What are the stages of cell division?

Describe them:

G1: cell increases its organelles and cytoplasm

S: DNA replication

G2: Same as G1

M: The cell divides into two

What are the steps to mitosis?

PMAT: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

What are the steps to meiosis?

PMATx2: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II,

Anaphase II, and Telophase II

How happens to the sister chromatids in phrophase I?

Two pairs of sister chromatids form tetrads during prophase I

What does crossing over lead to in phrophase I?

Genetic recombination

What separates in metaphase I?

Homologous chromosomes separate during metaphase I

What does not happen in meiosis II that happens in mitosis?

No replication

Where does meiosis occur?

Spermatogenesis and oogenesis

What are the four stages of early development? Describe them:

Cleavage: Mitotic divisions

Implantation: Embryo implants during blastula stage

Gastrulation: Ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm

Neurulation: Germ layers develop a nervous system

Describe what occurs in each stage of gastrulation:

Ectoderm: Nervous system, epidermis, lens of eye, and inner ear

Endoderm: lining of digestive tract, lungs, liver and pancreas

Mesoderm: muscles, skeleton, circulatory system, gonads, and kidney

What is a morula?

A solid ball of cells resulting from division of a fertilized ovum, and from which a blastula is
formed

What is a blastula?

A hollow sphere of cells, referred to as blastomeres, surrounding an inner fluid-filled cavity

called the blastocoele formed during early stages of embryonic development

What is a blastocoele?

The inner fluid-filled cavity surrounded by the blastula

Label the parts of the gastrula: