THE SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE SETTLEMENT OF KAMPUNG

NELAYAN BAGAN DELI BELAWAN MEDAN

Beny O.Y. Marpaung1, Adhe Maulidina R Harahap2
1,2.
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara
*Email: @gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Population growth in a settlement as the year progresses. Increasing community needs for
housing in the settlements make this an important matter, but to get a place to live, people are
constrained by the economy, this is one of the factors forming the unplanned settlements that
develop in the coastal areas. People choose to build houses in the coastal area because they
are close to the livelihoods of their residents. Kampung Nelayan Belawan Medan is close to
the sea, most of the residents of Kampung Nelayan Belawan Medan are fishermen and traders
who make their homes or land from their home site as a place to earn a living to meet the
economic needs of the family. The community with a profession as a fisherman will
determine where to live close to the living area. This has become a traditional thought of
residents with a profession as fishermen. The formation of a settlement was initially
determined by various factors including the culture of the local community. However, the
coastal area is the most appropriate place to live even though the physical condition of the soil
and its nature is dangerous for residents. This pattern of thinking has become a tradition for
generations of fishermen. The prevailing norms become a tradition of growing and developing
based on increasing time and demands for life. This study aims to identify norms understood
by the Deli Malay community in shaping the pattern of space, spatial structure, and spatial
transformation in settlements in the Kampung Nelayan Bagan Deli Belawan Medan. This
study uses a qualitative method approach using the results of interviews with residents to find
out the norms applied by the Deli Malay community who live, spatial structure and spatial
transformation in the Kampung Nelayan Belawan Medan. This study found that the relevant
norms in determining the location of residential houses in the Kampung Nelayan Belawan
Medan influenced the spatial transformation in settlements in the Fisherman Village of
Belawan Medan.

Keywords: Deli Malay norm, spatial structure, spatial transformation

 Introduction

Population growth in a settlement as the year progresses. Increasing community needs for
housing in the settlements make this an important matter, but to get a place to live, people are
constrained by the economy, this is one of the factors forming the unplanned settlements that
develop in the coastal areas. People choose to build houses in the coastal area because they are
close to the livelihoods of their residents. Social interaction has an impact on balanced
community life. A balanced community life in urban areas can reveal the complexity of urban
sustainability. The complexity of urban sustainability certainly must be supported by an
emphasis on cultural aspects, social norms and network systems in settlements. Space in
settlements is realized by the existence of social interaction (Biddulph, 2003). The realization
process can take place both formally and informally. The existence of interaction in a community
in realizing space in the settlement illustrates that the life of the community is balanced. The
more complex the community in the settlements will form a place whose meaning is also
complex.
Kampung Nelayan Belawan Medan is close to the sea, most of the residents of Kampung
Nelayan Belawan are fishermen and traders who make their homes or land from their home site
as a place to earn a living to meet the economic needs of the family. The community with a
profession as a fisherman will determine where to live close to the living area. This has become a
traditional thought of residents with a profession as fishermen. The formation of a settlement was
initially determined by various factors including the culture of the local community. However,
the coastal area is the most appropriate place to live even though the physical condition of the
soil and its nature is dangerous for residents. This pattern of thinking has become a tradition for
generations of fishermen. The prevailing norms become a tradition of growing and developing
based on increasing time and demands for life.
Identification of the traditional space pattern structure precisely in the settlement of
Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan is located on Bagan Deli Street, Medan Belawan
Subdistrict, Bagan Deli Village needs to be examined related to the arrangement of traditional
houses in the settlement with a high level of social relations in the settlement of Kampung Bagan
Deli Belawan Medan. Residents in the settlements develop little by little to make their physical
environment in order to accommodate various activities. The physical environment in the
settlement of Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan that is interconnected with humans will
influence and eventually lead to a more specific life pattern.
According to Patterson (2007,1288), reveals that the transformation of society usually
results from events that proceed from the past to the present but not known by the times or the
transformation process in the uncontrollable threshold resulting from the emphasis on events
identified from time to time. Based on this issue, it is important to study that the spatial
transformation patterns that occur in the settlement of Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan is
based on community norms and the emphasis on the duration of time from year to year in
forming space so that the transformation of traditional spatial pattern structures in the settlement
of Kampung Nelayan Bagan Deli Belawan Medan.
The process of transforming the traditional space pattern in the settlement of Kampung
Nelayan Bagan Deli Belawan Medan was obtained from the identification of the structure of the
traditional pattern of settlements. So that the results of this study can later be used as a basis for
the government in settlement planning that grows and develops by including the traditions of the
inhabitants of traditional settlements in coastal areas. As for the formulation of the problem that
is the limit of the discussion in this study are as follows:

1. How do the norms of the Deli Malay community form space in the settlements of the
Kampung Nelayan Bagan Deli Belawan Medan?
2. How is the structure of space in the settlements of the Kampung Nelayan Bagan Deli
Belawan Medan?
3. How is the spatial transformation in the settlements of the Kampung Nelayan Bagan Deli
Belawan Medan?

This study aims to identify the norms understood by the Deli Malay community in
shaping the pattern of space in the Kampung Nelayan Bagan Deli Belawan Medan. The key is to
find space structures in the settlements of the Kampung Nelayan Bagan Deli Belawan Medan.
Examine out how the transformation of space in the settlements of the Kampung Nelayan Bagan
Deli Belawan Medan.
 Methods

In determining the location of the study, several criteria must be considered so that this
study can obtain the data needed to achieve the research objectives. The method of determining
the location determined intentionally (method-selective) choosing a location in Kampung
Nelayan Bagan Deli Belawan Medan. The criteria that must be met in determining the location
of the research are:
• The research location is an unplanned-developed location.
• Research locations are traditional settlements
• Research locations are traditional community settlements located close to the sea, most of
the people work as fishermen and traders.
• The establishment of research sites has undergone a process of change in various time
periods.
This study uses a qualitative methodology that produces descriptive data based on the
results of interviews and field observations. In determining variables, researchers refer to the
theoretical basis and problems that have been formulated. The variable determination method
can be seen in table 1 below:
Table 1. Variable Determination Methods
Variable Required data
Norms of Deli Malay society in forming space are The norms that are believed by the people in
influenced by several factors, namely:
Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan
- Site selection
Construction of houses related to Deli Malay ethnicity
and coastal environment
- -Circulation patterns related to the rules of
Deli Malay ethnicity
- Mosque as an Islamic identity which is the
majority religion of Deli Malay ethnicity
- Deli Malay ethnic custom ceremony

Space structures in settlements include,

- The shape of the settlement space
- Characteristics of residential areas
Spatial structures in settlements include, Data can be obtained from the village leader
 - The shape of the settlement space about the spatial structure in Kampung Bagan
- Characteristics of residential areas Deli Belawan Medan
Spatial transformation in settlements includes, - Assess the transformation of residential space
- Deli Malay community behavior in various time periods

- Usage of land - Map of physical elements in settlements in

- Duration of time Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan.

Respondents in this study were residents who lived in settlements in Kampung Bagan
Deli Belawan Medan which had the Deli Malay tribe. The data to be studied were obtained by
conducting interviews and direct observation of the research location to map the spatial structure
of settlements in the Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan.
The interviews were conducted aimed at identifying norms understood by the Deli Malay
community in shaping the pattern of space in the Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan.
Observations of direct observations to the field were conducted to find spatial structures and
spatial transformation in settlements in the Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan.

Results and Discussion

Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan community believes in the norms they use to
fulfill their daily needs. The foundation of the house owned by the community is the result of the
inheritance of parents or grandmothers who have already been in the Kampung Bagan Deli
Belawan Medan. According to Agus Budi Wibowo (2018), the norms related to determining the
site of a residence in Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan (Figure 1) are:
• Norms that the chosen site of the house must be a site that does not endanger the
occupants and does not disturb the surrounding environment which can result in disasters.
• Norms about the Deli Malay ethnic community have the principle of a high sense of
togetherness among Deli Malay ethnic groups which triggers the formation of spaces in
the settlement.
• Norms about determining the position of the house take into account the direction of the
wind. Determining the location of residents' homes in the settlement of Kampung Bagan
 Deli Belawan Medan is related to the existence of a mosque built by residents who first
occupied the Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan.

Picture Description: Position of the observation object

Figure 1. Norms believed by the Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan to be related to the
Site

According to Febrianti (2010), the Deli Malay community highly upholds religious
values, traditional values, and traditions. The influence can be seen through how a settlement is
formed, where the conditions are that there must be a house of worship/mosque (religious
values) and a place of traditional ceremonies (Figure 2). This can be seen in the structure of
space in the settlements in Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan, the building can function as a
place of worship for Muslims.

Figure 2. Spatial Structure in Settlements of Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan

In general, community houses that occupy the Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan
area have a house position facing the roadway and some other houses that have to enter a small
alley. According to Zigmunde D (2010, May), clear management planning will guarantee the
preservation of the landscape area created to prevent undesirable transformation, so the
application of traditional landscape elements or activities to improve the aesthetic quality and
ecology of the region become a principle concept that will succeed in planning new territory.
The Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan community utilizes a small alley or alley that can
only be passed by residents using a motorcycle with a size of 1.2 m in width (Figure 5.3).

Figure 3. Orientation conditions for houses in settlements of Kampung Bagan Deli

Belawan Medan

The stage-shaped house is used because it adapts to its environment which is on the coast
of the sea so a house in the form of a stage in Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan that was
built until now there is still a lot of houses on stilts to avoid water entering the house in the
event of the tide. According to Biddulph (2003), a balanced community life in urban areas can
reveal the complexity of the sustainability of settlements.
The complexity of the sustainability of settlements certainly must be supported by the
emphasis on cultural aspects, social norms, and network systems in settlements. The community
in the Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan area to determine the site of his house using the
rules or norms that apply to the community. These norms balance a settlement to the
sustainability of the conditions of the settlement.
The prevailing norms relate to the indigenous tribes of the Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan
Medan community, namely Deli Malay ethnic. The emphasis of these community norms
influences the form of land oriented towards roads or alleys in the Kampung Bagan Deli
Belawan Medan, as well as the boundaries of the outdoor living spaces in the Fishermen's
Village (Figure 4.).

Figure 4. Influence of Norms on Space in Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan

Figure 5. Transformation of Land Use in the Settlement of Kampung Bagan Deli

Belawan Medan

 The community during the Deli Sultanate made the Bagan Deli area their place to stay in
the sea. The existence of Nurul Hilal Mosque was first built in 1918 by the Deli
Sultanate in its time. Deli Malay ethnic is synonymous with Islam, so that the mosque
becomes the starting point for the formation of space patterns during the Deli Sultanate.
Arrangements of houses that follow the direction in which the mosque was built and the
way to follow the direction of the house structure that follows the mosque building. The
privileges of the position of Malay kings are also expressed by means of acceptance of
Islam. The arrival and spread of Islam is illustrated in an interesting way that allows
Malays to accept it well and put it in a high position. Islamic coaching in the Malay
community found that generally Islamic acceptance permeated deeply and thoroughly
(Ridwan, T. Amin., 2005).
 In 1970 the Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan settlement was small and not crowd.
The community occupies Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan with Deli Malays. The
 population comes from the areas of Batubara, Percut, Serdang, and Tanjung Balai. They
were sent to Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan because most of the residents were
fishermen who were fishing in the Belawan Sea. The pattern that is realized is not
planned to follow the flow of the river or sea that is in the vicinity of the settlement area.
This is influenced by ethnic Deli Malays who live on the coast of the sea. The
characteristics of traditional Malay settlements were initially in the form of a pattern of
spreading houses that followed the river or sea (Rumiati, A., & Prasetyo, Y. H., 2013).
The pattern of spreading Malay settlements is characterized by the influence of the
natural geography situation in their environment following the pattern of the river or sea.
Houses in developing Malay settlements adjust the spread of patterns from the river or
sea flow in the region.
 In 1980 the Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan settlement developed over a period of
10 years. In settlements, there is the construction of the village head office and TPI
offices built by the government. In settlements there are more occupants that occupy
areas close to the Belawan Sea coast. People build their dwellings on the swampland.
According to Yuan (1987), in general the pattern of house distribution in modern
settlements is rigid, in contrast to the traditional Malay house distribution pattern built in
an unplanned and patternless manner so that the wind can move naturally by freely
following its flow unobstructed by surrounding house buildings. Limitations are not
clearly found between the site of one house and another. So that there are several houses
that have direct access to the main road, but must go through the neighbor's house in
front of it.
 In 2010 the Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan settlement was developed. The
increasingly dense occupancy of residents is an area that is once a swamp, but over the
course of 20 years, the land has been transformed into a pool of water due to seawater,
which has led to the building of houses above Belawan Sea. The Malay community
basically builds houses in the form of stilts because they live in sea areas that experience
ups and downs. However, the Malay community has another reason for building a house
in the form of a stage, which becomes higher so that the air circulation around the house
becomes firmer. The orientation of the west to the east house is directly facing the house
(Rumiati, A., & Prasetyo, Y. H., 2013).
 Conclusion

The Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan community in determining its home site
applies the prevailing norms relating to Deli Malay ethnicity. In determining the home site of the
community of Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan. Relevant norms in determining the site of
the house are carried out as a form of Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan in carrying out the
norms about the right land that does not disturb the earth's veins, while the wrong ones will bring
disaster to the inhabitants and are related to norms about determining the nature of the physical
property, soil and taste. The position of the Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan community
houses meets the norm about determining the position of the house taking into account the wind
directions according to the norm that is believed to be part of the community.
Basically, the majority of the Deli Malay ethnic community embraces Islam so that the
existence of the Mosque has influenced the Deli Malay ethnic community in Kampung Bagan
Deli Belawan Medan in forming space. The prevailing norms relate to Islam as in the
construction of roads carried out by the community in the Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan
Medan. This is in accordance with the theory of Febrianti (2010), the Deli Malay community
highly upholds the values of religion, the values of their customs and traditions. The influence
can be seen through how a settlement is formed, where the conditions are that there must be a
house of worship / mosque (religious value) and a place of traditional ceremonies. In fulfilling
these related factors, the Deli Malay ethnic community carries traditional handlers or leaders
who usually follow in the process of building the homes of the residents.
The fishermen came to Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan to continue their work as
fishermen so they chose to live in Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan so they will not far
from their place to find fish, shrimp, shellfish, crabs, squid, and others. This fact is in accordance
with the theory of Yodsurang P & Yasufumi U (2015), the marine coastal environment is the
residence of residents who have livelihoods in the area to form a settlement. Settlements that are
parallel along the river line, will change by adjusting the soil conditions, green space, and
cultural composition.
Norms have balanced a settlement against the sustainability of the conditions of the
settlement. The prevailing norms relate to the indigenous tribes of the Kampung Bagan Deli
Belawan Medan community, namely the Deli Malays. The emphasis of these community norms
influences the form of land oriented towards roads or alleys in the Kampung Bagan Deli
Belawan Medan, as well as the boundaries of the outdoor living space in the Fishermen's Village.
This is related to Biddulph's (2003) theory, stating that balanced community life in settlements
can reveal the complexity of sustainability. The complexity of the sustainability of settlements
certainly must be supported by the emphasis on cultural aspects, social norms, and network
systems in settlements. The people in the Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan area to
determine the site of his house using the rules or norms that apply to the community.
The transformation in the pattern of space in the Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan
settlement has occurred since the establishment of Kampung Bagan Deli by Deli Sultanate in
1918 until now 2018 has undergone many changes because the settlements are already densely
occupied by the native Deli population as well as outsiders who come looking for jobs as
fishermen so they build their houses in the Kampung Bagan Deli Belawan Medan area.