Caedes Intellecta Subjunctive Review Project Template Name: ___Alison Stefansic_________________________

Potential Subjunctive

Independent or Dependent Independent

Introductory word/particle/ Introductory word: possim
Negation: none
Negation

What the use is? Baseline translation of latin subjunctive (expresses action that is not real but could
possibly happen)
How is the use translated? (generic) Helping verb “may” or “would”

An example sentence from Sight Passage

English translation of example sentence Possim adiuvare!
I may be of help!

Hortatory Subjunctive

Independent or Dependent Independent

Introductory word/particle/ Introductory word: decernamus “let us”
Negation: ne
Negation

What the use is? Used to issue ‘polite’ 1st person commands
How is the use translated? (generic) Let us settle (they are settling their dispute through a race)

An example sentence from Sight Passage

Ne sit ullus magis fremitus: decernamus, similes viris, has res.
English translation of example sentence Let there be no more shouting: let us settle these matters like real men
Jussive Subjunctive

Independent or Dependent Independent

Introductory word/particle/ Introductory word: congrediatur
Negation: none but can be formed with “ne”
Negation

What the use is? Expresses 3rd person singular and plural commands
How is the use translated? (generic) “let him” also let her/it/them

An example sentence from Sight Passage

English translation of example sentence Locuti sumus - te narrare magis vult: tecum congrediatur ut famam suam depuret.
We talked – he wanted to tell you more: he would meet (let him meet) with him to
clear his reputation.

Optative Subjunctive

Independent or Dependent Independent

Introductory word/particle/ Introductory word: utiam
Negation: ne
Negation

What the use is? Expresses a desired outcome that did not happen
Marcellus died but the desired outcome is that he didn’t
How is the use translated? (generic)

An example sentence from Sight Passage

Utinam Marcellus ne periiset!
English translation of example sentence If only Marcellus had not died!

Deliberative Question
 Independent or Dependent Independent
Introductory word/particle/ Introductory word: quid
Negation Negation: none

What the use is? Expresses a question of seeking

How is the use translated? (generic) Faceret (what to do) he had an unknown answer seeking for an answer

An example sentence from Sight Passage

Quid faceret?
English translation of example sentence What was he to do?

Indirect Question

Independent or Dependent Introductory word: scio (verb that introduces the question)
Introductory word/particle/ Negation-non
independent
Negation

What the use is? Expresses a question of what Pseudolus doesn’t know without directly asking it
How is the use translated? (generic) Don’t know what to do (questioning)

An example sentence from Sight Passage

Non scio quid Iuba fecerit aut non fecerit
English translation of example sentence I don’t know what Juba did or did not do.

Indirect Command
 Independent or Dependent Independent
Introductory word/particle/ Introductory word/participle: impero (head verb, subordinate clause)
Negation Introductory participle: ut
No negation

What the use is? Expresses an immediate action or command

How is the use translated? (generic) Immediately and command

An example sentence from Sight Passage

Impero tibi ut Iubam interroget...statim!
English translation of example sentence I command you to interview Juba immediately!

Purpose

Independent or Dependent Introductory participle: ut

Introductory word/particle/ No negation in this sentence but “non” is used in other sentences
independent
Negation

What the use is? Express the reason why the action was taken
How is the use translated? (generic) To visit and see

An example sentence from Sight Passage

Iuba et sua uxor nova ad Numidiam iter fecerant ut patriam suam viderent et
English translation of example sentence
patrem suum visitarent.
Juba and his new wife journeyed to Numidia to visit his homeland and see his father.

Result
 Independent or Dependent Introductory participle: ut
Introductory word/particle/ Independent
Negation: no negative but often uses “non” in other sentences
Negation

What the use is? Express the result of a particular action

How is the use translated? (generic) Pseudolus is expressing the result of his fear by writing all the letters

An example sentence from Sight Passage

Pseudolus tanta cum timore complebatur ut multas epistulas scripsisset
English translation of example sentence
Pseudolus was so filled with fear that he had written many letters but he had sent
many of them.