What is the base unit of the nucleic acids?

Nucleotide (sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate)

DNA’s sugar

Deoxyribose

RNA’s sugar

Ribose

What are the two types of bases?

Purines (Adenine, Gunanine)

Pyrimdines (Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine)

How is DNA arranged?

Double helix with antiparallel strands joined by base pairs (A=T, G≡C)

How is RNA arranged?

Single stranded; A pairs with U, not T

What is Transcriptional Regulation regulated by?

Operon

Structural genes

Have DNA that codes for protein

Operator gene

Repressor binding site

Promoter gene

RNA polymerase’s 1st binding site

What do inducible systems need in regards to transcription?

An inducer for transcription to occur

What do repressible systems need in regards to transcription?

A corepressor to inhibit transcription

Point Mutation

One nucleotide is substituted by another; they are silent if the sequence of amino acids doesn’t
change

Frameshift Mutation

Insertions or deletions shift reading frame. Protein doesn’t form or is nonfunctional

Viruses

Acellular structure of double- or single- stranded DNA or RNA in a protein coat

Lytic Cycle

Virus kills the host cell

Lysogenic Cycle

Virus enters host genome