Name: Aisyah Tasha Putri

Class: 3B

English assignment about the body parts

The Lower Parts Of The Body And Its Function

1. Hip
The hip is the joint that connects the femur to the pelvis. This joint plays an important
role in controlling the movement of the human body, such as walking, sitting, or simply
turning the body
2. Thigh
The function is to help the legs move in a straight motion and bend towards the hips, so
it is important as a tool for lower human motion
3. Knee
The knee serves to support the body's weight, especially when standing, walking,
running, and jumping
4. Leg
Legs are used for standing, and all forms of locomotion including recreational such as
dancing, and constitute a significant portion of a person's mass.
5. Ankle
To make it easy for humans to step and walk in a way that is as comfortable and
efficient as possible, and serves as a link between the lower leg bones of the forearm to
the soles of the feet
6. Foot
The foot is subdivided into the rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot. It functions as a rigid
structure for weight bearing and it can also function as a flexible structure to conform to
uneven terrain
7. Toes
 the toes assist the human while walking, providing balance, weight-bearing, and thrust
during gait

Bones In The Lower Extremity

1. Hip
 Innominate (hip bone or pelvic bone)
The hip is the joint that connects the femur to the pelvis. This joint plays an important
role in controlling the movement of the human body, such as walking, sitting, or simply
turning the body
2. Upper leg
 Femur (thigh bone)
The function is to help the legs move in a straight motion and bend towards the hips, so
it is important as a tool for lower human motion
 patella (kneecap)
The patella functions to protect the knee joint, to lengthen the lever arm of the
quadriceps femoris, and to increase the area of contact between the patellar
ligament and the femur.
3. Lower leg
 Tibia (shin bone)
the tibia's main function in the leg is to bear weight with the medial aspect of the
tibia bearing the majority of the weight load. It also serves as the origin or insertion
site for 11 muscles; these allow for extension and flexion at the knee joint and
dorsiflexion and plantarflexion at the ankle joint
 fibula (calf bone)
Fibula's main function is to combine with the tibia and provide stability to the ankle
joint.
4. Midfoot/rearfoot
tarsals, including:
  talus (ankle bone), calcaneus (heel bone)
Talus function is to transmitting body weight and forces passing between the lower
leg and the foot. However, the calcaneus plays an important role in weight bearing
and stability
 cuboid
This bone is cube-shaped and connects the foot and the ankle. It also provides
stability to the foot
 navicular
It helps connect the talus, or anklebone, to the cuneiform bones of the foo
 medial cuneiform
Medial cuneiform function is to dorsiflexion and supination of the foot
 intermediate cuneiform
 lateral cuneiform
5. Forefoot
 metatarsals: although located in the middle of the foot, they’re typically considered
part of the forefoot
 phalanges (toes): each toe has three bones except the big toe, which has two

Muscles In The Lower Extremity

1. Hip
 Gluteal muscles: These muscles help you stay upright and raise your thigh to the
side, thrust your hips forward, and rotate your leg.
 Abductor muscles: These muscles help you move the thighs together
 Iliopsoas muscles: The iliacus and psoas major help you flex your hips (bring your
thighs to your abdomen).
 Lateral rotator muscles: This muscle group helps you move your thighs apart.
2. Upper Leg
 Vastus lateris
  Vastus medialis
 Vastus intermedius
 Vastus femoris
 biceps femoris
 semimembranosus
 semitendinosus
3. Lower leg
 gastrocnemius: flexes and extends the foot, ankle, and knee
 soleus: important in walking and standing
 plantaris: acts with the gastrocnemius
 popliteus: initiates knee flexion/bending
4. Foot
 tibialis anterior: moves foot move upward
 tibialis posterior: supports the arch and flexes the foot
 peroneals: move ankle and foot laterally
 extensors: raise toes at ankles for stepping forward
 flexors: stabilize toes against the ground