SPIRITUAL SELF
William James’ take on spiritual self which is included to the other
empirical selves is defined as the innermost workings of the person
mind, the behaviour, beliefs and even morals that involves every
aspect of the human as a person. Considering the will of the person,
how they distinguish between right and wrong and also one’s intellect
are some of the manifestations of the spiritual self of a person.
     According to James (1890), people will find more satisfaction in
having been able to show of the spiritual self like their intelligence, to
have their wishes be done, and to act upon their conscience than to
count or show their possession, because he said that the spiritual
self “is the most enduring and intimate part of the self”.
Manifestations of the Spiritual Self
Will. Refers to one’s wishes, these are the things that we want to see
and achieve in our lives.
Intelligence and abilities. These are the perceived strengths of a
person, the things that they have confidence in doing and believe to
have a certain level of mastery of. 
Morals. It is the definition of what is right and wrong, distinguishing
the things that are acceptable for a person, the society and at the
same time the determination of the possible effects of their actions to
themselves, their environment and other people.
Values. Refers to the person’s ability to distinguish what is important
and what is not. With one’s values system a person may be able to
prioritize what they think are the tasks or things that they need, what
are things that should be done or resolve immediately and what are
those that they can delay without grave repercussions.
FILIPINO CONCEPT OF SOUL: DUNGAN
The “soul“ or spirit of a person has two dimensions; (1) human
body (2) spiritual. Soul referred to as kaluluwa by the Tagalogs
or dungan by the Ilonggos comes from the root word duwa,
two. The human eye does not see the dungan and it takes on
different forms.
For instance, it can be in a form an insect or a small animal such as
lizard. The Bisayan believe that the dungan leaves the body while the
person is asleep. Travelling dungan outside the body must be free
from accidents such as getting trapped in a jar. Only when the soul
has safely reunited with the body, the person will be awake. Dungan
is also connoted as “willpower”. If a person has strong willpower, is it
said to have a strong dungan.
POLITICAL SELF
Politics is a social institution through which power is acquired and
exercised by some people and groups. Man is by nature is a political
animal. The process of learning is imbued with political values and
beliefs. Politics is a central component of self. In order for
governance to work in any group or society, a covenant of mutual
trust and respect must exist
Political Socialization  viewed as a lifelong process by which
individuals gain knowledge about politics.
Political Participation  can be defined as a citizen's actions or
activities anchored in politics. Any activity concerning the government
or governance of the state is an example of political participation.
MATERIAL SELF
Materialism  refers to giving more importance to material
possessions than intangible values.
Consumerism  is the consumption of material goods and services
in excess of one's basic needs. It is closely tied to materialism.
LEARNING TO BE A BETTER STUDENT AND SETTING GOALS
FOR SUCCESS
Behaviorists define learning as a relatively permanent change in
behavior as a result of practice or experiences.
Neuroplasticity is the ability of the brain to change throughout life. It
involves the
Metacognition is the awareness of one's thinking and the strategies
one uses to learn.
Self-regulated learning (SRL) is the process in which students
systematically direct their thoughts, feelings, and actions toward the
attainment of their academic goals. The three essential components
of self-regulated learning are planning, problem-solving, and self-
evaluation.
Stress refers to events that are perceived as challenging, damaging,
or threatening to one's physical or psychological well-being.
In order to deal with frustrations, conflicts, and stress, people
sometimes use unconscious strategies called defense mechanisms
in order to cope with the pain and deal with the stress.
Psychologist Hans Selye suggests that the body goes through three
stages of physiological reactions during stressful events: alarm,
resistance, and exhaustion.
People cope with stress through
- problem-focused coping
- motion-focused coping.
People who are high in self-compassion treat themselves with
kindness, care, and understanding when they experience stressful
events or situations.