Physics – Fluids and Waves

m
Density ρ=
V
 kg g
Density of Water ρwater =1000 3
=1
m c m3
 Physics – Fluids and Waves
ρ substance
Specific Gravity gspecific =
ρwater
 ρfluid
Apparent Weight Lossmloss= ×100
ρobject
 Physics – Fluids and Waves
F
Fluid Pressure P=
A
 P
Intensity I =
A
 Physics – Fluids and Waves
Gauge Pressure Pgauge =P−Patmosphere
Hydrostatic Pressure at a Fixed Depth (Fluid at rest
with uniform density)P= ρgh
 Physics – Fluids and Waves
Absolute Pressure Due to Gravity below Surface
P=P o+ ρg h
Pressure of Horizontal PipeΔ P=QR
 Physics – Fluids and Waves
Poiseuille’s Law (Predict Flow Rates of Real Fluids)
π r4
Q= Δ P
8 ηL
 F1 F2
Pascal’s Principal P= =
A1 A 2
 Physics – Fluids and Waves

A1 d 1= A2 d 2
W =F1 d 1=F 2 d 2Buoyant Force (Archimedes Principle)
F buoyant =ρVg
 Physics – Fluids and Waves
Continuity Equation (Flow Rate of Specific Liquid)
Q= Av
 Physics – Fluids and Waves
Q=Volume of Flow RateIntensity of Flow Rate
I =ρQ= ρAv
 1 2
Bernoulli’s Equation p+ ρg h+ p v =constant
2
 Physics – Fluids and Waves
Stress
Elastic Modulus of a Solid Modulus=
Strain
Wave Velocityv=fλ
 Physics – Fluids and Waves
1
Wave PeriodT =
f
Standing Waves both ends fixed or free
n λn
L= (n=1,2,3 , …)
2
Physics – Fluids and Waves
Standing waves one end
 Physics – Fluids and Waves
nλ
fixed and one end freeL= n (n=1,3,5 , …)
4
 Physics – Fluids and Waves

Energy of one photon

E=hf
Thermal Linear Expansion∆ L=αL ∆ T
 Physics – Fluids and Waves
Thermal Volume Expansion∆ V =βV ∆ T
 Av
Force of Viscosity F viscous =η
d
 Physics – Fluids and Waves
lρv
Reynolds Number ℜ=
η
 1 g
Frequency Pendulum f =
2π √ l
 Physics – Fluids and Waves
1 k
Frequency Spring f =
√
2π m
Displacement and Force of Floating Object less than
ρ fluid
 Physics – Fluids and Waves
With mass equal to its own mass and equal to F G
Displacement and Force of Submerged Object equal
ρ fluid
 Physics – Fluids and Waves
With mass equal to its own mass plus equal to its own
volume and equal to F G
Displacement and Force of Sunk Object greater than
ρ fluid
 Physics – Fluids and Waves
With mass equal to its own volume and less than F G