In mathematics

Five is the third prime number.[1] Because it can be written as 22  + 1, five is classified as a Fermat
1

prime;[1] therefore, a regular polygon with 5 sides (a regular pentagon) is constructible with compass

and an unmarked straightedge. Five is the third Sophie Germain prime,[1] the first safe prime, the
third Catalan number,[2] and the third Mersenne prime exponent.[3] Five is the first Wilson prime and
the third factorial prime, also an alternating factorial.[4] Five is the first good prime.[5] It is an Eisenstein
prime with no imaginary part and real part of the form 3n − 1.[1] It is also the only number that is part
of more than one pair of twin primes. Five is a congruent number.[6]
Five is conjectured to be the only odd untouchable number and if this is the case then five will be the
only odd prime number that is not the base of an aliquot tree.
Five is also the only prime that is the sum of two consecutive primes, namely 2 and 3, with these
indeed being the only possible set of two consecutive primes.
The number 5 is the fifth Fibonacci number, being 2 plus 3.[1] It is the only Fibonacci number that is
equal to its position. Five is also a Pell number and a Markov number, appearing in solutions to the
Markov Diophantine equation: (1, 2, 5), (1, 5, 13), (2, 5, 29), (5, 13, 194), (5, 29, 433), ...
(OEIS: A030452 lists Markov numbers that appear in solutions where one of the other two terms is
5). Whereas 5 is unique in the Fibonacci sequence, in the Perrin sequence 5 is both the fifth and
sixth Perrin numbers.[7]
5 is the length of the hypotenuse of the smallest integer-sided right triangle.
In bases 10 and 20, 5 is a 1-automorphic number.
Five is the second Sierpinski number of the first kind, and can be written as S2 = (22) + 1.[8]
While polynomial equations of degree 4 and below can be solved with radicals, equations of degree
5 and higher cannot generally be so solved. This is the Abel–Ruffini theorem. This is related to the
fact that the symmetric group Sn is a solvable group for n ≤ 4 and not solvable for n ≥ 5.
While all graphs with 4 or fewer vertices are planar, there exists a graph with 5 vertices which is not
planar: K5, the complete graph with 5 vertices.
There are five Platonic solids.[9][1]
A polygon with five sides is a pentagon. Figurate numbers representing pentagons (including five)
are called pentagonal numbers. Five is also a square pyramidal number.
Five is the only prime number to end in the digit 5 because all other numbers written with a 5 in the
ones place under the decimal system are multiples of five. As a consequence of this, 5 is in base 10
a 1-automorphic number.
Vulgar fractions with 5 or 2 in the denominator do not yield infinite decimal expansions, unlike
expansions with all other prime denominators, because they are prime factors of ten, the base.
When written in the decimal system, all multiples of 5 will end in either 5 or 0.
There are five exceptional Lie groups.