Heat Transfer

Experiment 7
1. Demonstrate the three different methods of heat transfer
2. Graph the cooling curve of a material placed in water

Ong, Katherine
Heat Transfer Methods
• Conduction (Direct Molecular Collisions)
• Convection (Fluid Motion and Displacement)
• Radiation (Electromagnetic Waves)
- Newton's Law in Cooling

Ong, Katherine
 Theory of Heat Transfer

“Predicts the energy transfer (in the form of heat

energy) that takes place between material bodies"

Formula is dependent on the type of heat transfer.

*Note: no formulas were used in the experiment.

Ong, Katherine
 Stephan Boltzman Law

"The amount of radiation emitted per unit time from an area

A of a black body at absolute temperature T is directly
proportional to the fourth power of the temperature.”

P = net radiated power e = emissivity

A = radiating area T = temperature of radiator
σ = Stefan’s constant = temperature of surroundings
=

Ong, Katherine
 Emmisivity

e = radiant energy absorbed by a body

incident radiant energy

Ong, Katherine
 Prevost Law on Heat Exchange

”For a body to be in thermal equilibrium with its

surrounding, the rate at which it gives off heat to the
surroundings must equal the rate at which it absorbs heat
from the surroundings.”

Ong, Katherine
 Newton's Theory of Cooling

“The rate of heat loss from a body is directly proportional

to the difference in temperature of the body and its
surrounding.”
• Heat transfer by radiation
• For small temperature differences
• Surrounding temperature remains relatively constant

(T=Ts+(To-Ts) e-kt)
Ong, Katherine
 Heat Transfer

Newton’s Law Three (3) Different

of Cooling Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Conduction Radiation Convection

Natural Forced

Paguia, Brian
Part A. Newton’s Law of Cooling

Figure 1.1: Newton’s Law of Cooling


Simulation by Amrita University 2009-2015
Paguia, Brian
Part B. Heat Transfer by Part A. Newton’s Law
Conduction of Cooling

Part C. Heat Transfer by Radiation

Figure 1.3: The set-up for heat

Figure 1.2: The set-up transfer by radiation Figure 1.4: The set-up
for heat transfer by for heat transfer by
conduction convection
Paguia, Brian
 Silver Copper

Aluminum Brass

Parfan, Kate
 Material Ranking

Metal 1

Plastic 2

Wood 3

Table 1. The ranking of three different spoon materials depending on the

melting rate of margarine on each spoon (1=fastest, 3=slowest)

Porciuncula, Kristiana
Porciuncula, Kristiana

Color Ranking

Black 1

Blue 2

Green 3

Orange 4

White 5
Table 2. The ranking of five different colors of art
paper depending on their heat (1=warmest, 5=coldest)
Figure 5. Set-up for convection with
blue coloration added to hot water and
orange coloration added to cold water
Parfan, Kate
• The possibility for the system to attain the temperature close to its
surrounding by Newton’s Law of Cooling. 
• The transfer of heat is dependent on the thermal conductivity of the
material in contact with the system. 
• Darker colors emitted and absorbed radiation faster than lighter colors. 
• Convection is caused by differences in 

temperature-related density due to thermal 

expansion – natural or free convection

Paguia, Brian
The Three (3) Mechanism of Heat Transfer (Young et al., 2012)

• Conduction happens within or between two bodies in

contact, resulting in heat transfer.
• Radiation deals with heat transfer by electromagnetic
radiation, which is dependent based on the appearance
of the surface.
• Convection highly depends on the movement of the
fluid from one region to another caused by differences in
density due to thermal expansion.
Paguia, Brian
Newton’s Law of Cooling (T=Ts+(To-Ts )e )
-kt

• Results show how the temperature of the

system exponentially decreasing and then
slowly cooling down until the temperature of
the system was only close to its surrounding.

Paguia, Brian
Natural or Free Convection
• The heat was transferred due to the density
of the fluid from one region to another.

Paguia, Brian
Forced Convection
(e.g., blood carries heat throughout our body)

• The heat was transferred throughout our

body due to the pumping mechanism of the
heart.

Paguia, Brian
References

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