MOLINA, Reyjenie Charisse D.

September 10 2020

ETHICS 8:00-9:30AM

1. What is Philosophy?

 Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental questions about existence, knowledge,
values, reason, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied
or resolved. The term was probably coined by Pythagoras.

 Philosophy is a way of thinking about the world, the universe, and society. It works by asking
very basic questions about the nature of human thought, the nature of the universe, and the
connections between them. The ideas in philosophy are often general and abstract.

 The word "philosophy" comes from the Ancient Greek (philosophia), which literally means "love
of wisdom".

2. Give the Components of Philosophy

a. Metaphysics
 Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that considers the physical universe and the nature of
ultimate reality. It asks questions like, what is real? What is the origin of the world? What is
beyond the stars? Your consideration of reality as an external creation or an internal construct
can influence your metaphysical beliefs and perspectives and your teaching. Regardless of your
definition of reality, the exploration and categorization of the physical universe form the
foundation of several school subjects.

b. Epistemology

 Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that considers how people come to learn what they
know.

 Derived from the Greek word episteme, meaning knowledge or understanding, epistemology
refers to the nature and origin of knowledge and truth. Epistemology proposes that there are
four main bases of knowledge: divine revelation, experience, logic and reason, and intuition.
These influence how teaching, learning, and understanding come about in the classroom.
d. Epistemology

 Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that considers how people come to learn what they
know.

 Derived from the Greek word episteme, meaning knowledge or understanding, epistemology
refers to the nature and origin of knowledge and truth. Epistemology proposes that there are
four main bases of knowledge: divine revelation, experience, logic and reason, and intuition.
These influence how teaching, learning, and understanding come about in the classroom.

e. Axiology

 Axiology is the branch of philosophy that considers the study of principles and values.
These values are divided into two main kinds: ethics and aesthetics. Ethics is the
questioning of morals and personal values. Aesthetics is the examination of what is
beautiful, enjoyable, or tasteful. In axiology education is more than just about
knowledge but also quality of life.

f. Logic

 Logic is the branch of philosophy that seeks to organize reasoning. Students of logic
learn how to think in a structurally sound manner. Logic has two types: deductive and
inductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning involves examining a general case, deducing a
general set of rules or principles, and then applying these rules to specific cases.
Inductive reasoning involves taking specific examples and considering the general
principles, rules, or cases that caused them.

g. Ethics

 Is more individualized and personalized subdivision of axiology. It helps to define moral

character and serves as a basis for an individual code of conduct. Ethics attempts to
answer the question: what is the highest standard of behavior each person strive to
attain?

h. Aesthetic

 Aesthetic is the study and determination of criteria for beauty in nature and the arts,
including dance, drama, sculpture, painting, music, and writing. Aesthetics, which is less
scientific branch of axiology, is concerned not only with art but also with the artists and
the appreciation of what he or she has created.
 3. Why do we need to study Ethics?

We need to study Ethics because the role of ethics in our society is very necessary because it has a large
influence on today, as well as the future. We need to learn about good ethics because they guide our
decisions, make us who we are, and determine our future.

The role of ethics in our society is very important because it is the basic beliefs and standards that make
everything run smoothly. Ethics are involved in all organizations and institutions around us whether it be
political, medical, lawful, religious, or social. Ethics are what gives us comfort knowing that we live in a
country where we are able to choose. Because we believe our doctors are ethical, we feel certain we
can trust their diagnoses. If ethics did not apply to medicine, some doctors may knowingly misdiagnose
their patients just for the sake of money rather than for the persons' health and well-being. Ethics give
us comfort that the business deal will not fall through. In today's society, laws and contracts are
enforced to make sure that the business deals are fair and that the both people will hold up their end of
the deal.

It is also important because it help us to decide what we ought to do and what we ought not to do in all
cases.