND logic circuit . %SW0202.PV ON Y
. %SW0203.PV ON Y
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Non-step Type Sequence Table
Non-step type sequence table tests all rules at every control
period.
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Non-step Type Sequence Table
Basic operation 2:
Rule 01 02 03 . . . . . . . . . . 32
Step
When multiple action signals exist in
a condition satisfied rule, the actions C01 %SW0200 Y
. %SW0201 Y
are executed from top to down.
. %SW0202
. %SW0203
C32 (Condition signals)
A01 %Z011101 Y
. %Z011102 Y
. %Z011103 N
.
A32 (Action signals)
THEN
ELSE
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Execution and Output Timing
Execution timing
A sequence table block and a logic chart block have the
following four types of execution timing:
Output timing
A sequence table block has two types of output timing:
• Output only when conditions change (C)
• Output each time conditions are satisfied (E)
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Output Timing
Output only when conditions change (C) Output each time conditions are satisfied (E)
ON ON
Non-latched type
(L type)
Output Output
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Processing Timing
Default
For the LC64, logic chart block, output timing (C) can not be specified.
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Step Type Sequence Table
Step type sequence table tests only rules in the current step at
every control period.
Step label
Tested rules
Next step label (THEN label)
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Step Type Sequence Table
Basic operation 2:
Rule
The next step specified in the Step 04 05 08
THEN column is the step to C01 %SW0200 Y
advance when the condition test . %SW0201 Y
. %SW0202 Y
result is true. . Y
%SW0203
After all actions for the C32 (Condition signals)
corresponding rules are A01 %Z011101 Y
executed, the step proceeds to . %Z011102 Y
the next step. . %Z011103 Y
.
A32 (Action signals)
THEN 05
ELSE 08
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Step Type Sequence Table
Basic operation 3:
Rule
The next step specified in the Step 04 05 08
ELSE column is the step to C01 %SW0200 Y
advance when the condition test . %SW0201 Y
. %SW0202 Y
result is false. . Y
%SW0203
When conditions for the C32 (Condition signals)
corresponding rules are not A01 %Z011101 Y
satisfied, the step proceeds to . %Z011102 Y
the next step without executing . %Z011103 Y
.
the actions. (Action signals)
A32
THEN 05
ELSE 08
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Step Type Sequence Table
Rule
Basic operation 4: Step 01 02 03 04
C01 %SW0200 Y
When a step advances to a %SW0201 Y
.
next step, the next step is . %SW0202
executed at the next scan . %SW0203
period. C32 (Condition signals)
A01 %Z011101 Y
When a step advances, the
. %Z011102 N
conditions of each rule are . %Z011103 N
initialized once. .
A32 (Action signals)
THEN 02 03 04
ELSE
The step sequence executes only a single step at each scan period.
In this example, it may take 2 seconds or more to turn %Z011103 OFF,
after the step 01 was executed.
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Step Type Sequence Table
Rule
Basic operation 5:
Step 00 01 02 03 04
C01 %SW0200 Y
Step label 00 is executed at %SW0201 Y
.
each period. The step 00 can be . %SW0202 Y
described only at the head of a . %SW0203 Y
sequence table group. C32 (Condition signals)
* 1. The step 00 cannot be A01 %Z011101 Y
described as a next step label. . %Z011102 N
. %Z011103 N
.
* 2. The step 00 cannot be described A32 (Action signals)
on an extended sequence table. THEN 02 03 04
ELSE
Current step
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Timer Block (TM)
The sequence auxiliary blocks are provided such as a timer, a soft-
counter and so on.
%SW0500.PV ON Y
Timer count-up
%SW0500.PV H N
Start switch off
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Software Counter Block (CTS)
The software counter block (CTS) counts a number of times that
the condition is satisfied.
Processing Timing: TE
CT100.ACT ON Y
Counter update
CT100.ACT OFF Y
Counter stop
%SW0501.PV H N
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Types of Contact Output
Latched (H) type output:
The latched type output holds the current output status until ON or OFF
operation is executed.
e.g. %SW0501.PV.H
The latched and non-latched type output can also be applied for internal
switches, annunciator message outputs and so on.
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Types of Contact Output
Non-latched (L) type output:
The non-latched type output turns ON when logical computation result
becomes true and turns OFF when becomes not true.
e.g. %SW0501.PV.L
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Types of Contact Output
Flashing (F) type output:
The flashing type output starts flashing when ON operation is executed and
stops flashing when OFF operation is executed. In order to turn off the
current state, OFF operation as H type is required.
e.g. %Z011101.PV.F
The flashing type output can not be applied for internal switches,
annunciator message outputs and so on.
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Report Functions
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Process Status and Operation Record
The windows used for confirming the process status are Process Report
window and Historical Message Report window.
The Process Report window displays the current status of the function blocks
and input and output and the Historical Message Report window displays
alarms and messages triggered in the past and the operation history.
Toolbar
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Process Report Window
The process report is to collect information on the system operating
status and displays it in a window or prints to a printer depending on
the user’s request. The current status will be displayed or printed.
The following two types of reports are available in the Process
Report window.
• Tag report
• I/O report
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Tag Report
In a tag report, various statuses such as the function block
alarm status, mode and present value of process data are
displayed for each element.
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Tag Report Search
The tag report search is done using the Tag Report Search
dialog box. Tag names of the following elements can be the
object of a tag report.
• Function block (%BL)
• Annunciator (%AN)
• Common switch (%SW)
• Process I/O* (%Z)
• Global switch (%GS)
There are five tabs in the Tag
Report Search dialog box. It is
convenient to set frequently used
search conditions beforehand.
* Among the process I/O, only communication I/O with user-defined tag
names can be the object of a tag report.
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I/O Report
In the I/O report, the I/O status is displayed as a digital
value for each element.
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I/O Report Search
In the I/O report, the I/O status is displayed as a digital
value for each element. An I/O report can be searched by
station name or element type.
The following elements can be the objects of an I/O report:
• Annunciator (%AN)
• Common switch (%SW)
• Communication Input (%WB*)
• Communication Input (%WW*)
• Process I/O (%Z)
* %WB is the bit data of the communication input, while %WW is the word data input.
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Historical Message Report Window
The historical message report can retrieve process alarms or
the operation history stored within the HIS and display or print
messages related to all types of events related to the system
or a process that occurred in the past.
A historical message can be retrieved and displayed by
specifying message type, station name and tag name.
File selection
Redraw
Search
File save
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Historical Message Save
It is recommended to backup the historical message report
as it saves important operation reports and alarm messages.
Up to about 80,000 messages are saved in a HDD. If the
number of messages exceeds this, the messages will be
deleted starting with the oldest ones.
If the total number of the messages exceeds 65,536, MS Excel limit
warning dialog appears.
The messages are saved in the CSV format for easy utilization.
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Historical Message Selection
• File Type
When searching for a message that occurred at the time of system
generation, select [Engineering History]; when searching for a
message that occurred during operation and monitoring, select
[Operation and Monitoring Message].
• Directory
When the historical message save file is stored in the default folder,
select [Standard]; when the file is stored in a folder other than the
standard, select [Specify Directory].
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Historical Message Search
Each of the search conditions is set in the Search dialog box.
In the Report Search dialog box, there are five tabs to set up
search conditions. Select the tab to set for each search item.
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System Maintenance Functions
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System Maintenance Functions
The windows displaying the online system status and the
system alarm status and so on are provided with operation
environment to support system maintenance.
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System Status Overview Window
The System Status Overview window displays the status of all stations
and the communication buses in the V net comprising the system.
The status of the connected stations and the V net may be visually
confirmed by icon displays. Also, other system maintenance windows
may be called up from this window.
System alarm
window button
V-net 2 error
HIS setup button V-net 1 normal
HIS0123 normal
FCS0101 normal
FCS0102
communication error Present station display
(White background color)
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FCS Status Display Window
The FCS status display window can be called up with the FCS icon.
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FCS Status Display Window
Icons for SFCS status display window.
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System Alarm Window
The System Alarm window displays system alarm messages to
notify the user of system hardware (FCS down, card error etc.) in the
order with the most recent ones first. When an alarm occurs, the
alarm starts to buzz, and the button in the System Message window
and the LED for the system key on the operation keyboard begin to
flash.
System alarm
overview
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Adjust Time Dialog Box
Adjust Time dialog box sets and changes the date and
time of system in the domain.
The date and time set in the dialog box are applied to
the machines shown below.
• All the control stations in the same domain
• All HIS in the same domain
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HIS Setup Window
The HIS Setup window is used for displaying and changing the
current station’s information and operation settings.
The HIS Setup window can perform settings specific to the HIS
such as the operation and monitoring window display size setting,
printer setup and operation panel mode setting.
The tabs provided for each setting item are:
● Station ● Operation mark
● Printer ● Multimedia
● Buzzer ● Long term
● Display ● External recorder
● Window switching ● OPC
● Control bus ● Report
● Alarm ● Monitors
● Preset menu ● Process management
● Equalize ● Navigator
● Function Keys
Some of the tab sheets may not be displayed according to the installed package.
The tab sheets with are explained.
See Supplement IX. HIS Setup Window.
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Display Tab Sheet
Settings such as the operation screen mode and toolbar
button size are displayed in the Display tab. The contents of
the settings can also be changed.
Operation
screen mode
switching
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Window Switching Tab Sheet
In the Window Switching tab, the display size of the operation and
monitoring windows called up from the System Message window,
whether automatic window switching is enabled at the time a
process alarm or an operator guide message is generated, etc.,
are displayed. The setup items can also be changed.
Window switching
setup
Dynamic window
setup
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Preset Menu Tab Sheet
In the HIS, there is a function that allows frequently used
functions to be called up easily.
By presetting the functions to be called in the Preset Menu tab,
they can be called up from the System Message window.
Up to 32 functions can be set.
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Function Keys Tab Sheet
The function key assignments defined in the Function Key
Assignment Builder are displayed in the Function Keys tab.
Also, the function key assignment can be defined temporarily.
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Security Policy
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Security Overview (1)
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Security Overview (2)
The following two types of policies are available in CS 1000/CS
3000.
• HIS Security Policy
HIS security policy stipulates the scope of operation and monitoring
allowed on the Human Interface Station. Regardless of the logon
users, the operation performed to a device or to a function block data
item may be restricted.
• User Security Policy
User security policy stipulates the scope of operation and monitoring
for the users.
Each user is restricted to operate or monitor a certain scope of devices
and function block data items.
The scope of operation and monitoring permitted for an operator is
determined by a combination of HIS security and user security
settings.
General-purpose Windows applications follow the security policy of
Windows. The user of CENTUM is different from the user of Windows.
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Flow of Security Check
HIS operation
Security check
Operation
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HIS Security
The security level regarding operation and monitoring as well as the
operation and monitoring scope can be set for the HIS itself. The HIS
security check has a precedence over the user security check.
The operation and monitoring scope of the HIS is unrelated with the
operation and monitoring scope set for each user group.
The security level setting means to select either monitoring only machine
or monitoring and operation machine (default).
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User Security
The operations performed by the user are held as the operation record.
The operation record can be confirmed by the historical message report.
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User Privilege Levels
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Default User Names
Password is not required for OFFUSER but required for ONUSER and
ENGUSER, the password is user definable. The user group can be changed for
any user.
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Switching Users
In the HIS, switching the OFFUSER to a different user is
called user-in, and the user switching back to the
OFFUSER is called user-out.
To perform user-in or user-out, call up the User-In dialog box
from the System Message window and enter a user name and
the password.
User–in at HIS startup
OFFUSER
USER A USER B
User-in operation
User-out operation Change password button
When an automatic user out-time is defined, the user automatically changes to the
OFFUSER when the automatic user-out time elapsed.
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User Group
The range is set by the plant name. If the plant name is not used,
set by the station name and the control drawing.
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Default User Group
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Concepts of Scope and Privilege
Operation & monitoring scope of HIS0124.
Operation & monitoring scope of user Group-AB.
Whole Plant
Users in Group-AB:
OPS1-A: Monitoring
OPS2-A: Operation and monitoring Equipment
OPS3-A: Operation, monitoring and maintenance E
• Users of privilege level S1 or S2 cannot start System View from the system
message window, but can start and operate System View from [Start Menu].
• Users of privilege level S1 can operate and monitor general windows. However,
they can only monitor important windows and system operation windows excluding
System View.
• Users of privilege level S2 can operate and monitor general and important
windows. However, they can only monitor system operation windows excluding
System View.
• Users of privilege level S3 can operate and monitor all windows.
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Function Block Security
The attributes of function blocks contain security levels, tag
mark types and alarm processing levels. The attributes can
be defined to each function block in engineering. There is no
restriction on the combination of security levels, tag mark
types and alarm processing levels.
The tables below show the relationship of the function block’s data items
and the privilege levels in operation and monitoring rights.
R: Monitoring W: Operation
The tables on operation and monitoring authority are fixed and cannot be edited.
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Function Block Security
Level 2
Level 4
(Default)
Level 6
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Mode Selection Key
When the HIS is connected with an operation keyboard, the privilege
level of the user may be changed temporarily using the mode
selection key on the keyboard. The privilege level changed on the
keyboard has higher priority than the level set in the user-in dialog box.
The following two mode selection keys are used to switch the security level:
• Operation key (Privilege level S2)
The key can be switched between the ON and OFF positions only.
• Engineering key (Privilege level S3)
The key can be switched to any position.
In the case of the operation key When the engineering key is selected.
Changes between The key can be switched
the ON, OFF positions. to any position.
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Operation Mark
INHIBIT
Color and comment label may be defined with HIS Setup function.
If the builder file is downloaded, that file replaces the current file.
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Types of Operation Marks
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Install or Remove Operation Mark
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FCS Common
PART-A
FCS Common
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FCS Common
Reference: IM33S01B30-01E
Field Control Station PART-A FCS Common
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FCS Basic Definitions
PART-A 1
FCS Basic Definition
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FCS Property
On the creation of FCS, define FCS type, station number,
database type and so on with the property window.
Station number
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FCS Property
The database type define window.
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FCS Database Types
Regulatory control /
700 2000 300 400
calculation blocks
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FCS Property
The high speed scan periods and the network protocols are
defined by FCS property dialog.
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FCS Constants
Detailed definitions of the FCS can be set with the StnDef
(FCS constants builder) file in the CONFIGURATION folder.
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FCS Start Conditions
When FCS starts at the time of power recovery after the
power failure, the condition either initialized start or restart is
referred to as the start condition.
Three selectable conditions are available:
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Flow of FCS Start
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FCS Start Processing
Two types of start processing:
PART-A 2
FCS Function Overview
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Configuration of FCS Functions
FCS control functions consist of the basic control functions, the
software I/O functions and I/O interface functions. The basic control
functions have various function blocks that perform control
computations. The I/O interfaces include the process I/O and other
interface functions.
FCS
I/O interfaces
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Function Block and Control Drawing
The function blocks, which are the minimum elements
consisting the basic control function, and the control
drawings, which connect multiple function blocks, configure
the FCS control functions hierarchically.
TIC100
PID
Function block Control drawing
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Function Block
Function block:
The function block is the minimum element that executes control
computations.
Regulatory control blocks, sequential control blocks, computation
blocks, SFC blocks are the function blocks.
The control functions can be described like an instrumentation flow
sheet by connecting regulatory control, sequential control and
computation blocks.
Every function block should have a tag name and be stated on a
control drawing.
Function blocks
(Regulatory control, Computation, Sequential control)
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Control Drawing
Control drawing:
A unit of control consists of more than one function block is
referred to as a control drawing.
The control drawing builder is used to configure the basic
functions of the FCS. With the builder, operations such as
registering function blocks in the drawing file and determining
the flow of data between function blocks can be performed
graphically.
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Control Drawing
CS1000/CS3000
The features of the control
drawing are as follows: Regulatory Calculation
control blocks blocks
1) A single control drawing can Sequential
include different types of control blocks
function blocks, like regulatory Control drawing
control blocks and sequential
control blocks.
FCS
2) No restrictions of signal Regulatory control
functions
transmission between control
drawings. A function block can Calculation
be connected to the function functions
block on another control
Sequential control
drawing. functions
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Control Drawing
FCS0101
DR0001 DR0002 DR0025 DR0050
FCS0102
DR0012 DR0013
AREAOUT block connection
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Control Drawing
In order to add or edit function blocks, click on the control
drawing file (DRnnnn) in the FUNCTION_BLOCK folder.
Control drawing
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I/O Functions of FCS (Process I/O)
PART-A 3
I/O Functions of FCS
A3.1. Process I/O
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I/O Functions of FCS
I/O interfaces
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Process I/O
Analog input:
Current input, voltage input, mV input, TC input, RTD input,
potentiometer input, pulse train input.
Analog output:
Current output, voltage output.
Contact input:
Contact ON/OFF input signals from field devices to the FCS. Two
types of signals exist; status signals and push button signals.
Contact output:
Contact ON/OFF output signals from the FCS to field devices.
(The status output signals of a status type I/O module can be
manipulated in the following styles:
Latched type, non-latched type, pulse type and flashing type output.)
By combining the I/O module with a barrier, an intrinsically safe loop can be constructed.
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-A FCS Common, A3 Process Inputs/Outputs.
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Types of Contact Output
Latched (H) type output:
The latched type output holds the current output status until ON
or OFF operation is executed.
The latched and non-latched type output can also be applied for internal
switches, annunciator message outputs and so on.
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Types of Contact Output
Non-latched (L) type output:
The non-latched type output turns ON when logical computation
result becomes true and turns OFF when becomes not true.
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Types of Contact Output
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Types of Contact Output
Flashing (F) type output:
The flashing type output starts flashing when ON operation is
executed and stops flashing when OFF operation is executed. In
order to turn off the current state, OFF operation as H type is
required.
The flashing type output can not be applied for internal switches,
annunciator message outputs and so on.
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I/O Module Definition
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I/O Module Definition
“Create New” function of IOM folder in the FCS folder
may be used to create or add the I/O modules installed
to the FCS (an example for SFCS).
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I/O Module Definition
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I/O Module Definition
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I/O Module Definition
Detailed setting items related to the hardware for each I/O module
can be defined with ‘Set details’ dialog on the ‘Tool’ tab.
(IOP detection, OOP detection, square root extraction and so on.)
IOP detection
Square-root extraction
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-A FCS Common, A2 Outline of Input and Output Interfaces.
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Terminal Number of Process I/O
The FCS builder is common for all types of FCS. The differences lie only on IOM
installation specifications and the process I/O terminal specifications. Other
specifications are independent to the hardware. Not necessary to consider the type
of FCS in engineering.
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I/O Functions of FCS (Software I/O)
PART-A 3
I/O Functions of FCS
A3.2. Software I/O
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Roles of Software I/O
The software I/O may be used for operation tests and for
status operations in the sequential control.
I/O interfaces
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Software I/O
The software I/O enables data setting or data reference to or from
other function blocks or applications same as in the process I/O.
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Examples of Using Software I/O
Internal switch (Start switch) Message Output
TIC101
Heating
PID
FIC101
PID
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Data Formats of Software I/O
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Software I/O Output Destination
The table below shows the output destinations of the software I/O:
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Internal Switches
The internal switch (Global switches and Common switches) definition
files are in the SWITCH folder in the FCS folder. Define them before use.
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Common Switches (%SW)
The common switches are one of internal switches shared by
various control functions in the FCS to hold logical values.
The common switches do not output the logical values. The
control functions execute condition testing or status
manipulation of the switches.
Condition testing
%SWnnnn.PV ON/OFF nnnn: Element number
Status manipulation
%SWnnnn.PV H/L H = Latched output
L = Non-latched output
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Common Switches for System
The common switches for the system use are the common
switches from %SW0001 to %SW0400 exclusively used for the
system. Users, however, can refer their status.
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Global Switches (%GS)
The global switches share the same logical values
between all stations in a system (same domain).
Any applications in the station can read and write the global
switch status of the own station.
Link
FCS01 transmission FCS02
R: Read enabled
FCS FCS
Station1(R/W) Station1(R) W: Write enabled
FCS FCS
Station2 Station2(R/W)
(R)
V net
Only CS3000 and CS1000 enhanced type can use the global switches.
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Using Global Switches
The global switches can be effectively used for sending
signals to or referring the status of control equipment in
other control stations.
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Scan Transmission Definition
To transfer or receive the values of global switches between
stations, define scan transmission with the FCS constants
definition builder. (Default setting is no transmission.)
Transmission for
individual station.
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Global Switches
Condition testing
%GSnnnmm.PV ON/OFF
nnn: Element number (001 – 256)
mm: Station number (can be omitted for the own station)
Status manipulation
%GSnnn.PV H/L H = Latched output
L = Non-latched output
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Message Outputs
The definition files of the message outputs (annunciator
messages, operator guide messages and so on) are in
MESSAGE folder in the FCS folder. Define them before use.
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Annunciator Messages (%AN)
Condition testing
%ANnnnn.PV ON/OFF nnnn: Element number
Status manipulation
%ANnnnn.PV H/L H = Latched output
L = Non-latched output
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Annunciator Message (%AN)
The alarm processing levels can be defined for each annunciator
message. The relations between the alarm processing levels and
the alarm state transitions are as follows:
• High-priority alarm: Lock type, Repeated warning alarm provided
• Medium-priority alarm: Lock type
Alarm processing
• Low-priority alarm: Non-lock type
level setting
• Logging alarm: Self-acknowledge type
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Annunciator Message (%AN)
The occurrence of an annunciator message is shown below:
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Annunciator Message
Lock type (High and medium-priority alarms)
Alarm
Acknowledgement Alarm
present state
present state
Flashing
Flashing
ON
OFF Re-warning
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Annunciator Message
Alarm
Alarm priority levels absent state
and state transitions Flashing
OFF
of the annunciator
message. Occurrence
Recovery
Recovery
Acknowledgement
Alarm
Alarm
present state
present state
Flashing
Flashing
Re-warning ON
OFF
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Annunciator Message
Alarm
absent state
Alarm priority levels and Flashing
state transitions of the OFF
annunciator message.
Recovery Occurrence
Alarm
present state
Flashing
OFF
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Re-warning Alarm
The re-warning alarm function for the annunciator message
output is provided to output the message again if the alarm
condition continues existing over the set period (time-repeated
warning) regardless of the operator’s acknowledgement.
• Timer-repeated warning:
Time repeated warnings are for
high-priority alarm.
• Event-repeated warning:
Event repeated warnings can
be applied regardless of the
alarm priority. Re-warning alarm cycle: 0 to 3600 seconds.
Default setting is 600 seconds.
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Re-warning Alarm
• Timer repeated warning:
The timer repeated warning function outputs the message at
each repeated warning cycle.
Operation by re-warning
Acknowledgment
Operation by re-warning
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Operator Guide Message (%OG)
• Specification:
%OGnnnn.PV NON nnnn: Element number
%OG0001 to 0100 for CS1000
%OG0001 to 0200 for CS3000
• Designations:
Display on the operator guide window.
Generation of an electronic sound.
Flashing of the operator guide mark in the operator guide
window.
Output to a printer.
Logging into a file.
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Operator Guide Message (%OG)
The occurrence of an operator guide message is shown below:
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Message Output Functions
Operator guide message output (%OG) Yes Yes Electronic sounds, display
Multi-media function start message output (%VM) No Yes Multi-media function start
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Function Blocks
PART-B
Function Blocks
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Function Blocks
Reference: IM33S01B30-01E
PART-C Function Block Common
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Structure of Function Blocks
PART-B 1
Structure of Function Blocks
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Structure of Function Blocks
The structure of regulatory control function block PID:
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Function Block Creation and Wiring
An example of a function block creation and wiring on a control drawing:
Create a connection
between function blocks,
a function block and I/O
with a wiring Icon.
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I/O Connection
PART-B 2
I/O Connection
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I/O Connection
By performing the I/O connections, data can be exchanged
between a function block and the connection destination
according to the connection method.
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Data Connection
The data connection can exchange data values and data
status between a data item and a connected destination of
specified elements.
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Data Connection Destinations
• Data connection to other function bocks => Data items of other function blocks.
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Data Connection with Process I/O
There are two types of data connections with the process I/O:
The data reference from a process input module and the data
setting to a process output module.
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Data Connection with Function Blocks
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Terminal Connection
The terminal connection specifies an input or an output
terminal of another function block as the connection
destination of the function block. Examples often used
are shown below:
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Terminal Connection
In the cascade control, the terminal (OUT) of the function
block in the upstream is connected to the set terminal
(SET) of the function block in the downstream.
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Terminal and Data Connection
Whatever the switch block is used or not, the connection between two
function blocks (PID and AS-H) should be the terminal connection.
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Sequence Connection
In the sequential control, the processing done on reading data from the
connection destination is referred to as [Condition testing], the
processing done on writing data into the connection destination is
referred to as [Status manipulation].
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Connection between Drawings/Stations
A data item or an I/O terminal of the function block in a control
drawing can be connected to the I/O terminal or a data item of
the function block in another control drawing or control station.
The following diagram shows an example of cascade control using the
connection between control stations (FCS).
ADL
Function block Function block
SET
IN OUT IN OUT
PID PID
DR0021 DR0022
LDLAG block
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Data Connection between Stations
The AREAOUT block enables the connections between control stations.
The inter-station connection block (ADL) is automatically generated.
FCS0101 FCS0102
LDLAG block
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Input Processing
PART-B 3
Input Processing
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Input Processing
The processing that performs before control computation for
the input signal read from the connection destination is called
“Input processing”.
Apply the 1st order lag filter to
Input signal conversion the signal from the input signal
conversion function to get PV.
PV/FV
No conversion
overshoot CAL
BAD
CAL PV
Analog input
square root Digital
Input RAW extraction filter
module The function to integrate
the signal from the input
Pulse train
input signal conversion function.
Read the input conversion CAL
signal from the BAD
process Input Communication Integration SUM
input
module or other conversion
function blocks.
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Overview of Input Processing
The input processing common to regulatory control blocks and
calculation blocks are as follows:
• Input signal conversion (No conversion, square root extraction, pulse train
conversion, communication input conversion and so on.)
• Digital filter
• Integration
• OV/FV/CPV
overshoot
• Calibration
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Analog Input Square Root Extraction
When a differential pressure transmitter is used, in order to
convert from the analog input signal (differential pressure
signal) into the signal of the flow (flow signal), the square root
extraction is performed.
For the square root extraction, low
input cut-off value can be set.
This function changes the value after the square root extraction to zero when the
input signal is below low input cut-off value. It improves the accuracy at very low
flow rate.
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Square Root Extraction
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Pulse-Train Input Conversion
A process variable (PV) is calculated based on the
integrated pulse count value (P) read from the pulse-train
input and its measurement time (t).
For the pulse-train input, a pulse rate (default is 1 Hz) and an input
buffer size (default is AUT) must be specified.
Pulse Rate (P-rate) refers to the input pulse frequency measured when the PV
is at the scale high limit.
See Supplement IV. Pulse Train Input Conversion.
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Communication Input Conversion
Communication input conversion performs [Data conversion]
and [High/low-limit check] for the input data read from the
communication module.
Data conversion:
With the communication input, the raw input data read from the input
terminal may be in the specific format. The data need to be converted
into process variable (PV) with the engineering unit.
M=GAIN·N+BIAS
M: PV
N: Communication input
GAIN: Conversion gain
(default is 1.000)
BIAS: Conversion bias
(default is 0.000)
High/low-limit check:
In order to induce the input open alarm status in the function block,
the high/low-limit check is performed.
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Digital Filter
The digital filter is the function to reduce the noises from the
process input signal by means of the first-order lag filter.
Three coefficients are provided: Coefficient 1, 2 and 3.
Yn=(1-α)·X+ α·Yn-1 Yn = Current filtering data
Yn-1 = Previous filtering data
X = Input data
α = Filter coefficient
α= 0.5
(default setting)
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Integration
Integration refers to the function in which the input signal or
the value after the input processing is integrated.
• The integration performs integration processing for the
calculated value before the digital filtering.
• In the calibration mode (CAL), the PV value is integrated.
• The time scale is selected from second, minute, hour or day.
• The maximum number of totalized digits is 8. When the
totalized digits exceed 8, the totalized values are reset to zero
and integration continues.
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PV/FV/CPV Overshoot
The PV overshoot refers to the function block in which the
process variable (PV) is coincided with the scale high-limit (SH)
or the scale low-limit (SL) when the data status is invalid (BAD).
(PV/CPV overshoot functions when the I/O connection method is the process
connection. FV overshoot functions only for the motor control function blocks.)
With “Holding PV,” when the data status of process variable (PV) becomes
invalid, the last good process variable is held.
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Control Computation Processing
PART-B 4
Control Computation Processing
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Control Computation Processing
The PID control computation in the PID control function block
calculates a manipulated output change (ΔMV) with the specified PID
control algorithm. And then either velocity form or positional form
output action converts the ΔMV to MV.
The figure below shows a block diagram of PID control computation:
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Output Processing
PART-B 5
Output Processing
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Output Processing
Output processing refers to the processing that is executed to the
values obtained from the control computation before output it.
AUT/CAS/RCAS/PRD AUT/CAS/RCAS/ROUT/PRD
Preset MV
MH ML
Control Output +
computation limiter + ΔMV limiter MV
- +
ROUT TRK
RMV
MVrb Output
conversion
Aux. output No
conversion
TIN SUB OUT
Output
module
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Output Processing
• Output limiter
• Output velocity limiter
• Output clamp
• Preset manipulated output
• Output tracking
• Output range tracking
• Manipulated output index
• Output conversion (no conversion, pulse width output conversion,
communication output conversion and so on)
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Output Limiter
High/low limit
expansion function
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Output Velocity Limiter
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Output Clamp
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Preset Manipulated Output
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Output Tracking
The output tracking is the function that forces the output
value to match the value of the output destination or the
value of the tracking input value.
TIC101
Output tracking [In TRK (tracking) mode and
PID IMAN (initialization manual) mode]
MV
OUT
Terminal connection
SET
FIC101
PID
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Output Range Tracking
The output range tracking is the function that forces the scale
high/low-limit of the MV to match those of the output destination,
and the values of data items related to the MV are recalculated
whenever the scale high/low-limit changes.
Terminal connection
SET
PID
SH
SL
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Manipulated Output Index
The manipulated output indexes show the permissible
range of the manual MV at normal operation. The manual
output index is only available for regulatory control blocks.
Permissible MV
range
(OPHI, OPLO)
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Output Signal Conversion
The output signal conversion converts the result of control
calculation to an output format for the output modules or other
function blocks.
The output signal conversion may be used for the processes common to
the regulatory control blocks and the calculation blocks, and for the
processes for the specific function blocks.
Output signal conversion processes common to function blocks and
calculation blocks:
• No conversion
• Pulse width output conversion (only for regulatory control blocks)
• Communication output conversion
Output signal conversion processes for specific function
blocks:
• Motor control block output
• 2 or 3-position ON/OFF controller output
• Time proportional ON/OFF controller output
• Flow/mass totalizing batch set block output
• Pulse count block output
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Output Signal Conversion
When the regulatory control block outputs to the analog output
module, the tight-shut or the full-open functions and the direction
of analog output can be defined.
Default is -17.19% (Ms) and 106.25% (Mf). The negative direction can be set with detailed
setting in the IOM builder.
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Alarm Processing - FCS
PART-B 6
Alarm Processing - FCS
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Alarm Processing - FCS
Function
blocks The function that The function that
detects abnormality of summarizes the results of
Alarm setpoint the process from PV, the alarm detection
values MV and other values. function and notifies the
operation and monitoring
Re-warning alarm functions as a message.
Alarm Alarm
Process notification
detection Alarm status
data function function
Alarm message
Acknowledgement
operation
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Alarm Detection Function
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Input Open Alarm Check
The input open alarm check generates the high/low limit input
open alarm (IOP, IOP-) when the input value is out of the
range of the high/low limit input open detection setpoint.
The Input open alarm check is performed by the input module. The function
blocks that are connected directly to the input module receives the check
results from the input module as a data status, and the high and low limit
input open alarm is activated or recovered.
* However, when the cause of the invalidity (BAD) data status is low-limit
input open, the low-limit input open alarm (IOP-) is activated and the high-
limit input open alarm (IOP) is not activated.
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HH, PH, PL and LL Alarm Check
The input high-high limit, high limit, low limit and low-low
limit alarm check may generate an alarm to indicate that
the input signal is in high-high, high, low and low-low
alarming status (HH, HI, LO, LL).
Hysteresis (HYS):
Engineering unit data within the range of
0 to PV scale span, or percentage data
for the PV scale span. When specifying
percentage data, add % after the
numeric value. The default is 2.0 %.
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Velocity Alarm Check
The input velocity alarm check may generate an alarm to
indicate that the velocity in positive direction (VEL+) or
velocity in negative direction (VEL-) is in alarming status.
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Deviation Alarm Check
The deviation alarm check may generate an alarm to indicate
that the deviation (DV=PV-SV) in positive direction (DV+) or the
deviation in negative direction (DV-) is in alarming status.
To prevent occurrence of the undesired alarm caused by abrupt set value change or set
value ramp, the velocity change speed (derivative value) of the setpoint value (SV) is
used as the deviation alarm setpoint value correction factor (r) to compensate the
deviation alarm setpoint value (DL).
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Output Open Alarm Check
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MH and ML Alarm Check
The output high and low limit alarm check is a function that
determines whether the manipulated output value (MV)
exceeds the range of the manipulated output variable high-
limit/ low-limit setpoint (MH, ML) for the output limiter.
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Alarm Messages
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Process Alarm Message
The occurrence of a process alarm message is shown below:
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Process Alarm Notification Flow
System message window Process alarm window
Graphic window
Related window
✓
Process
alarm Alarm
occurrence acknowledgement
Navigator window
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Deactivate Alarm Detection and Alarm Off
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Alarm Related Builders
Three alarm related builders are provided in COMMON folder:
Alarm priority: For the 5 alarm priorities, output operations and alarm
actions are specified.
Alarm status character string: Up to 32 alarm status labels for each
function block are defined.
Alarm processing table: Up to 16 alarm processing levels can be defined.
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Alarm Priority
The following table shows the alarm processing according
to the alarm priority:
Operation and monitoring function: FCS functions:
• With or without window display • Operation at alarm occurrence
• With or without printing • With or without repeated warning alarm
• With or without file save • Alarm operation at recovery
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Alarm Processing Level
With the alarm processing level, the alarm priority level can be
specified for each function block or element.
There are 16 alarm processing levels*. The alarm priority and
alarm colors of all alarms occurred in a function block or an
element are defined for each processing level.
* The alarm processing level can be designated in the Function Block Overview
Builder and the Function Block Detail Builder.
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Alarm Actions
High and medium priority alarm.
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Alarm Status Character String
System fixed alarm status character string for the PID control
function block is shown in the table below:
Bit
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
position
Alarm
CAL
NR
OOP
IOP
IOP-
HH
LL
status
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
HI
LO
DV+
DV-
VEL+
VEL-
MHI
MLO
CNF
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Alarm Processing Table
Alarm status bit positions 1 to 6 are not displayed in a window
because they are system-fixed. Alarm processing level Nos. 1
to 4 are also system-fixed. The user can designate the color
and the priority for alarm processing level Nos. 5 to 16 for alarm
status bit positions 7 to 32.
Alarm status bit position Alarm processing level number
System-fixed User-defined
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System-fixed Alarm Status Change (1)
Bit position assignment of the PID controller block is shown in the previous
slide. If we want to designate the “HH” and “LL” alarms in a PID function
block to be processed as a high-priority alarm, and displayed in magenta,
while “HI” and “LO” alarms to be processed as a medium-priority alarm, and
displayed in orange, do the following:
1. In the Alarm Processing Table Builder, designate [M: Magenta] for [Color (5)],
and [1: High-priority Alarm] for [Priority (5)] for bit positions 13 (HH) and 14
(LL) on the alarm processing level No.5. Next, designate [OR: Orange] for
[Color (5)], and [2: Medium-priority Alarm] for [Priority (5)]. for bit positions 17
(HI) and 18 (LO).
(The alarm priority after bit position 19 should be the medium priority alarm as
the higher priority to be designated in ascending order of the bit position.)
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System-fixed Alarm Status Change (2)
Designate magenta
Designate orange
2. Select the [Alarm] tab in the Function Block Detail Builder, and then
select [5: User-defined Alarm Process (5)] at [Alarm Processing
Level].
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Block Mode and Status
PART-B 7
Block Mode and Status
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Block Mode and Status
Block mode and status are the information that represent the
conditions of the function blocks.
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-C Function Block Common, C6 Block Mode and Status.
See also Supplement VI. Block Status, Alarm Status, Data Status.
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Block Mode
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Basic Block Modes
O/S: (Out of Service) All functions of the function block are currently stopped.
IMAN: (Initialization MANual) Calculation processing and output processing are
currently stopped.
TRK: (TRacKing) Calculation processing is currently stopped and the specified
value is forced to be output.
MAN: (MANual) Calculation processing is currently stopped and the manipulated
output value, which is set manually, is output.
AUT: (AUTomatic) Calculation processing is being executed and the calculation
result is output.
CAS: (CAScade) Calculation processing is being executed, the set value CSV is
from the cascade
connected upstream block, and the calculation result referred to this CSV is
output.
PRD: (PRimary Direct) Calculation processing is currently stopped, the set value
CSV is from the cascade connected upstream block, this CSV is output directly.
RCAS: (Remote CAScade) An control and calculation processing is being
executed using the remote setpoint value (RSV) which is set remotely from a
supervisory system computer, and the calculation results is output.
ROUT: (Remote OUTput) Calculation processing is currently stopped, and the
remote manipulated output value (RMV) which is set remotely from a supervisory
system computer is output directly.
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Tracking Mode (TRK)
The tracking mode is used to switch the MV from one function
block to another function block balance-less bump-less.
When the tracking switch (TSW) is ON (1), the data for the TIN terminal is
output. When TSW is OFF (0), PID computation result is the output.
TSW input 0 SV
FIC PV
1
Switch
SV
1
PIC PV
1 0 – 100 kPa 0 – 100 Nm3/min
TIN data
Pressure Flow
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Primary Direct Mode (PRD)
[PRD]
S’ry Controller
[AUT]
SV2 CAS CAS
SV1 P’ry MV1 Control Output MV2
Controller Computation Processing
PRD PRD
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Basic Block Modes Relationship
Priority level
4
O/S High
IMAN 3
Complementary
relationship TRK 2
Exclusive relationship
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Block Mode Change Interlock
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Status
Block status:
A block status is the information that represents the operating state of a
function block. Some function blocks do not have any block status.
e.g. PALM, CTUP status of TM block
Alarm status:
An alarm status is the information that represents the alarm state of a
process which was detected by the function block.
e.g. HI, LO status of PID block
Data status:
A data status is the information that represents the quality of data. The
status passes from a function block to another by I/O operation. The data
status if observed when various exceptional events occurred due to
abnormality in the process input or calculation.
e.g. BAD, IOP status of data
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Processing Timing
PART-B 8
Processing Timing
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Processing Timing
An individual function block executes an input, a calculation
or an output processing according to the processing timing.
There are four types of the processing timing:
• Periodic execution:
Executed repeatedly with preset period.
• One-shot execution:
Executed only once when invoked from another function block.
• Initial execution:
Executed when FCS executes cold start operation.
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Processing Timing
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Processing Timing
The processing timing that activates the individual function
blocks and control drawings are determined by the following
factors in the periodic execution of the regulatory control blocks:
Scan period: (Some FCSs have no
Basic scan, medium-speed scan, high-speed scan. medium-scan period.)
Execution order of processing:
Control drawings are executed in order of the drawing number. Function blocks in
one control drawing are executed ion order of the function block number.
Process I/O processing timing:
The processing timing varies by the analog I/O and status I/O.
Control period of regulatory control block:
A regulatory control block has a control period besides the scan period.
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Scan Periods
Scan period determines a period for the periodic execution of the
function block. There are three types of scan periods: basic scan,
medium-speed scan and high-speed scan.
● Basic Scan
The basic scan is a standard scan period which is common to function blocks.
The basic scan period is fixed to 1 second. This cannot be changed.
● Medium-Speed Scan (LFCS/KFCS)
The medium-speed scan is a scan period suited for the process control that requires
quicker response than what can be achieved with the basic scan setting. Setting
value of the medium-speed scan can be selected by each FCS according to its use.
Setting value of the medium-speed scan can be changed on System View:
• Medium-speed scan period: Select “200 ms” or “500 ms.” The default is “500 ms.”
● High-Speed Scan
The high-speed scan is a scan period suited for the process control that requires
high-speed response. Setting value of the high-speed scan can be selected by each
FCS according to its use.
Setting value of the high-speed scan can be changed on System View:
• High-speed scan period: Select “50 ms,” “100 ms,” “200 ms” or “500 ms.” The
default is “200 ms.”
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Execution Order
The groups of high-speed scan function blocks in three drawings are
indicated as A, B and C. Similarly, the groups of medium-speed scan
function blocks, A’, B’ and C’; and the basic scan function blocks, a, b and c.
3rd priority
2nd priority
1st priority
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Control Period
Among the regulatory control blocks, the controller block has a
control period besides the processing period. The control period is
the period that the controller block executes control computation
and output processing during the automatic operation.
The control period is always an integer multiple of the scan period of 1 second.
Input and alarm processing are performed at each scan period.
In ‘Automatic determination’, the control period is defined in accordance with the integral
time.
High- Medium- Speed Scan
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Regulatory Control Functions
PART-C
Regulatory Control Functions
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Regulatory Control Functions
Reference: IM33S01B30-01E
PART-D Function Block Details, D1 Regulatory Control
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Regulatory Control Positioning
PART-C 1
Regulatory Control Positioning
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Regulatory Control Positioning
The regulatory control block performs control
computation processing using analog process variables
and so on for the process monitoring and control.
FCS
I/O interfaces
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Regulatory Control Block Structure
PART-C 2
Regulatory Control Block Structure
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Regulatory Control Block Structure
The structure of regulatory control function block PID:
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Data Items and Terminals
The following list shows the data items and the terminals
of the PID control function block:
*1
*2
*3 *5
*3 *1
*4 *5
*2
*3
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Types of Regulatory Control Block
PART-C 3
Types of Regulatory Control Blocks
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Types of Regulatory Control Block
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Controller Blocks
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Control Computation
PART-C 4
Control Computation of Control Block
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PID Control Computation
The PID control computation in the PID control function block
calculates a manipulated output change (ΔMV) with the specified PID
control algorithm. And then either velocity form or positional form
output action converts the ΔMV to MV.
The figure below shows a block diagram of PID control computation:
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-D Function Block Details, D1.5 PID Controller Block (PID).
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PID Control Algorithms (1)
The PID control computation is the core of the PID control computation
processing, calculating a manipulated output change (ΔMV) by using
the PID control algorithms. The PID control is the most widely used, it
combines three types of actions: proportional, integral and derivative.
The figure below shows a block diagram of PID control computation:
Control action
(PV) (P) bypass
(DV)
(PV)
Control action
(D) bypass
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PID Control Algorithms (2)
There are five control algorithms to perform PID computation:
Basic type PID control (PID): A quick response for the SV change can be expected.
PV proportional and derivative type PID control (I-PD): SV may be changed not
considering bump.
PV derivative type PID control (PI-D): Relatively good response for the SV change
can be expected.
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Control Action Bypass
To set the control action bypass, specify “0” to the set parameter P or D, as
shown in the table above. The proportional gain (Kp) is fixed to “1” when only
integral action is required.
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Control Output Action
The control output action converts the difference of MV (ΔMV)
into the manipulated output (MVn) at each control period.
Velocity form:
Adds ΔMV to the read-back value (MVrb) from the destination.
MVn = MVrb + ΔMV
Positional form: (default setting)
Adds the difference of the current manipulated output (ΔMVn) to the previous
output (MVn-1).
MVn = MVn-1 + ΔMVn
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Control Action Direction
The control action direction function switches between direct
(increase) action and reverse (decrease) action that shows increase
or decrease of the manipulated output value (MV) corresponding to
the changes of the process variable (PV).
Direct (Increase) action:
When the SV is fixed, the control action in which the
manipulated variable (MV) increases as the process
variable (PV) increases.
Reverse (Decrease) action (default setting): Direct
When the SV is fixed, the control action in which the action
manipulated variable (MV) increases as the process
variable (PV) decreases.
MV PV
Reverse
action
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Process Variable Tracking
When the block mode is switched from manual (MAN) mode to
automatic (AUT) mode, if a large deviation exists, the manipulated
output (MV) changes the quickly. To prevent this change, the
measurement racking function equals the setpoint variable (SV) to
the process variable (PV) in the MAN mode.
PV SV
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Control Computation Processing (1)
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Control Computation Processing (2)
I/O compensation: Adds the I/O compensation value (VN) received from
outside to the input signal or the control output signal of PID computation
when the controller block is in MAN.
Either Input compensation (used for the dead-band compensation control)
or output compensation (used for the feedforward control) is selectable.
Setpoint value limiter: Limits the setpoint value (SV) within the setpoint
High/low limits (SVH, SVL).
Setpoint value pushback: Causes two of the three setpoint values (SV,
CSV, RSV) to agree with the remaining one.
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Operation and Monitoring Functions
PART-D
Operation and Monitoring Functions
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Operation and Monitoring Functions
Reference: IM33S01B30-01E
PART-E Human Interface Station
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Engineering Procedures
PART-D 1
Engineering Procedures
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Engineering Procedures
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Engineering Procedures
HIS constant definition
PART-D 2
Basic Definitions of HIS
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HIS Property
At the creation of new HIS, device type, station number,
network and so on are to be defined with the property window.
Device type
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HIS Property
Buzzer acknowledgment ID
Operation group ID
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Buzzer ACK ID
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Operation Group
Group identifier:
• Up to 8 alphanumeric characters. The first two characters are for an
ID, and the characters from the third are for comment text.
• The wild card [*] may be used.
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Definition of HIS Constants
Details of HIS can be defined on each item with the OpeconDef file in
the CONFIGURATION folder in the HIS folder.
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Definition of HIS Constants
Definition of the HIS attribute and the scope of operation
with the security window.
Definition of
the user group
to which that
HIS belongs.
The Long-term
Data Save is
intended for the
long-term storage
of trend data.
(optional package)
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HIS Constants and HIS Setup
Message printout, security and so on are defined with the HIS
constants definition window.
Setup of the printer output, window switching, screen mode and so
on are set with HIS Setup window.
System
Status
Overview
See TE33Q4T30-01E
Fundamental Course Textbook.
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Operation and Monitoring Functions
PART-D 3
Operation and Monitoring Functions
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Operation and Monitoring Window
The operation and monitoring windows include the built-in system
windows and user-defined windows that can define applications
and display contents freely at the system generation.
Number of user-defined windows: CS3000 = 4000 / HIS, CS1000 = 1000 / HIS
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Window Attributes
Attributes and other functions can be defined for each window.
A window may be
Definition of window operation
named as desired.
and monitoring authority.
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Operation and Monitoring Authority
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Trend Recording Function
PART-D 4
Trend Recording Function
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Trend Recording Function
The trend recording function periodically gathers process data such
as temperature, pressure, flow and so on from an FCS with HIS. The
acquired data may be displayed as trend graphs.
Trend window /
Closing Trend point window
processing TG0101
1 FIC100.PV
2 TIC200.PV
Process data from Trend data 3 LIC300.PV
the FCS within the collection
security scope. SaveAS
Long-term
trend
* Optional
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Trend Recording Function
The trend recording consists of the three layers of the trend
blocks, the trend windows and the trend point windows.
Trend block Trend group Trend window
Trend block 01 Trend group 1 TG0101
TR0001 TG0101 1 FIC100.PV
Trend block 02 Trend group 2 2 TIC200.PV
TR0002 TG0102 3 LIC300.PV
Trend group 3 4
Trend block 03
TG0103 5
TR0003 6
7
8
Trend group 16 Trend point window
TG0116
LIC300.PV
Trend window name 3 LIC300.PV
Trend block 50 TGbbgg
TR0050 bb: Block number
gg: Group number
Each trend block can
specifies trend type and
sampling period. Maximum number trend blocks for CS1000 is 8.
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Structure of Trend
Trend block:
A trend block is comprised of 16 units of trend windows.
There are 50 trend blocks (CS3000) per HIS. Up to 20 of the 50 trend
blocks can be defined as the trend of own station. The remaining 30 trend
blocks are defined as the trend of other stations. (8 trend blocks for CS1000
and no trend of other stations)
The trend format and sampling period are defined for each trend block.
Trend window:
8-pen trend data can be assigned to a trend window. There are 800 trend
windows (CS3000) per HIS. (128 windows for CS1000)
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Trend Data Acquisition Types
The data acquisition includes the following four types:
Continuous-rotary type:
Process data are acquired constantly. Data acquisition starts automatically
after starting the operation and monitoring functions. When the storage
capacity becomes full, the oldest data are deleted and replaced by new
data.
Batch-stop type:
Data acquisition starts and stops according to the received command.
When the storage capacity becomes full, data acquisition stops.
Batch-rotary type:
Data acquisition starts and stops according to the received command. If no
stop command is given and the storage capacity becomes full, the oldest
data are deleted and replaced by new data.
Trend acquired by other HIS:
Trend data acquired by other HIS may be referenced in a unit of block.
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Sampling Period and Recording Span
The table below shows the relationship between the sampling period
and the recording span:
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Display Data Types
The display data type of each trend gathering pen is defined to
display data in the trend window.
The data display for the trend gathering pen include the following types:
Default: Acquired data are displayed in the default data type in the
instrument faceplate showing the function block of the acquisition source.
Analog type: Acquired process data are displayed in the data axis range 0
to 100 % of the trend graph.
Discrete type: Acquired ON/OFF data are displayed in the fixed data axis
range 6 % of the trend graph.
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Reference Pattern Assignment
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Trend Block Definition
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Trend-Pen Assignment
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Message Processing
PART-D 5
Message Processing
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Message Processing
Type of messages:
• System messages
Notifies status or operations related to the system.
• Process messages
Notifies status or operations related to the process.
Process alarm message, annunciator message, operator guide message,
printout message, sequence message request, signal event message
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Message Flow
The flow of the message transmitted from the FCS is
shown below:
V-net
One group
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Message Types
User-defined messages are shown below:
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Message Output Actions
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Print Message (%PR)
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Print Message (%PR)
An example of the print message definition and its printout
are shown below:
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Print Message Flow (%PR)
The occurrence, transmission and output of print message
are shown as below:
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Sequence Message Request (%RQ)
The sequence message request is sent by the sequential control
function at a certain timing to an HIS to execute a processing.
The functions executable with the sequence message request
function are as follows:
• Window call
• Execution of system function key
• Start, stop or restart of batch trend data acquisition
• Flashing, turn-on or turn-off of LED
• Execution of a program with its program name
• Execution of multi-media function
• Printout of report
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Message Request Flow (%RQ)
Turn-on LED
Report printout
Window display
An example of automatic
report printing at the end of
Sequence function the process.
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Message Request and Scheduler
Sequence message request definition window.
LED
HIS functions Program startup Execution method
display
Manual operation by
Function key Possible Turn-on
an operator
Automatic execution
Scheduler Possible None
at a certain time
Sequence message Execution by the
Possible Turn-on
request sequence
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Help Message (HW)
Help messages guide the operators as an on-line manual. The
messages are displayed in help dialog boxes.
Besides the user-defined help, there is the pre-defined system
help.
User-defined help:
• Up to 9,999 help dialogs can be defined. (HW0001 to HW9999)
• Up to 21 lines can be defined per help and 70 characters per line.
• Can be related with a function block or a graphic window.
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Help Message (HW)
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Help Message Call
Properties window of the graphic builder.
Properties window of
the function block.
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Message Printout
Messages besides the sequence message request can be
output to a printer.
Generation or recovery is
distinguished by the identifier
without red printing facility.
For easy-recognition of
different type of messages,
define number of tabs for
each type of message.
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Message Printout
• Messages are not printed out until the messages are pilled up to
fit one page for print.
• Messages can be printed out at any timing with the function key
or the scheduler function.
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Message Printout Printer
Define the HIS Printer Name for each type of message with
HIS constants definition builder.
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Message Printout Timing
Messages are not printed out until the messages are pilled
up to fit one page for print.
The message, however, may be sent to printer when the
defined queuing time elapsed. For each message the
queuing time can be defined with HIS constants builder.
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Function Keys
PART-D 6
Function Keys
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Function Keys
The function keys provided on the operation keyboard allow
users to define functions freely.
Executable functions with function keys are follows:
• Window call
• Execution of system function key
• Start, stop or restart of batch trend data acquisition
• Flashing, turn-on or turn-off of LED
• Execution of a program with its program name
• Execution of multi-media function
The following functions are only for CS3000.
• Panel set call
• Window call to another station
• Remote window call by window name (console type HIS only)
• Currently displayed window set copy (console type HIS only)
• Remote CRT window erase (console type HIS only)
To assign the window call function to the function keys, define the
following functions with the function key definition builder.
• Window type
Graphic window, system status display window and so on.
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Window Display Size
The window display size can be selected from the following three
sizes:
In window mode:
• When the Large size is specified (-SL) : 80% width of the screen
• When the Medium size is specified (-SM): 50% width of the screen
• When the Special size is specified (-SC): The size varies with the
design at creation. (No scaling, Individual windows)
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Window Display Position
The window display position can be specified beforehand.
The display position is specified using X and Y coordinates.
The range falls within 0 to 32767.
The display position is specified in the format given below:
= +X coordinate + Y coordinate
100
X coordinate: The left 200
edge of the screen is set (+200,+100)
as the origin.
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Function to Call a Window
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Functions of Function Keys
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System Functions
Examples of the system functions (K) are as follows:
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Function Key Assignment
Function key definition file (FuncKey) in CONFIGURATION folder of HIS.
An example of the
function key definition:
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Temporary Assignment
Function key definition window in the HIS Setup.
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Other Functions
PART-D 7
Other Functions
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Panel Set (CS3000)
With the panel set function (for CS3000), multiple windows can
be called up together to multiple HIS. Combination of several
windows that are frequently used can be defined per set and the
panel set can be called up with one-touch operation.
• Up to 200 panel sets can be defined per HIS.
• Up to 5 windows can be defined per set.
• Calling up the panel set from other HIS is possible.
HIS0123 HIS0124
Notification to
HIS0124
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Panel Set
Panel set definition file (PanelSet) in the CONFIGURATION folder of HIS.
An example of panel
set definition window.
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Plant Hierarchy
The plant hierarchy refers to the various equipment in the
plant control system that are organized into layered
architectures based on ISA S88.01 physical model.
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Sequential Control Functions
PART-E
Sequential Control Functions
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Sequential Control Functions
CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook
PART-E Sequential Functions
E1. Sequential Control Positioning
E2. Types of Sequential Control Blocks
E3. Sequence Connection
E4. Sequence Table Blocks
E5. Logic Chart Block
E6. Processing Timing of Sequence
E7. Switch Instrument Blocks
E8. Timer Block
E9. Software Counter Block
E10. Relational Expression Block
E11. Auxiliary Blocks
Reference: IM33S01B30-01E
PART-D Function Block Details, D3 Sequence Control
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Sequential Control Function
PART-E 1
Sequential Control Positioning
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Sequential Control Positioning
The function blocks that execute the sequential control are
referred to as sequential control blocks. The positioning of the
sequential control blocks is shown blow:
FCS
I/O interfaces
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Types of Sequential Control
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Sequential Control Description
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Types of Sequential Control Blocks
PART-E 2
Types of Sequential Control Blocks
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Types of Sequential Control Blocks
SFC blocks:
The SFC block executes the sequential
control program described with SFC.
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Types of Sequential Control Blocks
Sequence auxiliary blocks:
The following types of blocks are provided.
Timer block (TM) Relational expression block (RL)
Soft-counter block (CTS) Resource scheduler block (RS)
Pulse train counter block (CTP) Valve monitoring block (VLVM)
Code input block (CI)
Code output block (CO)
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Types of Sequential Control Blocks
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Sequence Connection
PART-E 3
Sequence Connection
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Sequence Connection
The sequence connection specifies various elements having data
as the connection destinations for I/O terminals of a function block.
The conditional expression to test data status for the input terminal,
and the data to manipulate an element for the output terminal
should be specified.
The processing for reading data from the connection destination is
referred to as [Condition testing], while the processing to output data to
the connection destination is referred to as [Status manipulation].
Connection information formats are as follows:
Element symbol name. Data item name. Condition specification
Element symbol name. Data item name. Action specification
Since the wiring between terminals can describe only an element symbol
and a data item, the sequence connection is directly described on the
sequence block without wiring.
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Sequence Table Blocks
PART-E 4
Sequence Table Blocks
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Sequence Table Blocks
The sequence table block provides two types of table in the form
of a decision table.
(1) ST16 (Basic):
The ST16 block handles a total of 64 I/O (condition/action) signals and 32 rules.
Number of I/O signals can be exchanged in the unit of 8.
32 rules
Input condition Y N
Total 64 I/O Condition rules
YN
points (fixed) Y
Output action Action rules
YN
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M- and L- Size Sequence Tables
Besides the sequence table blocks ST16 and ST16E, two
larger size tables are provided. The tables of each size have
basic and extension types.
Middle size table: M-ST16, M-ST16E
Large size table: L-ST16, L-ST16E
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Rule Extension (ST16E)
The number of rules in a single sequence table is fixed at 32 and
cannot be changed. However, if the number of rules in a sequence
table is not enough to describe one phase unit, the number of rules
can be extended by connecting to another sequence table.
Sequence
table group
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Rule Extension (ST16E)
Rule extension sequence table block (ST16E):
Since the ST16E is managed by the extending sequence table block
ST16, the ST16E cannot be activated independently.
The ST16E can only be connected to a step-type sequence table block. It
cannot be connected to a non-step type sequence table. (Connection is
unnecessary.)
Step 1 to 15 Step 16 to 35
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Sequence Table Block
32 rules
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Sequence Table Block
Step label
Condition
signal
comment
Action
signal
comment
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Example of Sequence Description
An example of descriptions of the fundamental logic circuits, AND,
OR and NOT.
%SW0200
ON
%Z011101 Rule 01 02 03 . . . . . . . . . . 32
%SW0201 ON Step
ON C01 %SW0200.PV ON Y N
. %SW0201.PV ON Y
AND logic circuit . %SW0202.PV ON Y
. %SW0203.PV ON Y
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Execution and Output Timing
Execution timing
A sequence table block and a logic chart block have the
following four types of execution timing:
• Periodic execution (T):
Repeatedly executed in a preset cycle.
• One-shot execution (O):
Executed once when invoked by other function blocks.
• Initial execution/Restart execution (I):
Executed when the FCS performs a cold or a restart.
• Initial execution (B):
Executed when the FCS performs a restart.
Output timing
A sequence table block has two types of output timing:
• Output only when conditions change (C)
• Output each time conditions are satisfied (E)
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Output Timing
• Output only when conditions change (C):
The action is executed only once when the condition is switched from
false to true. However, if the non-latched output is specified for the
action signal, the action changes when the condition is switched from
true to false.
• Output each time conditions are satisfied (E):
The action is executed each control period as long as the condition
remains true.
Output only when conditions change (C) Output each time conditions are satisfied (E)
ON ON
Non-latched type
(L type)
Output Output
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Processing Timing
For the LC64, logic chart block, output timing (C) can not be specified.
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Non-step Type Sequence Table
Non-step type sequence table tests all rules at every
control period.
Rule 01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Basic operation 1:
Step
C01 %SW0200 Y
(1) As for condition testing, in the %SW0201
. Y N
same rule number when all . %SW0202 N
.
conditions (Y or N) are satisfied, %SW0203
the condition of the rule is true. C32 Condition signals
A01 %Z011101 Y
(2) Rule columns for the same . %Z011102 Y
.
rule number are all blank are .
%Z011103 Y
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Non-step Type Sequence Table
Basic operation 2:
Rule 01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Step
When multiple action signals
C01 %SW0200 Y
exist in a condition satisfied rule, %SW0201 Y
.
the actions are executed from . %SW0202
top to down. . %SW0203
C32 Condition signals
A01 %Z011101 Y
. %Z011102 Y
. %Z011103 N
.
A32 Action signals
THEN
ELSE
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Non-step Type Sequence Table
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Example of Non-step Sequence
- Closed
- Open
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Example of Non-step Sequence
Description of HH alarm logic flow in the previous example:
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Step Type Sequence Table
Step type sequence table tests only rules in the current step
at every control period.
Rule
Basic operation 1:
Step 04 05 08
C01 %SW0200 Y
For the step type sequence
. %SW0201 Y
table, the next execution step . %SW0202 Y
label must be described in the .
%SW0203 Y
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Step Type Sequence Table
Basic operation 2:
Rule
Step 04 05 08
The next step specified in
C01 %SW0200 Y
the THEN column is the step . %SW0201 Y
to advance when the . %SW0202 Y
. %SW0203 Y
condition test result is true.
C32 Condition signals
When all actions for the A01 %Z011101 Y
corresponding rules are . %Z011102 Y
. Y
executed, the step proceeds .
%Z011103
to the next step. A32 Action signals
THEN 05
ELSE 08
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Step Type Sequence Table
Basic operation 3:
Rule
Step 04 05 08
The next step specified in the C01 %SW0200 Y
ELSE column is the step to . %SW0201 Y
advance when the condition . %SW0202 Y
. %SW0203 Y
test result is false.
C32 Condition signals
When conditions for the A01 %Z011101 Y
corresponding rules are not . %Z011102 Y
. %Z011103 Y
satisfied, the step proceeds .
to the next step without A32 Action signals
executing the actions. THEN 05
ELSE 08
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Step Type Sequence Table
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Step Type Sequence Table
Rule
Basic operation 5: Step 01 02 03 04
C01 %SW0200 Y
When a step advances to a . %SW0201 Y
next step, the next step is . %SW0202
. %SW0203
executed at the next scan C32 Condition signals
period. A01 %Z011101 Y
. %Z011102 N
When a step has advanced, . %Z011103 N
the conditions of each rule .
are initialized once. A32 Action signals
THEN 02 03 04
ELSE
The step sequence executes only a single step at each scan period.
In this case, it may take 2 seconds or more to turn %Z011103 OFF,
after the step 01 was executed.
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Step Type Sequence Table
Rule
Basic operation 6:
Step 00 01 02 03 04
C01 %SW0200 Y
Step label 00 is executed at . %SW0201 Y
each period. The step 00 can . %SW0202 Y
. %SW0203 Y
be described only at the head
C32 Condition signals
of a sequence table group.
A01 %Z011101 Y
* 1. The step 00 cannot be . %Z011102 N
described as a next step label. . %Z011103 N
.
* 2. The step 00 cannot be A32 Action signals
described on an extended THEN 02 03 04
sequence table. ELSE
Current step.
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Example of Step Sequence
The start push button initiates
charging and discharging processes.
Sequence specifications:
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Example of Step Sequence
Rule number 01
Charging process (step A1)
Rule number 02
Close
Rule number 03
Rule number 04
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Example of Step Sequence
Description of the sequence with a sequence table.
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Condition and Action Signal Allocation
No. of condition
No. of action signals
signals
8 56
16 48
24 40
32 (default) 32 (default)
40 24
48 16
56 8
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Logic Chart Block
PART-E 5
Logic Chart Block
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Logic Chart Block (LC64)
A logic chart block is the function block that describes the
relations of the input signals, the output signals and logic
calculation operators in the interlock dialog form.
An architecture of LC64 logic chart block shown below:
Q32 J32
A logic chart block LC64 has 32 inputs, 32 outputs and 64 logic elements.
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Logic Chart Example
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Outline of Logic Chart
• Condition/Action signals:
The input/output information such as tag names, data items or other
specific condition/action scripts should be entered.
• Comment:
For the input signals or output signals, their service comments can
be described up to 24 characters.
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Creating a Logic Chart Block
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Logic Chart Processing Flow
The figure below shows a logic chart processing flow:
• Input processing:
The condition test is performed on the input signal.
• Logic calculation processing:
The logic calculation is expressed by combinations of logic operators.
• Output processing:
The status manipulation sends commands such as data setting or status
change to the contact output terminals or other function blocks.
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Logic Operation Elements
Logic product
AND (Max. inputs 21.)
Logic sum
OR (Max. inputs 21)
NOT Negation
SRS1-R
Flip-flop
(Reset dominant)
SRS2-R
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Logic Operation Elements
SRS1-S
Flip-flop
(Set dominant)
SRS2-S
IN t
OND ON-delay timer
OUT
IN
t OFF-delay timer
OFFD
OUT
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Logic Operation Elements
IN 1 scan One-shot
TON (Rise trigger)
OUT
IN
1 scan One-shot
TOFF (Fall trigger)
OUT
CMP-GE Comparator
CMP-GT Comparator
CMP-EQ Comparator
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Wipeout Operation
S
OUT
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Internal Timer Operation
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Execution Order
• Matrix expansion:
Logic operators are executed from the left column to the right,
and from the upper element to the lower in the same column.
• Manual expansion:
The execution order automatically assigned to the logic
operation elements according to their position that can be
manually changed.
The execution order can be specified on the logic chart edit window.
The default setting is the matrix order.
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Processing Timing of Sequence
PART-E 6
Processing Timing of Sequence
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Execution Timing
A sequential control block and a logic chart block have the
following four types of execution timing:
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Output Timing
The output timing of a sequence table block indicates the
conditions under which output processing is performed when
the sequence table is executed periodically or as one-shot.
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Processing Timing
For the LC64, logic chart block, output timing (C) can not be specified.
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Control Period and Control Phase
• Control period:
The execution interval at which the periodic execution type ST16 or
ST16E block executes the sequence table.
(Specify the value between 1 and 16 seconds)
• Control phase:
The execution timing of the sequence table. It is the execution timing
relative to the execution timing of the phase-zero sequence table.
The control phase can be set on the sequence table, which control period is
more than one second.
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Control Period and Control Phase
The sequence table, which control period is 5 sec, and control phase
is 3 sec. The table is executed at every 5 seconds interval, 3 seconds
after the phase-zero table.
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Switch Instrument Blocks
PART-E 7
Switch Instrument Blocks
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Concept of Switch Instrument
Related contact output and input modules are operated
and monitored as a single instrument.
OPEN
画面から直接DI
でバルブの開閉
CLOSE
を確認
Cutoff Valve
Manipulated OPEN OPEN Monitoring
output 画面から直接 input
DO001 CLOSE DOを操作して CLOSE DI001
バルブを開閉す
る
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Structure of Switch Instrument
Answerback
bypass
Remote Sequence
Answerback setpoint
SW1 output value
bypass function BPSW=0
RMV CSV
Mode
change BPSW=1 MAN
interlock
PV Answerback
INT ROUT CAS,AUT
check function
Answerback
input function
Remote/Local Output signal
input function conversion function
RSW
IN TSI OUT
Answerback (PV) Remote(0) / Local(1) Output (MV)
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Concept of Switch Instrument
TAG NO. Instrument
The switch instrument block faceplate
(SIO-22) manipulates a valve AUT
by its output (MV) and confirms
the status of the valve by the OPEN PV=0: OFF
MV PV
limit switch input (PV). PV=2: ON
CLOSE
Sequence table
xxxxxxxx
MAN
MV=0: OFF AUT
MV=2: ON Answerback
Functions of switch
check function
LOCAL instrument
Local operation board
Limit switch
Open
Close
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Answerback Check and Types
Answerback check function:
The answerback check function checks if final control elements such as a valve is
working as specified by the output from the switch instrument block.
If there is any inconsistency between the answerback input value (PV) and the
manipulated output value (MV), the answerback error alarm (ANS+ or ANS-)
occurs.
As it takes a certain length of time from changing the manipulated output value
to completing the final control element operation, answerback check suppression
time (MTM) can be specified.
Switch instrument types:
The following 10 types of blocks are provided.
SI - 1 SI - 2 SO - 1 SO - 2
SIO – 11 SIO – 12 SIO – 21 SIO - 22
SIO – 12P SIO – 22P
Switch instrument Input Output No. of input No. of output Pulse I/O
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Creation of Switch Instrument
An example of the selection dialog
and the definition window of the
switch instrument.
The detail specification definition window of
the switch instrument has the switch position
label definition. The position label can be
selected for the process I/O instrument types.
PART-E 8
Timer Block
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Timer Block (TM)
The timer block (TM) measures time in the unit of second or
minute. In addition to the basic elapsed time measuring function,
it has the preset timer function, which notifies time-up when a
specified time elapsed. It has the function of periodic action too.
An example of the timer block operation.
%SW0500.PV H N
BSTS: Block status Start switch off
CTUP: Count-up
OP: Operation
START: Start/stop action
Start command Stop command
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Action of Timer Block
When the timer block receives an action command, the
block status changes according to the command. When a
start command is given, the block resets the elapsed time
(PV), and starts counting.
Preset value (The time up to time-up.)
Pre-alarm value
Deviation (PH-PV)
Counted time
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Timer Restart Action
When the timer block in pause status receives the restart
command, the counting action is restarted. (Elapsed time
is not reset.)
NR
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Condition and Action Signals
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Software Counter Block
PART-E 9
Software Counter Block
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Software Counter Block (CTS)
In addition to the basic counting function, the software counter
block (CTS) has the preset counter function, which notifies the
count-up when the block counted the specified value.
An example of the soft-counter block operation.
Processing Timing: TE
Counting
process PV
Stop switch %SW0501.PV ON Y
CT100.ACT ON Y
Counter update
CT100.ACT OFF Y
BSTS: Block status Counter stop
CTUP: Count-up %SW0501.PV H N
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Action of Software Counter Block
The software counter block (CTS) updates the count value (PV)
upon receiving the operation command and changes the block
status. When the operation command is received, if the block
status is STOP, the count value is reset (PV=1).
Pre-alarm value
Counted value
NR
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Condition and Action Signals
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Relational Expression Block
PART-E 10
Relational Expression Block
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Relational Expression Block (RL)
The relational expression block (RL) is executed during the
condition testing for a sequence control block such as a sequence
table, or for a calculation block. It tests the numerical relationship
or the logical product of two data, according to the relational
expression in the block, and returns the result whether it matches
for the conditions to the calling function block.
Flow B
RV31 Flow C (X16)
RV32 2.50
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Relational Expression Block (RL)
There exists two types of the relational expressions:
The numerical comparison operation between two data and
the logical product operation of two data.
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Relational Expression Block (RL)
The definition of the relational expression block and the
description on sequence tables:
The figure below shows an example of the relational expression
definition. RV01 RV03 RV02 RV04
X 01
X 02
The defined relational expressions are described on the Tag, Data item Data
sequence table as follows:
RL0100 is a user tag of the relational expression block (RL). RL0100.X01 GE Y
RL0100.X01 LT Y
[Data Expression (Numerical)]
GT: Greater than
GE: Greater than and equal
LT: Less than START Y N
TM100.OP
LE: Less than and equal
EQ: Equal
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Auxiliary Blocks
PART-E 11
Auxiliary Blocks
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Creation of Sequence Auxiliary
Sequence Elements 1:
TM (Timer), CTS (Soft-counter), CTP
(Pulse counter), CI (Code input), CO
(Code output)
Sequence Elements 2:
RL (Relational expression), RS
(Resource scheduler), VLVM (Valve
monitor)
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Sequence Auxiliary Blocks
Besides the timer (TIM), soft counter (CTS) and relational
expression (RL) blocks, the following sequence auxiliary blocks
are provided:
Pulse train counter (CTP): This block counts the number of pulse input
signals. It also has the preset counter function.
Code input (CI): This block converts the digital input signal into code value
(PV). Either “no-conversion “ or “BCD-conversion” is selectable.
Code output (CO): This block converts the integer value, which is set as the
setting code value (PV). Either “no-conversion “ or “BCD-conversion” is
selectable.
Resource scheduler (RS): This block is used to manage the utilization of
limited plant resources.
Valve monitor (VLVM): This block handles 16 sets of input signals
independently, performing valve operation monitoring and message output
for each input signal.
See IM33S01B30-01E PART-D D3-7 to D3-12.
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Code Input Block (CI)
The CI block is a function block that converts the digital input signal
into code value (PV). The conversion of digital input signals to input
code values (PV) includes “No-conversion” in which the signal pattern
is interpreted as a binary number, and “BCD conversion” in which it is
interpreted as a BCD (binary coded decimal) code.
The Code Input Block (CI) inputs the contact signals that continue for the number of
input signal points from the element of the input destination specified in the IN terminal.
The first element corresponds to the most significant digit.
The input signal points are set by the Function Block Detail Builder.
• Number of bits input: 0 to 18 points
Up to 16 points in the case of “no conversion”
Default is 0.
The following describes an example of specifying the code input block one-shot
execution in the action signal column of the sequence table.
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Code Input Block (CI)
The figure below shows examples of encoding when “no
conversion” and “BCD conversion” are specified.
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Code Output Block (CO)
The Code Output Block (CO) is a function block that converts the
integer value which is set as the setting code value (PV). Converting of
the setting code value (PV) has “no conversion,” which outputs the
integer value in binary, and “BCD conversion,” which outputs after
converting into binary coded decimal (BCD) options.
The output signal points of the Code Output Block (CO) are set by the
Function Block Detail Builder.
• Number of bits output: 0 to 18 points
Up to 16 points in the case of “no conversion.”
Default is 0.
The following describes an example of specifying the code output block one-shot
execution in the action signal column of the sequence table.
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Code Output Block (CO)
When six points from %SW0100 are specified for CI001, %SW0100
to %SW0105 will be subject to the code output. If the bit inversion is specified as
“Non-reversed” and code output is performed with the settings of CO0001 and
PV=21, the ON/OFF statuses of the %SW0100 to %SW0105 are as shown in
the figure above.
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Valve Monitor Block (VLVM)
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PART-E-Lab
Engineering Course
Laboratory Exercise
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Cascade Loop Creation
P’ry controller
IN TIC100
Input module PID
Furnace terminal number
OUT
%Z011103
Product
SET
S’ry controller
OUT FIC100 IN
PID
%Z011105 %Z011104
Output module Input module
terminal number terminal number
Fuel
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Ratio Control Loop Creation
%Z011108
F1
SET
IN FIC200 OUT
PID
%Z011109 %Z011110
F2
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Ratio Set Block (RATIO)
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Cascade Signal Distribution
%Z011106 FOUT300
FOUT
MV range (MV1): 0.0 – 200.0 DEGC J01 J02 MV range (MV2): 0.0 – 400.0 DEGC
SET SET
IN TIC302 OUT IN TIC303 OUT
PID PID
Measuring range (PV): 0.0 – 200.0 DEGC Measuring range (PV): 0.0 – 400.0 DEGC
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Cascade Signal Distributor Block (FOUT)
MSHn and MSLn automatically agree with the scale high limit and low
limit of the output destination via the output range tracking function.
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Sequence Table Creation
ON
Start switch
SW445 OFF OFF
3s Count up (CTUP)
Timer
TM001
Reset start
ON
Switch
SW446 OFF OFF
ON
Switch
SW447 OFF OFF
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Sequence Table Creation (2)
Start switch
SW450
Repeat 3 times
5s Timer (Counter)
setting
SW451
SW452
SW453
SW454
SW455
SW456
Operator guide
%OG0001
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Sequence Table Creation (3)
Modification of the sequence table ST001.
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Sequence Table Creation (3)
Start
[ST001-PB] detection
Start instruction detection
SW445.PV.O N
N Start switch
ON
Y
ST001.MODE.AUT
Sequence Y
running
N
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Sequence Table Creation (3)
[ST001-PB] Stop
detection
Stop instruction detection
SW444.PV.O N
N Stop switch
ON
Y
ST001.MODE.AUT
Sequence N
running
Y
ST001.SA.SP : Y
Execution table stop Output op. guide
Condition of the SP (Stop)
step (SP) starts “Operation miss!”
step in ST001 is %OG0002.PV.NON : Y
ST001.SA.SP : Y
unconditionally satisfied.
Stop operation is executed.
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Calculation Function Creation
Q01
IN TI003
CALCU-C Q02
Q03
Level Reactor
indicator PV PV PV PV
LI003 TI003H TI003M TI003L
PVI PVI PVI PVI
IN IN IN IN
70% High level
temperature
indicator
Low level
temperature
indicator
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Calculation Program
Comment
output
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Logic Chart Creation (1)
Comments
Input Elements
Output Elements
Input1 Logic Elements
Output1
SW301.PV.ON 1
SW305.PV.L
S2 OND
SW302.PV.ON AND
R 2
SW304.PV.L
SRS2-R
SW303.PV.ON OR AND OND
SW304.PV.ON
SW305.PV.ON
Comments
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Logic Chart Creation (2-1)
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Logic Chart Creation (2-2)
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Logic Chart Creation (2-3)
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Graphic Exercise
HIS0124 HIS0123
Station Number
(Left hand side, Odd No.PC) (Right hand side, Even No. PC)
TRAINOV-A TRAINOV-B
TRAINCG-A TRAINCG-B
Window name
TRAINGR-A TRAINGR-B
TRAINORGR-A TRAINORGR-B
FBS101-A FBS101-B
Tag name
LAG109-A LAG109-B
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Graphic Exercise
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Graphic Exercise
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Arithmetic Calculation and Logic Operation
PART-F
Arithmetic Calculation and Logic Operation
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Arithmetic Calculation and Logic Operation
Reference: IM33S01B30-01E
PART-D Function Block Details,
D2 Arithmetic Calculation, Logic Operation
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Arithmetic Calculation,
Logic Operation Positioning
PART-F 1
Arithmetic Calculation, Logic Operation Positioning
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Calculation Block Positioning
The arithmetic calculation and logic operation function blocks
perform general-purpose calculation processing, such as
numerical calculation, analog calculation and logical calculation
for the input signals to the block.
FCS
I/O interfaces
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Structure of Calculation Blocks
PART-F 2
Structure of Calculation Blocks
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Structure of Calculation Block
The calculation blocks receive analog signals (and status
signals) as input values, and perform calculations according to
the set parameters.
Receives a signal from the
Input terminal and outputs
P01 P08
a calculated input (RV).
Input Output
IN RV CPV OUT
processing processing
Calculation
Q01 RV1 processing CPV1 J01
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Types of Calculation Blocks
PART-F 3
Types of Calculation Blocks
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Types of Calculation Blocks
According to the data type and calculation capability, the
calculation function blocks are classified into arithmetic
calculation blocks, analog calculation blocks, general-purpose
calculation blocks and calculation auxiliary blocks.
Arithmetic calculation blocks
ADD, MUL, DIV, AVE
Analog calculation blocks
SQRT, LAG, DLAY, LDLAG, AVE-M
Logic operation blocks (CS3000 only)
AND, OR, NOT, EQ
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Types of Calculation Blocks
Three-pole three-position
selector switch block (SW-33)
Temperature and pressure
correction block (TPCFL)
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Creation of Calculation Block
General-purpose calculation
block selection window
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Calculation Block Application Example
FI100
IN Q01
PV ADD
FIC101 Totalized raw material
flow meter
PID PV
IN FIC102
PID
IN
Moving FAVE101
average AVE-M
IN Moving FAVE102
average AVE-M
Raw material IN
line 1
Raw material
line 2
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General Purpose Calculation Block
PART-F 4
General Purpose Calculation Block
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General Purpose Calculation Block
The general purpose calculation block is the function
block that is used to define arbitral calculation algorithm.
Calculation parameters:
P01 P08 For CALCU-C block, P05 to P08
are the character string data.
Input Output
IN RV CPV OUT
processing processing
User defined
calculation
Q01 RV1 CPV1 J01
processing
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Arithmetic Expression Structure
An example of the structure of general-purpose
arithmetic expressions is shown below:
Program
* Beginning of arithmetic expressions. Comment
Integer I001, I002, I003
Declaration statements
Float F001, F002
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Arithmetic Expression Example
An example of general-purpose expression:
Program
* Beginning of arithmetic expressions.
Integer I001, I002, I003
Local variables
Float F001, F002
I/O variables
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Control Statements
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Program Example
A program that calculates tank temperature according to
the liquid level of the tank is shown below:
output
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PART-F Lab. Exercise
Fundamental Course
Laboratory Exercise
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Laboratory Exercise
Reactor A Reactor B
REACTORS REACTORS
Overview window
REACT-A-OV REACT-B-OV
REACT-A-CG REACT-B-CG
Control window
REACT-A-CG2 REACT-B-CG2
Graphic window REACT-A-GR REACT-B-GR
TG0101 TG0111
Trend window
TG0501 TG0511
Function key
1 17
Call REACT-A/B-GR
TCPJT is installed only in HIS0124. Call REACT-A/B-OV
2 18
3 19
Call REACT-A/B-CG
4 20
Call REACT-A/B-CG2
5 21
Call TG0101/0111
6 22
Call TG0501/0511
7 23
Call sequence table
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Laboratory Exercise
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Laboratory Exercise
Operation menu
Toolbox
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