West Bay College: CS1: Oral Communication in Context

Form No: QF-08-SHS-029
WEST BAY COLLEGE Effectivity Date:

Revision No.
July 17, 2020
0
Ilaya Street, Alabang, Muntinlupa City
Reference: QPR 8.4.7
MODULE WEEK NO.1-5

SHS
CS1: Oral Communication in Context
Semester of A.Y. 2020-2021
Introduction
This module follows the K to 12 curriculum design of the subject ORAL COMMUNICATION IN
CONTEXT. The topics, however, are added to better address the objectives of the course and to make
the course more relevant given present realities. Furthermore, the topics are thematically arranged for
a more coherent presentation. While the use of technical terms is sometimes avoidable for introducing
technical concepts, simple and clear language is used in explaining these concepts without sacrificing
the depth and value of what they convey. One unit comprises of 5 lessons with set of lessons and
activities.
The first unit examines the introduction to communication and its sub-topics.
COURSE MODULE
This module has the following lessons:
UNIT I- INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION
 Lesson 1 – The Nature and Elements of Communication

 Lesson 3 - The Process of Communication
 Lesson 4 - Communication Models
 Lesson 5 - Effective Communication Skills
Rationale
The purpose of this module is to explain the nature of communication in able for the students to understand the
process of communication and how effective communication works by discussing each concepts and supplying them
with activities that will enhance their knowledge and skills about communication.
Pre-learning Concept Check
Direction: Mark the level of your knowledge or understanding of the statements in the table using the following symbols:
0 for no knowledge; + for a low level of knowledge, ++ for an average or moderate level of knowledge, +++ for a
high level of knowledge. At this point, answer only the left column (BEFORE STUDYING UNIT 1). Answer the right
column (AFTER STUDYING UNIT 1) after you have studied all the lessons under Unit 1.
BEFORE STATEMENTS AFTER
STUDYING UNIT STUDYING UNIT
1 1
1. Communication is the process of creating or sharing meaning.
2. Communication makes interaction possible.
3. Language and a person’s way of talking are based on certain frames.
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Crafted by Mr. Jesus C. Escala
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4. If you are familiar with the other person, you easily warm up and
speak in a friendly manner. If the other person is a total stranger, you
are more aloof and would not inquire on anything personal about the
other.
5. There are essential elements in communication.
6. Participants are individuals who assume the roles of senders and
receivers during an interaction.
7. Effective communication requires messages to be conveyed clearly
between communicators, but along the way there are many
communication barriers that can create misunderstandings and
misinterpretations of your message.
8. People can understand what you mean by reading cues both verbally
and not.
9. Communication is more than the formal grammar of a language.
10. Eye contact is very important when having conversation with others.
11. To be able to communicate your culture as different from other
nation’s cultures, you have to know your Filipino roots and the
difference of your race.
12. One effective way of intercultural communication is to minimize
assumptions of difference and similarity.
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13. Denotation is the direct, explicit meaning of a word/s. While,

Connotation involves feelings or evaluation we associate with a word.
14. Language barriers are when you use words or languages that are
alien or unknown to the receiver, it will certainly stop your message
from being conveyed.
15. Messages are the verbal utterances, visual images and non-verbal
behaviors to which meaning is attributed during communication.
Intended Learning Outcomes
A. Explains the nature and process of communication.

B. Differentiates the various models of communication.
C. Uses various strategies in order to avoid communication breakdown.
D. Identify the basic purposes of communication.
Activity
A. Guess the words described below. To help you with this activity, correct answers are hidden in the letter box.
Write your answer on the line.
1. This is transmitted from one person to another either through words, actions, or
expressions.
2. One who transmit the words, actions, or expressions.
3. This is how you transmit the words, actions, or expressions.
4. Through this you transmit the words, actions, or expressions.
5. Extract the meaning of words, actions, and expressions to complete understanding.
6. One who receives the transmitted words, actions, or expressions.
7. Another word for answer or reply.
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X C V B N M L K H G
S M F C H A N N E L
D T E H D S E S D S
G D E S D F B O O D
H Y D D S L D U C F
J U B C W A S R E G
K I A H K L G C D H
E N C O D E B E G J
L S K W F H N K H K
P R E C E I V E R L
B. Choose a situation below. Write a dialogue for a two-minute presentation for the situation that you have
chosen. Present your two-minute dramatization via video.
Situation 1 – Your neighbor’s house is on fire. You call the fire department. You have to communicate the
urgency of the situation.
Situation 2 – You are a reporter covering the fire in situation 1 and reporting it live on television. People are
already crowding the area. Some are helping, others are bystanders. Firefighters are trying to put out the fire while
COURSE MODULE
sirens are blaring.

Situation 3 – You are the airport, pier, or bus station watching the TV report in situation 2. Share your thoughts
or feelings with someone you have not met before.
Situation 4 – You are at home browsing through your social media account and reading the posts in situation
2. Share your thoughts or feelings with your family.
Situation 5 – You are the head of the fire department reporting the findings on the cause and effect of the fire
to the mayor.
Situation 6 – You are the mayor addressing the media at a press conference, and highlighting the importance
of fire safety and prevention.
Answer the following question briefly.

1. How did you report the urgency of the situation?
2. What is the effect of noise in the report on television or radio?
3. Is there a difference between talking to an unknown person and talking to family or friends? Why do you say
so?
4. Are there differences in giving information to one, to two or more persons, and to the public? How are they
different?
5. Discuss the following:
a. Point out the (1) source, (2) message, (3) encoding, (4) communication channel (5) receiver (6) decoding,
and (7) feedback in your assigned situation and how these elements interplay.
b. Explain why there was a breakdown of communication.
c. How did you avoid or resolve the breakdown in communication?
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On a scale of 1-10, 1 being the lowest and 10, being the highest, rate your preference:
“I prefer to share my ideas in Facebook.”
Realizations:
Journal entry: Write a journal about this question: When you communicate to another person, do you follow a flow or
process?
Discussion
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INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION
- Latin word “comunicare” meaning “to share” or “to make common”
- Process of exchanging:
*Information
*Ideas
*Thoughts
*Feelings
*Emotions
- Through speech, signals, writing and behavior.
 Sender – or source,
conceptualizes an idea in his mind before
he is able to formula and organize the
message.
 Message – is the final concept of
the idea formulated by the sender.
 Receiver – is the person whom
the sender is communicating with.
 Feedback – is the message sent
by receiver in response to the message
he received.
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COMMUNICATION MODELS
Communication models are graphic representations of the proposed elements included in the
communication process.
This model is also called linear model of

communication, unidirectional process or action
process because it describes a one-way process
within communication.
5 components:
Who: This is the communicator, also called the
sender, who formulates and spreads a message.
What: This is the content of the message or the
message that the sender spreads.
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Which channel: The channel describes the

medium or media that is/are used to convey and
spread the message. The medium can consist of
several communication tools, mass media, and
social media.
To whom: This describes the receiver/s, such as a target group or an individual. With mass
communication, there’s an audience.
Which effect: The effect is the result the message leads to. The so-called triangle of success, knowledge,
attitude, behavior is often used to describe the desired effect.
It is also referred to as the Transmission or

Standard View Model, has three main parts:
sender, channel and receiver. Originally designed
to mirror radio and telephone technologies, the
model presents the sender as the part of the
telephone a person speaks into, the channel as
the telephone itself, while the receiver as the part
of the telephone where one hears the other
person speaking. The static and sometimes the
absence of signal are considered noise. Thus,
the source produces a message, which the
transmitter encodes as signals. These signals
are sent through a channel, which adapts them for
transmission to the receiver. Upon receipt, the receiver decodes the signal for the destination.
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The message is effectively sent when the

receiver correctly decodes what the source or
sender encodes. This means that both the source
and the receiver have more or less a common
language, interpretation of symbols or visual or
non-verbal cues, experience or culture,
expression or signs used in encoding and
decoding the message in order to reach an
understanding.
This model expands the Shannon and Weaver

Model. It includes elements that may affect the
transmission of information, encoding, and
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decoding. It shows that the source must have

communication skills, right attitude, and adequate
knowledge, and consider the social system and
culture of the receivers. For example, one can
have a doctoral degree on a topic but without the
skill to communicate what he/she knows and the
right attitude to do so, he/she may not
communicate effectively. Moreover, when this
same person delivers a message to a person
with a different social or cultural background, the
message may not be received well. These same
elements must also be possessed by the receiver. This means that, for effective communication, the
source and the receiver must have more or less a common understanding of the language, symbols,
signs, or expressions used in the encoding and decoding of the message.
This states that giving and receiving messages is

reciprocal. This means that both communicators
(the sender and the receiver) are responsible of
the effect and effectiveness of the
communication. People do not simply send
meaning from one to the other then back again.
They need to build a shared meaning of the
message.
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ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
 Lexical or verbal component of communication refers to the word or chain of words used to create
meaning.
TYPES OF LEXICAL OR VERBAL COMPONENTS
1. Words are unique meaningful component of speech. It may be used alone or with others to form a
sentence.
Ex. Man, plants, world, collect
2. Parts of words denote a single letter, a prefix, or a suffix added to words.
Ex. s in plants
un in unbound
3. Phrasal verbs are verbs followed by a preposition or an adverb.
Ex. hand in (to submit something)
Please hand in the report this afternoon.
fill out (to complete a form)

Please do not forget to fill out the evaluation forms.
4. Collocation is pair or group of words that are habitually used together that they sound correct together.
Ex. strong coffee
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(coffee with a strong flavor or strong caffeine)
heavy drinker
(somebody who consumes more than the recommended daily limits)
5. Idioms are combined of words whose collective meaning is not predictable from those of the individuals
words.
Ex. a penny for your thoughts
(to ask someone what he/she is thinking of)
actions speak louder than words

(what people see you do is more important than what you say)
6. Sentence Frames are group of words that provide a structure or a skeleton for a complete sentence.
Ex. This is a ________.
I have a ________.
 Non-lexical or nonverbal components of communication refer to the delivering of message without the
use of words.
TYPES OF NON-LEXICAL OR NONVERBAL COMPONENTS
 1. Body language is a king of non-lexical communication where ideas ore messages are expressed using
your body.
a. Gestures refer to the delivering of message without the use of words.
Ex. Head nod = yes, approval, go on

Slow head nod = yes I agree with you
Fast head nod = yes, I heard you finish up
Head movement from side to side (wobble) = not sure
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b. Facial Expressions - are executed using the facial muscles.

Four techniques in managing facial expressions:
1. Intensify is used when you want to show strong emotions.
Ex. A real estate agent closing a deal might smile broadly with raised eyebrows. She
intensifies her facial expressions to show her strong emotion----happiness.
2. De-intensify is used when you want to control your feelings because someone might get
hurt or you don’t want people to notice how you really feel.
Ex. An employee who was promoted might smile less or look less happy if he finds
out that his colleague was demoted. He is de-intensifying his feelings.
3. Neutralize is used when you don’t want to show any feelings while talking to somebody.
Ex. An employee is being reprimanded because the project did not turn out well. This
employee may neutralize his expression by not showing any facial expression at all.
4. Mask is used when we want to convince somebody to do something for us; or when we
wanted to ask a favor from that person; or when do not want to hurt the feelings of the person.
Ex. A sales person is negotiating a sponsorship for an event. He might look absorbed
and very keen while listening to the person he is talking with, but deep inside he is not that
interested in the product.
c. Eye contact means looking directly at your audience’s eyes. Making eye contact while conversing
COURSE MODULE
with a person or speaking in front of an audience is important because it shows that you are interested in
knowing who your audience are and how are they reacting to what you are saying.
d. Body stance or how you sit or stand in front of a person or an audience can relay information
about your personality.
Ex. A person who walks with his hands in his pocket, with his bowed head, and hunched shoulders
can be interpreted as a man who is sad, in grief, who is depressed.
2. Proxemics refers to the study of people’s use of

space as special elaboration of culture.
o Public space characterizes how close we
sit or stand to someone, like a public figure
or public speaker. So, if you are at an event
listening to a professor give a lecture, you
are probably about 12-25 feet away.
o Social space means we’re getting a little
closer, about 4-12 feet away. This is the
kind of space you’re probably in if you’re
talking to a colleague or a custumer at work.
o Personal space is even closer. In this case,
you’re probably about 1-4 feet away from
someone. This is reserved for talking to friends or family.
o Intimate space is for people who are very close to. In this case, you’re probably less than a foot
away and you might even be touching the other person.
3. Paralanguage is a kind of non-lexical component of communication that we normally use every day,
sometimes consciously and other times, unconsciously.
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Three groups of paralanguage.

a. Vocal characterizers includes the vocal aspects of the following actions: whispering, snoring,
yelling, yawning, laughing, smiling and etc.
b. Vocal qualifiers includes tone, tempo, rhythm, pitch, volume, intensity, and extent.
c. Vocal segregates includes sounds like “uh-uh”, “mmmm”, “uh” and even silent pauses.
4. Presuppositions is an assumption, or something you believe is implied in an utterance.
Ex. Gianni no longer bakes cake.
Presuppositon: Gianni once baked cake.
5. Cultural and Environment Conditions
Culture refers to the beliefs, customs, arts, etc., of a particular society, group, place, or time.
Environmental conditions refer to the strength of the influence or various factors in a
particular place or time.
EFECTIVE COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Effective communication requires messages to be conveyed clearly between communicators, but
along the way there are many communication barriers that can create misunderstandings and
misinterpretations of your message.
COURSE MODULE
The fact that we always send and receive multiple messages when we communicate with others, we
need to be aware of the explicit and implicit messages we send to others, especially that many of our
messages are spontaneous expressions spoken without much thought.
Hence, to be effective communicators, the first step is to know the barriers to communication and how
to navigate around these barriers or roadblocks.
 Physical barriers are those that separate people from each other and mark territories. This type of barrier
can often be seen in the workplace where offices and closed doors stop communication.
 Language barriers – when you use words or a language that are alien or unknown to the receiver, it will
certainly stop your message from being conveyed. Buzzwords, and other jargons are a turn-off to the
other person. It will also cause misinterpretation of the message. The Philippines has between 120 and
175 languages, with 2 national and 12 auxiliary languages.
 Gender barriers – males and females have different styles of communication. While women generally,
emphasize politeness, empathy, and rapport building, male communication is often more direct.
 Interpersonal barriers are created to distance themselves from others. These can be done through
withdrawal, meaningless rituals which keep one devoid of real contact, superficial activities through
pastimes, and more. In the Filipino context, this barrier is expressed by saying, “I need space.” Filipinos
are not culturally confrontational.
 Perceptual barriers - different world views can create misunderstanding. Without reflection or
assessment, one might only view a message from their mindset rather than looking to see it from another
person’s point of view.
 Cultural barriers – ethnic, religious, and social differences can often create misunderstanding when
trying to communicate. These differences can also affect perceptual factors, as mentioned above. Culture
may be defined as systems of knowledge shared by a relatively large group of people.
 Emotional barriers – these can occur if one is consumed with emotion. Hostility, anger, fear, and other
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emotions make it hard to hear outside of one’s self. A heated argument may cause inability to understand
another person. Hence, generally, Filipinos are emotional and sensitive, a sender of communication can
keep this in mind as s/he makes his/her message clearly understood.
BEING AN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATOR
Increasing one’s competence in communication is not a gargantuan task. It is simple and only takes a
willingness to become an effective communicator.
1. Look carefully at yourself and your communication behavior in order to ask: What is the problem?
2. State a specific objective. Ex: What do I want to say to the group? I want them to understand to
understand that I am disappointed with myself.
3. Outline a specific procedure. Ex: I will practice expressing my disappointment and will encode what
I’m feeling clearly.
4. Devise a method of assessment. Ex: How did I say what I wanted to say? Did they get my message.
FIVE BASIC PURPOSES FOR COMMUNICATING:
1. We communicate to develop and maintain our sense of self.
2. We communicate to meet our social needs.
3. We communicate to develop and maintain relationships.
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4. We communicate to exchange information.

5. We communicate to influence others.
Exercise
A. Examine the following models of communication stated above and pick that which you think best
represents the situation you picked from the “Let’s Try it activity B”. Discuss your answers below and
draw a diagram that best describe the flow of communication.
B. Answer the following questions.

1. What model is similar to your diagram? Why?
2. What is noise? Identify noise in the following illustration.
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3. How does noise affect the transmission of a message?
4. Does your noise contribute to the breakdown of communication? Why do you say so?
5. How would you avoid communication breakdown caused by noise?
6. How important is decoding or encoding?

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7. Is an interpreter needed for encoding and decoding? Why do you say so?
8. Give the advantages and disadvantages of each model of communication.
C. Given below are different situations in line with the communication models. Try to illustrate each
situation using the given communication models.
Ex: Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication: A real-estate broker and prospective. (Create a situation
to illustrate the Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication)
Source - Real-estate broker
Message – situation created
Channel – depending on the medium used
Receiver – prospective client
1. Harold Laswell’s Communication Model:
Scene 1: Gerycho is a political candidate running for mayoral position. In one of his campaigns, he
delivered a speech to persuade the people to vote for him. The audience, who were members of a
particular community, applauded him well. After the election period, Gerycho was elected mayor.
Scene 2: Iya is a singer-composer of socially relevant songs. She was given a chance to record her
songs and have them played on different radio stations all over the country. Because of the airing of
her songs, the youth were able to listen to them. They were able to relate with the songs and they
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started to become socially active in their community.
Scene 1:
Scene 2:
2. Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication:
Genina, a corporate manager, is accompanying her boss in a fashion show event. The music in the
event was loud and people near Genina are loudly commenting on the designs. Her boss asked
Genina to call her secretary because he needs to have company’s proposal document for a client.
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Genina, using her mobile phone, called her secretary and asked her to bring the documents to the
event venue. When the secretary came, she was not able to bring the correct documents. What
happened with the phone conversation of Genina and her secretary?
Answer:
3. Barlund’s Transactional Model of Communication

Create a two-minute dialogue illustrating Barlund’s model to the following situation:
1. A teacher who is trying to teach students to speak in English.
2. Students who are sharing insights about their lesson for today.
Answer 1:
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Answer 2:
A. What barriers are difficult for you to overcome? Draw a similar caricature or just write an essay
emphasizing on your intents method of overcoming it. Elaborate your drawing or essay below.
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B. Compare and contrast the following models of communication using the expanded venn diagram
below. Highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each model.
Berlo's
SMCR
Shannon
Schramm's and
model Weaver's
model
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Assessment
Identify what is being asked below. Write your answer before each number.
1. It is a Latin word which means “to share” or “to make common”.

2. It is a process of exchanging of information, ideas, thoughts, feelings, and
emotions through speech, writing, signals, and behavior.
3. It is a process of communication in which it conceptualizes an idea in his mind
before he is able to formula and organizes the message.
4. It is the final concept of the idea formulated by the sender.
5. It is the person whom the sender is communicating with.
6. It is the message sent by receiver in response to the message he received.
7. These are graphic representations of the proposed elements included in the
communication process.
8. It is a model of communication with 5 components which consists of: Who, Says
who, in which channel, to whom, and with what effect.
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9. It is also referred to as the Transmission or Standard View Model, has three main
parts: sender, channel and receiver.
10. It is a verbal component of communication which is a pair or group of words that
are habitually used together that they sound correct together.
11. It refers to the delivering of message without the use of words.
12. It refers to the delivering of message without the use of words.
13. This barrier is created to distance themselves from others. These can be done
through withdrawal, meaningless rituals which keep one devoid of real contact,
superficial activities through pastimes, and more.
14. It is a barrier in which ethnic, religious, and social differences can often create
misunderstanding when trying to communicate. These differences can also affect
perceptual factors.
15. It is a kind of non-lexical communication that we normally use consciously and
unconsciously and has 3 groups which are: Vocal characterizers, Vocal
qualifiers, and Vocal segregates.
16. This model of communication states that giving and receiving messages is
reciprocal.
17. It refers to the word or chain of words used to create meaning.
18. It a non-lexical component which refers to the study of people’s use of space as
special elaboration of culture.
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19. It is a type of barrier when the use of words or a language are alien or unknown
to the receiver, it will certainly stop your message from being conveyed.
20. It refers to the beliefs, customs, arts, etc., of a particular society, group, place, or
time.
Reflection
Write your realization about the quote or passage given below. Apply what you have learned from our module.
Write it in an essay form with at least two (2) paragraphs. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
“I am aware that what I say and do can become a message.”

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Resources and Additional Resources
 Amcheta, R. D. et al. (2017). Oral Communication 1 Senior High School Edition.

FASTBOOKS EDUCATIONAL SUPPLY, INC.
 Montenegro-Gasulas, A. et all. (2016), IE for EC Integrated English for Effective
Communication. Quezon Ave., Qauezon City: THE PHOENIX PUBLISHING HOUSE
INC.
 Internet
Prepared by: Reviewed & Validated by: Approved by:
MA. KRISTINA S. BLANCAFLOR, LPT ROLAND M. GASIC, LPT JESUS C. ESCALA, MBA
___________________________ _________________________ ________________________
Faculty, SHS Department (Academic Coordinator) High School Principal
Disclaimer: The statement or content of this document was secured based on the data privacy act of the
institution. No reproduction of part or parts is allowed unless a written permission from WBC is granted.
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West Bay College: CS1: Oral Communication in Context

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Form No: QF-08-SHS-029

WEST BAY COLLEGE Effectivity Date:

MODULE WEEK NO.1-5

This module has the following lessons:

UNIT I- INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION

 Lesson 1 – The Nature and Elements of Communication

13. Denotation is the direct, explicit meaning of a word/s. While,

Intended Learning Outcomes

A. Explains the nature and process of communication.

sirens are blaring.

Answer the following question briefly.

“I prefer to share my ideas in Facebook.”

This model is also called linear model of

Which channel: The channel describes the

It is also referred to as the Transmission or

The message is effectively sent when the

This model expands the Shannon and Weaver

decoding. It shows that the source must have

This states that giving and receiving messages is

fill out (to complete a form)

(coffee with a strong flavor or strong caffeine)

actions speak louder than words

Ex. Head nod = yes, approval, go on

b. Facial Expressions - are executed using the facial muscles.

2. Proxemics refers to the study of people’s use of

Three groups of paralanguage.

EFECTIVE COMMUNICATION SKILLS

4. We communicate to exchange information.

B. Answer the following questions.

2. What is noise? Identify noise in the following illustration.

3. How does noise affect the transmission of a message?

5. How would you avoid communication breakdown caused by noise?

6. How important is decoding or encoding?

8. Give the advantages and disadvantages of each model of communication.

started to become socially active in their community.

2. Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication:

3. Barlund’s Transactional Model of Communication

1. It is a Latin word which means “to share” or “to make common”.

“I am aware that what I say and do can become a message.”

Resources and Additional Resources

 Amcheta, R. D. et al. (2017). Oral Communication 1 Senior High School Edition.

Prepared by: Reviewed & Validated by: Approved by:

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