Four is the smallest composite number, its proper divisors being 1 and 2.

[1]

4 is the smallest squared prime (p2) and the only even number in this form. 4 is
also the only square one more than a prime number.

A number is a multiple of 4 if its last two digits are a multiple of 4.[2] For
example, 1092 is a multiple of 4 because 92 = 4 × 23.

In addition, 2 + 2 = 2 × 2 = 22 = 4. Continuing the pattern in Knuth's up-arrow

notation, 2 ↑↑ 2 = 2 ↑↑↑ 2 = 4, and so on, for any number of up arrows.[3] (That
is, 2 [n] 2 = 4 for every positive integer n, where a [n] b is the hyperoperation.)

A four-sided plane figure is a quadrilateral (quadrangle), sometimes also called a

tetragon. It can be further classified as a rectangle, oblong, square, kite, or
rhombus.

A solid figure with four faces as well as four vertices is a tetrahedron,[4] and 4
is the smallest possible number of faces (as well as vertices) of a polyhedron.[5]
The regular tetrahedron is the simplest Platonic solid.[6] A tetrahedron, which can
also be called a 3-simplex, has four triangular faces and four vertices. It is the
only self-dual regular polyhedron.[7]

Four-dimensional space is the highest-dimensional space featuring more than three

convex regular figures:

Two-dimensional: infinitely many convex regular polygons.

Three-dimensional: five convex regular polyhedra (the five Platonic solids).
Four-dimensional: six convex regular polychora.
Five-dimensional and every higher-dimensional: three regular convex polytopes
(regular simplexes, hypercubes, cross-polytopes).

Four-dimensional differential manifolds have some unique properties. There is only

one differential structure on R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} \mathbb {R} ^{n}
except when n = 4, in which case there are uncountably many.

The smallest non-cyclic group has four elements; it is the Klein four-group.[8]
Four is also the order of the smallest non-trivial groups that are not simple.

Four is the only integer n for which the (non trivial) alternating group An is not
simple.

Four is the maximum number of dimensions of a real associative division algebra

(the quaternions), by a theorem of Ferdinand Georg Frobenius.

The four-color theorem states that a planar graph (or, equivalently, a flat map of
two-dimensional regions such as countries) can be colored using four colors, so
that adjacent vertices (or regions) are always different colors.[9] Three colors
are not, in general, sufficient to guarantee this.[10] The largest planar complete
graph has four vertices.[11]

Lagrange's four-square theorem states that every positive integer can be written as
the sum of at most four square numbers.[12] Three are not always sufficient; 7 for
instance cannot be written as the sum of three squares.[13]

Each natural number divisible by 4 is a difference of squares of two natural

numbers, i.e. 4x = y2 − z2.

Four is the highest degree general polynomial equation for which there is a
solution in radicals.[14]