1.

The relevance of geology to civil engineering is that, it provides a systematic knowledge of construction material
such as its occurrence, composition, and durability. Furthermore, knowledge of geological work such as water and
wind help in carrying out and planning major civil engineering works specifically on erosion, transportation and
others. Lastly, as a I know, before starting a major project, knowledge on geology is a must for every civil engineer
since detailed of geological report should be accompanied especially on the maps and sections where constructing
of project will happen. As for me, we need to study geology in CE curriculum because, in the future, when we
handle some major/ big projects of some clients or companies, we can easily solve expensive problems that might
occur on our site.

2. Fundamental understanding and learning of geology are so important to civil engineering profession because all
worked performed and achieved by civil engineers involves earth and its features. Also, civil engineers must
understand the materials which it is made that will be used at the project, structure of those materials, natural
forces acting upon the site like earthquakes and erosion, and the land upon the project rests in order for the project
to be successful.

3. In continental drift theory, a German guy named Alfred Wegener started noticing some interesting things about the
continents. In addition, in his research, he eventually finds many pieces of evidences that proved all of our modern
continents were once supercontinent “Pangaea” and he called this theory Continental drift. A million years ago, the
supercontinent drifted to form modern continents and he proved his theory about the evidences that he gathered
such as the matching of mountain ranges, coal fields, salt deposits, reefs, fossil and climate evidences, and glaciers
where they shouldn’t be. On the other hand, it took years for the scientists to gather new evidences. Technologies
allowed them to find data regarding on the movement of our continents. Furthermore, “somar”, a technology that
were used during the world war 2 to find other submarines found a couple of things/evidences such as deep sea
trenches that were found at the edges of the continents of Asia, Abyssal plains which is a flat area, although many
are dotted with volcanic mountains that was consistent blue off of southern America. Also, in plate tectonics,
different sections of ocean floor had different polarities. Lastly, the new evidences that the plate tectonic theory
gather brought Wegener back into his spotlight. Evidences such as, all crust is part of a plate that is in motion is
caused by movement of mantle that causes also to ridge-push and slab-pull. Earthquake and volcanic location
patterns, ring of fire outlines that were caused by some movement at the boundaries and for them or the crust to
be able to move. In other words, continental suggests that all the land masses on earth were once part of the super
continent and on the other hand, plate tectonic theory is the ability to measure the movement of land masses and
the newer form with more evidence of a proposed mechanism for the movement of the continents.

4. We all know that a landform is a feature on the earth surface that is part of a terrain that forms mountains, hills,
plains, and etc. due to continuous movement of liquid things beneath our ground specifically at the mantle. As for
me, I think that tectonic plate movement under the earth can create and bring landforms by pushing up mountains
and hills caused by convergent boundaries where the two plates push each other and produce a landform. Also,
erosion by water and wind can wear down land and create landforms like valleys, basins and canyons but both of
these processes happens over a long period of time or millions of years.

5. If everyone on earth will jump at the appointed time, nothing much would happen or it wouldn’t be a big something
that can trigger a strong earthquake here in our earth. Furthermore, our total mass or collective mass should I say is
only 8 billion tons and it is much lesser compare to the mass of earth that would sum up or equivalent to 6 sextillion
588 quintillion ton. According to my research on “Dotphysics”, if we jump 30 cm high, we can push earth away from
us but that push is only 100 of the width of the hydrogen atom. It would only resemble a 1 or less earthquake on
the ritcher scale but only in the zone where we jumped. If we tried to create the force of an earthquake simply by
just jumping, we would need seven million times more people than currently living on earth right now. Lastly, as I
know, according to newtons 3rd law of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, I think that,
since we jumped and return on the ground at the same time on the ground, therefore, it would have been in had
we not jumped at all.