TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

Housing
TOPIC: Lecture 4

(Housing Types)

4th Grade- Fall Semester 2020

Instructor: Muhammad Rojnamachy
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 Lecture Content
Housing Types
1- Modern Housing History
2- Housing Types
2-1 Manner of Assembly
2-2 Height
2-3 Level of Income
2-4 Location

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 1- Modern Housing History
- The search for solutions to the housing of
many people has been going on since the Last
two Centuries.

- From the Mid nineteenth Century

various proposals were tested in Europe
to provide the working class with a clean
and healthy environment.

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 Le Corbusier’s Radiant city 1920
- Ebenezer Howard’s Garden
City movement 1899 to Le
Corbusier’s Radiant city 1920,
have been strived to develop
solutions to meet the pressing
needs of housing the middle- and
lower-income population.
- The Modern Movement with its
concern for a new standard of
living and its development of an
architectural language to
represent a new utopia has come
to form the backbone of the
basic architectural vocabulary
used in the developing world to
solve the housing problems.
Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City movement 1899
-The belief of the 1950’s and 60’s that
housing provided by national
governments will solve the problem of .
providing housing for low-income
people has proved to be an impossible
dream
 .
- The 1980’s has seen a growth of
housing projects built both by the
government and the private sector.
Consequently cities are growing at an
alarming rate.
- Most of these housing developments
are isolated and not integrated with
other development in the city and
have no coherent relationship to the
surrounding urban fabric .
 2- Housing Types
based on :
1-Manner of Assembly 3-Level of Income
2-Hight 4-Location

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1-Manner of Assembly
-A- Combined - They all usually look the same view&
much identical structurally
(Attached) Housing
- Both sides of each house in the row
share common walls with a neighboring
house, except the houses at each end of
the terrace.
- They joined side by side together. –
- The front yard (garden) is smaller
than the back yard (garden)
- The housing density is between 24 -
42 dwells/ HA

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 1-Manner of Assembly
- Natural Ventilation and Lighting.
- B- Detached - Visual and Living Privacy, Safety and
Housing Flexibility.
- Achieved Family requirements of the
needed living spaces.
- The housing density is 13 -21
unit/HA

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1-Manner of Assembly
C- Semi-Detached Housing
- This type refers to one of a pair of
landed houses joined by a common
wall but not to any other dwellings.
- Designed to car arrival to each unit.
- The housing density ranged between
21-28 dwells/ HA

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 1-Manner of Assembly - Exists in traditional city centers.
- Its planning relies upon the pedestrian
-D- Courtyard Housing circulation.
- This type (combined with courtyard)
house is best among other, from the
point view of land occupation and
social relationships.
- Housing density is 28 - 48
dwells/HA.

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 2-Hight
A-Low-rise Buildings (1-3)
B-Multi (Mid)- story Buildings 4-8
floors
C- High-rise Buildings +8 floors
D-Tower Blocks 12+

_Advantages of these buildings are as follows:

1. Numerous flats in one plot to promote plot’s value.
2. Exploit the natural lighting and ventilation where flats stand
freely.
3. Apartments are far from noise and air pollution.
4. Reduce the total cost of electricity, drainage, and water
networks.
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 2-Hight
Disadvantages of these buildings are as
follows:
1. Dangerous in earthquakes and fires.
2. Non-social design as it causes several
psychological problems.
3. Non-human design as it causes
problems to seniors, children, and
others when electricity is OFF (Problems
of lifts, vertical movements)
4. Prevent air and lighting to cross other
low buildings.
5. Disclose the privacy of other low
buildings.

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2-Hight ( System Configuration)
1- Gallery type.
A set of apartments (not more than 6 in
each floor), accessed by the outer gallery,
(single loaded corridor)
-Oriented to north or west.
-The apartment services faced to the
corridor
-The vertical movement in the center of
the corridor
- Fire escapes in each side of the
corridor.
- All the apartment units have preferred
orientation.
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 2-Hight ( System Configuration)
- Apartment units located on both sides 2- Corridor type.
of inner corridor.
-(Double loaded corridor-.
- (6) units in each side (in Max.), (12
units in each floor)-
- Corridors have larger width than
(single loaded) – about (1.80 – 2.10)m.
- Services are located on this inner
corridor, and fire escapes are on each
sides.
- This type is not preferred, due to :
- Lack of ventilation.
- View

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3- Pointed block type.
-Designed as one building with varied
forms (square, rectangular, triangular,
hexagon, octagon,….)
-The vertical and horizontal circulation
are on the center of the form.
-Strong social relationships, due to a
smaller number of apartments in each
floor.
-This type derived from detached
housing type..

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-It consists of several Building blocks; 4- Multi-core ( Segments)
Each floor includes 2 0r 3 apartments circulations type.
with one vertical circulation.
-The blocks linked with each other from
2 sides.
-Each block opened toward front and
back elevations.
-This type is too expensive due to several
points of vertical circulations.
-The type took various forms, (linear-
gradual, …), -depends upon site
topography and its surrounding.
-All apartments will achieve the right
orientation

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5-Split Standing Building
Type
- Called skip stop because of non-
stopped lifts in each floors, due to
apartment designs with duplex or
triplex.
- Aimed to a greater number of
apartments in each floor.
- Derived from Marseille building by Le
Corbusie .
- The plans for this type looks like the
gallery or corridor housing types

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 3- Level of Income
A- Super Deluxe Housing for people with very
high income.
B- Lux Housing : for high-income people
(very good).
C-Housing Average (Good): Cooperative or
economic middle income.
D- Low –income housing .

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 4- Location
A- Urban Houses
B- Suburbs Houses
C- Rural Houses

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 Next Lecture
Housing Masterplan & Neighborhood
Design Checklist

1- Housing Pattern Configurations

1-1 Linear Assembling
1-2 Cluster Assembling
2- Neighborhood Design Checklist

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Thank you

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